Daten & Fakten
Katar
Taiwan
Turkmenistan
Capital
Katar
name: Doha
geographic coordinates: 25 17 N, 51 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derives from the Arabic term "dohat," meaning "roundness," and refers to the small rounded bays along the area's coastline
geographic coordinates: 25 17 N, 51 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derives from the Arabic term "dohat," meaning "roundness," and refers to the small rounded bays along the area's coastline
Taiwan
name: Taipei
geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
Turkmenistan
name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)
geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derived from the Persian words eshq meaning "love" and abad meaning "inhabited place" or "city," and so loosely translates as "the city of love"
geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derived from the Persian words eshq meaning "love" and abad meaning "inhabited place" or "city," and so loosely translates as "the city of love"
Citizenship
Katar
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Qatar
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 20 years; 15 years if an Arab national
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Qatar
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 20 years; 15 years if an Arab national
Taiwan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Turkmenistan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkmenistan
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkmenistan
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Legal system
Katar
mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic (sharia) law (in family and personal matters)
Taiwan
civil law system
Turkmenistan
civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences
Suffrage
Katar
18 years of age; universal
Taiwan
20 years of age; universal; note - in March 2022, the Legislative Yuan approved lowering the voting age to 18, but the change will require a constitutional amendment that must be submitted to a referendum
Turkmenistan
18 years of age; universal
Area
Katar
total: 11,586 sq km
land: 11,586 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 11,586 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Taiwan
total: 35,980 sq km
land: 32,260 sq km
water: 3,720 sq km
note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
land: 32,260 sq km
water: 3,720 sq km
note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
Turkmenistan
total: 488,100 sq km
land: 469,930 sq km
water: 18,170 sq km
land: 469,930 sq km
water: 18,170 sq km
Land use
Katar
agricultural land: 5.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2018 est.)
other: 94.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2018 est.)
other: 94.4% (2018 est.)
Taiwan
agricultural land: 22.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)
other: 77.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)
other: 77.3% (2018 est.)
Turkmenistan
agricultural land: 72% (2018 est.)
arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)
other: 19.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)
other: 19.2% (2018 est.)
Location
Katar
Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Taiwan
Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
Turkmenistan
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Age structure
Katar
0-14 years: 13.08% (male 167,065/female 164,110)
15-64 years: 85.51% (male 1,757,982/female 407,120)
65 years and over: 1.41% (2023 est.) (male 23,544/female 12,283)
15-64 years: 85.51% (male 1,757,982/female 407,120)
65 years and over: 1.41% (2023 est.) (male 23,544/female 12,283)
Taiwan
0-14 years: 12.22% (male 1,482,120/female 1,399,336)
15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)
65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)
15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)
65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)
Turkmenistan
0-14 years: 24.63% (male 710,040/female 691,487)
15-64 years: 68.82% (male 1,943,930/female 1,972,723)
65 years and over: 6.55% (2023 est.) (male 163,121/female 209,517)
15-64 years: 68.82% (male 1,943,930/female 1,972,723)
65 years and over: 6.55% (2023 est.) (male 163,121/female 209,517)
Birth rate
Katar
9.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
7.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Turkmenistan
17.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Katar
1.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Turkmenistan
6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Katar
Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Taiwan
Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages
major-language sample(s):
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Turkmenistan
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
major-language sample(s):
Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Katar
total population: 80 years (2023 est.)
male: 77.9 years
female: 82.2 years
male: 77.9 years
female: 82.2 years
Taiwan
total population: 81.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 78.4 years
female: 84.5 years
male: 78.4 years
female: 84.5 years
Turkmenistan
total population: 72.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 69.1 years
female: 75.3 years
male: 69.1 years
female: 75.3 years
Major urban areas - population
Katar
798,000 Ar-Rayyan, 658,000 DOHA (capital) (2023)
Taiwan
4.504 million New Taipei City, 2.754 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.319 million Taoyuan, 1.553 million Kaohsiung, 1.369 million Taichung, 863,000 Tainan (2023)
Turkmenistan
902,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2023)
Median age
Katar
total: 34.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 35.5 years
female: 28.1 years
male: 35.5 years
female: 28.1 years
Taiwan
total: 44 years (2023 est.)
male: 43 years
female: 45 years
male: 43 years
female: 45 years
Turkmenistan
total: 30.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 30.2 years
female: 31.2 years
male: 30.2 years
female: 31.2 years
Turkmenistan
24.2 years (2019)
Net migration rate
Katar
0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Turkmenistan
-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Katar
most of the population is clustered in or around the capital of Doha on the eastern side of the peninsula
Taiwan
distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts
Turkmenistan
the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat
Population growth rate
Katar
0.86% (2023 est.)
Taiwan
0.03% (2023 est.)
Turkmenistan
0.95% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Katar
1.9 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Taiwan
1.09 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Turkmenistan
2.03 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Katar
urban population: 99.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.66% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.66% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Taiwan
urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Turkmenistan
urban population: 54% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Katar
3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
Taiwan
NA
Turkmenistan
3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Katar
total: 13 years
male: 12 years
female: 15 years (2021)
male: 12 years
female: 15 years (2021)
Turkmenistan
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2020)
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Katar
-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Taiwan
-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Turkmenistan
-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Katar
0.66% (2021 est.)
Taiwan
3.9% (2017 est.)
Turkmenistan
1% (2017 est.)
Labor force
Katar
1.977 million (2021 est.)
Taiwan
11.498 million (2020 est.)
Turkmenistan
1.998 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Katar
NA
Taiwan
1.5% (2012 est.)
Turkmenistan
0.2% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate
Katar
0.26% (2021 est.)
0.21% (2020 est.)
0.1% (2019 est.)
0.21% (2020 est.)
0.1% (2019 est.)
Taiwan
3.73% (2019 est.)
3.69% (2018 est.)
3.69% (2018 est.)
Turkmenistan
5.08% (2021 est.)
4.95% (2020 est.)
4.27% (2019 est.)
4.95% (2020 est.)
4.27% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Katar
53.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
46.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Taiwan
35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data for central government
36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data for central government
Turkmenistan
28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Katar
2.3% (2021 est.)
-2.54% (2020 est.)
-0.67% (2019 est.)
-2.54% (2020 est.)
-0.67% (2019 est.)
Taiwan
0.5% (2019 est.)
1.3% (2018 est.)
0.6% (2017 est.)
1.3% (2018 est.)
0.6% (2017 est.)
Turkmenistan
8% (2017 est.)
3.6% (2016 est.)
3.6% (2016 est.)
Exports
Katar
$105.549 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$70.933 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$92.046 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$70.933 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$92.046 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Taiwan
$388.49 billion (2019 est.)
$383.484 billion (2018 est.)
$382.736 billion (2017 est.)
$383.484 billion (2018 est.)
$382.736 billion (2017 est.)
Turkmenistan
$7.458 billion (2017 est.)
$6.987 billion (2016 est.)
$6.987 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - partners
Katar
China 13%, Japan 11%, India 11%, South Korea 10%, Singapore 6% (2021)
Taiwan
China 26%, United States 14%, Hong Kong 12%, Japan 7%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 5% (2019)
Turkmenistan
China 82% (2019)
Imports
Katar
$61.204 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$59.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$66.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$59.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$66.77 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Taiwan
$308.744 billion (2019 est.)
$305.428 billion (2018 est.)
$303.067 billion (2017 est.)
$305.428 billion (2018 est.)
$303.067 billion (2017 est.)
Turkmenistan
$4.571 billion (2017 est.)
$5.215 billion (2016 est.)
$5.215 billion (2016 est.)
Imports - partners
Katar
China 14%, United Arab Emirates 8%, United States 7%, United Kingdom 6%, India 6% (2021)
Taiwan
China 21%, Japan 16%, United States 11%, South Korea 6% (2019)
Turkmenistan
Turkey 25%, Russia 18%, China 14%, Germany 6% (2019)
Airports
Katar
6 (2021)
Taiwan
37 (2021)
Turkmenistan
26 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Katar
total: 296,126 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2020 est.)
Taiwan
total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
Turkmenistan
total: 10,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Katar
total: 2.7 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total: 21.6 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Turkmenistan
total: 1,563,023 (2022 est.)
percent of population: 25.3% (2022 est.)
percent of population: 25.3% (2022 est.)
Taiwan
total: 1,613.1 km (2018)
standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)
150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)
150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
Turkmenistan
total: 5,113 km (2017)
broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge
broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge
Roadways
Katar
total: 7,039 km (2016)
Taiwan
total: 43,206 km (2017)
paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)
unpaved: 413 km (2017)
paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)
unpaved: 413 km (2017)
Turkmenistan
total: 58,592 km (2002)
paved: 47,577 km (2002)
unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)
paved: 47,577 km (2002)
unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)
Telephones - fixed lines
Katar
total subscriptions: 460,240 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total subscriptions: 13 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)
Turkmenistan
total subscriptions: 800,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Katar
total subscriptions: 3,876,499 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 144 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 144 (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total subscriptions: 30 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Turkmenistan
total subscriptions: 6.3 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)
Turkmenistan
1,300 km (2011) (Amu Darya River and Kara Kum Canal are important inland waterways)
Disputes - international
Katar
none identified
Taiwan
Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Taiwan-China-Philippines: border dispute over the Scarborough Reef in the South China Sea; Scarborough Reef, like the Spratly Islands, is strategically located and is surrounded by abundant fishing grounds; it may also be ripe for oil and natural gas exploration
Taiwan-China-Vietnam: the Paracel Islands are occupied by China but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
Taiwan-Japan-China: in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan: in January 2021, the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea
Turkmenistan-Iran: none identified
Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan signed a treaty on the delimitation and demarcation process in 2001; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to their border in the Caspian Sea in 2014
Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan: in 2017, the three countries signed an agreement of the junction of their borders
Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan: cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management
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