Daten & Fakten
Tansania
Guyana
Sudan
Capital
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
name: Dodoma; note - Dodoma was designated the national capital in 1996; Dar es Salaam, the original national capital, is the country's largest city and commercial center
geographic coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Dodoma, in the native Gogo language, means "it has sunk"; supposedly, one day during the rainy season, an elephant drowned in the area; the villagers in that place were so struck by what had occurred, that ever since the locale has been referred to as the place where "it (the elephant) sunk"
geographic coordinates: 6 48 S, 39 17 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Dodoma, in the native Gogo language, means "it has sunk"; supposedly, one day during the rainy season, an elephant drowned in the area; the villagers in that place were so struck by what had occurred, that ever since the locale has been referred to as the place where "it (the elephant) sunk"
Guyana
name: Georgetown
geographic coordinates: 6 48 N, 58 09 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: when the British took possession of the town from the Dutch in 1812, they renamed it Georgetown in honor of King GEORGE III (1738-1820)
geographic coordinates: 6 48 N, 58 09 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: when the British took possession of the town from the Dutch in 1812, they renamed it Georgetown in honor of King GEORGE III (1738-1820)
Sudan
name: Khartoum
geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: several explanations of the name exist; two of the more plausible are that it is derived from Arabic "al-jartum" meaning "elephant's trunk" or "hose," and likely referring to the narrow strip of land extending between the Blue and White Niles; alternatively, the name could derive from the Dinka words "khar-tuom," indicating a "place where rivers meet"
geographic coordinates: 15 36 N, 32 32 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: several explanations of the name exist; two of the more plausible are that it is derived from Arabic "al-jartum" meaning "elephant's trunk" or "hose," and likely referring to the narrow strip of land extending between the Blue and White Niles; alternatively, the name could derive from the Dinka words "khar-tuom," indicating a "place where rivers meet"
Citizenship
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tanzania; if a child is born abroad, the father must be a citizen of Tanzania
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tanzania; if a child is born abroad, the father must be a citizen of Tanzania
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Guyana
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: na
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: na
Sudan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sudan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sudan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Legal system
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation
Guyana
common law system, based on the English model, with some Roman-Dutch civil law influence
Sudan
mixed legal system of Islamic law and English common law; note - in mid-July 2020, Sudan amended 15 provisions of its 1991 penal code
Suffrage
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
18 years of age; universal
Guyana
18 years of age; universal
Sudan
17 years of age; universal
Area
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 947,300 sq km
land: 885,800 sq km
water: 61,500 sq km
note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
land: 885,800 sq km
water: 61,500 sq km
note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Guyana
total: 214,969 sq km
land: 196,849 sq km
water: 18,120 sq km
land: 196,849 sq km
water: 18,120 sq km
Sudan
total: 1,861,484 sq km
land: 1,731,671 sq km
water: 129,813 sq km
land: 1,731,671 sq km
water: 129,813 sq km
Land use
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
agricultural land: 43.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 14.3% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 27.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 37.3% (2018 est.)
other: 19% (2018 est.)
arable land: 14.3% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 2.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 27.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 37.3% (2018 est.)
other: 19% (2018 est.)
Guyana
agricultural land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 77.4% (2018 est.)
other: 14.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 77.4% (2018 est.)
other: 14.2% (2018 est.)
Sudan
agricultural land: 100% (2018 est.)
arable land: 15.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 84.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2018 est.)
other: 0% (2018 est.)
arable land: 15.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 84.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2018 est.)
other: 0% (2018 est.)
Location
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Guyana
Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela
Sudan
north-eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Age structure
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
0-14 years: 41.5% (male 13,765,789/female 13,475,555)
15-64 years: 55.15% (male 18,076,988/female 18,123,677)
65 years and over: 3.35% (2023 est.) (male 933,786/female 1,266,887)
15-64 years: 55.15% (male 18,076,988/female 18,123,677)
65 years and over: 3.35% (2023 est.) (male 933,786/female 1,266,887)
Guyana
0-14 years: 23.65% (male 95,605/female 91,654)
15-64 years: 68.49% (male 281,157/female 261,113)
65 years and over: 7.86% (2023 est.) (male 27,269/female 34,941)
15-64 years: 68.49% (male 281,157/female 261,113)
65 years and over: 7.86% (2023 est.) (male 27,269/female 34,941)
Sudan
0-14 years: 40.47% (male 10,115,311/female 9,793,060)
15-64 years: 56.35% (male 13,774,002/female 13,946,621)
65 years and over: 3.19% (2023 est.) (male 814,480/female 754,081)
15-64 years: 56.35% (male 13,774,002/female 13,946,621)
65 years and over: 3.19% (2023 est.) (male 814,480/female 754,081)
Birth rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
32.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Guyana
16.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Sudan
33.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Guyana
7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Sudan
6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages; note - Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, Chanzo cha Lazima Kuhusu Habari ya Msingi. (Kiswahili)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Guyana
English (official), Guyanese Creole, Amerindian languages (including Caribbean and Arawak languages), Indian languages (including Caribbean Hindustani, a dialect of Hindi), Chinese (2014 est.)
Sudan
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, Fur
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)
Life expectancy at birth
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total population: 70.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 68.7 years
female: 72.3 years
male: 68.7 years
female: 72.3 years
Guyana
total population: 72.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 70.3 years
female: 74.1 years
male: 70.3 years
female: 74.1 years
Sudan
total population: 67.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 65.2 years
female: 69.8 years
male: 65.2 years
female: 69.8 years
Major urban areas - population
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.776 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.311 million Mwanza, 800,000 Zanzibar (2023)
Guyana
110,000 GEORGETOWN (capital) (2018)
Sudan
6.344 million KHARTOUM (capital), 1.057 million Nyala (2023)
Median age
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 18.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 18.7 years
female: 19.2 years
male: 18.7 years
female: 19.2 years
Guyana
total: 27.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 27.8 years
female: 28 years
male: 27.8 years
female: 28 years
Sudan
total: 19.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 18.8 years
female: 19.3 years
male: 18.8 years
female: 19.3 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
19.8 years (2015/16 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Guyana
20.8 years (2009 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29
Net migration rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Guyana
-7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Sudan
-1.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
the largest and most populous East African country; population distribution is extremely uneven, but greater population clusters occur in the northern half of country and along the east coast as shown in this population distribution map
Guyana
population is heavily concentrated in the northeast in and around Georgetown, with noteable concentrations along the Berbice River to the east; the remainder of the country is sparsely populated
Sudan
with the exception of a ribbon of settlement that corresponds to the banks of the Nile, northern Sudan, which extends into the dry Sahara, is sparsely populated; more abundant vegetation and broader access to water increases population distribution in the south extending habitable range along nearly the entire border with South Sudan; sizeable areas of population are found around Khartoum, southeast between the Blue and White Nile Rivers, and throughout South Darfur as shown on this population distribution map
Population growth rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
2.75% (2023 est.)
Guyana
0.28% (2023 est.)
Sudan
2.55% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
4.33 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Guyana
2.06 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Sudan
4.54 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
urban population: 37.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Guyana
urban population: 27.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Sudan
urban population: 36.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
3.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Guyana
4.5% of GDP (2018 est.)
Sudan
NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 9 years
male: 9 years
female: 9 years (2021)
male: 9 years
female: 9 years (2021)
Guyana
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2012)
male: 11 years
female: 12 years (2012)
Sudan
total: 8 years
male: 8 years
female: 7 years (2015)
male: 8 years
female: 7 years (2015)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
-1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Guyana
-4.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Sudan
-10.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
6.5% (2021 est.)
Guyana
33.52% (2021 est.)
Sudan
-0.7% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
29.863 million (2021 est.)
Guyana
299,300 (2021 est.)
Sudan
12.921 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
26.4% (2017 est.)
Guyana
35% (2006 est.)
Sudan
46.5% (2009 est.)
Unemployment rate
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
2.65% (2021 est.)
2.53% (2020 est.)
2.22% (2019 est.)
2.53% (2020 est.)
2.22% (2019 est.)
Guyana
16.42% (2021 est.)
16.43% (2020 est.)
13.99% (2019 est.)
16.43% (2020 est.)
13.99% (2019 est.)
Sudan
19.81% (2021 est.)
19.65% (2020 est.)
17.65% (2019 est.)
19.65% (2020 est.)
17.65% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
37% of GDP (2017 est.)
38% of GDP (2016 est.)
38% of GDP (2016 est.)
Guyana
52.2% of GDP (2017 est.)
50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
50.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Sudan
121.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
99.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
3.69% (2021 est.)
3.29% (2020 est.)
3.46% (2019 est.)
3.29% (2020 est.)
3.46% (2019 est.)
Guyana
5.03% (2021 est.)
0.99% (2020 est.)
2.09% (2019 est.)
0.99% (2020 est.)
2.09% (2019 est.)
Sudan
382.82% (2021 est.)
150.32% (2020 est.)
50.99% (2019 est.)
150.32% (2020 est.)
50.99% (2019 est.)
Exports
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
$8.555 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$9.659 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.307 billion (2018 est.)
$9.659 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.307 billion (2018 est.)
Guyana
$4.64 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$2.799 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.805 billion (2019 est.)
$2.799 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.805 billion (2019 est.)
Sudan
$5.916 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.101 billion (2019 est.)
$5.065 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.101 billion (2019 est.)
Exports - partners
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
India 15%, United Arab Emirates 15%, Switzerland 14%, Uganda 12%, China 7% (2020)
Guyana
United States 40%, Singapore 14%, United Arab Emirates 6%, United Kingdom 6%, Barbados 6% (2021)
Sudan
United Arab Emirates 31%, China 19%, Saudi Arabia 14%, India 12%, Egypt 5% (2019)
Imports
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
$9.181 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$10.576 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$10.399 billion (2018 est.)
$10.576 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$10.399 billion (2018 est.)
Guyana
$6.611 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$3.756 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.025 billion (2019 est.)
$3.756 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.025 billion (2019 est.)
Sudan
$9.788 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$10.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$9.787 billion (2019 est.)
$10.52 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$9.787 billion (2019 est.)
Imports - partners
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
China 34%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 14%, India 12%, United Arab Emirates 6%, South Africa 3% (2020)
Guyana
Singapore 33%, United States 19%, Trinidad and Tobago 12%, China 8%, Brazil 2% (2021)
Sudan
China 31%, India 14%, United Arab Emirates 11%, Egypt 6% (2019)
Airports
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
166 (2021)
Guyana
117 (2021)
Sudan
67 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 1,135,608 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)
Guyana
total: 95,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2020 est.)
Sudan
total: 28,782 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 20.48 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 32% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 32% (2021 est.)
Guyana
total: 680,000 (2021 est.)
percent of population: 85% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 85% (2021 est.)
Sudan
total: 13.248 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 28.8% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 28.8% (2021 est.)
Railways
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 4,097 km (2022)
standard gauge: 421 km (2022)
narrow gauge: 969 km (2022) 1.067 m gauge
broad gauge: 2,707 km (2022) 1.000 m guage
standard gauge: 421 km (2022)
narrow gauge: 969 km (2022) 1.067 m gauge
broad gauge: 2,707 km (2022) 1.000 m guage
Sudan
total: 7,251 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 5,851 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations
narrow gauge: 5,851 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations
Roadways
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total: 145,203 km (2022)
paved: 11,201 km (2022)
unpaved: 134,002 km (2022)
paved: 11,201 km (2022)
unpaved: 134,002 km (2022)
Guyana
total: 3,995 km (2019)
paved: 799 km (2019)
unpaved: 3,196 km (2019)
paved: 799 km (2019)
unpaved: 3,196 km (2019)
Sudan
total: 31,000 km (2019)
paved: 8,000 km (2019)
unpaved: 23,000 km (2019)
urban: 1,000 km (2019)
paved: 8,000 km (2019)
unpaved: 23,000 km (2019)
urban: 1,000 km (2019)
Telephones - fixed lines
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total subscriptions: 72,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
Guyana
total subscriptions: 130,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2021 est.)
Sudan
total subscriptions: 129,408 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
total subscriptions: 54 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 85 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 85 (2021 est.)
Guyana
total subscriptions: 860,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)
Sudan
total subscriptions: 16,688,773 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
1,594 km (2022) (Lake Tanganyika 673 km, Lake Victoria 337 km, and Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) 584 km are the principal avenues of commerce with neighboring countries; the rivers are not navigable)
Guyana
330 km (2012) (the Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km respectively)
Sudan
4,068 km (2011) (1,723 km open year-round on White and Blue Nile Rivers)
Disputes - international
Vereinigte Republik Tansania
Tanzania-Burundi: none identified
Tanzania-Democratic Republic of the Congo: none identified
Tanzania-Kenya: none identified
Tanzania-Malawi: dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River; Malawi contends that the entire lake up to the Tanzanian shoreline is its territory, while Tanzania claims the border is in the center of the lake
Tanzania-Mozambique: none identified
Tanzania-Rwanda: none identified
Tanzania-Uganda: none identified
Guyana
Guyana-Venezuela: Venezuela claims all of the area west of the Essequibo River and maintains that Guyana does not have jurisdiction to grant concessions in maritime areas off the Essequibo, waters which are potentially rich in hydrocarbon resources; Guyana submitted the dispute to the International Court of Justice in 2018; in December 2023, the Venezuelan Government conducted a public referendum asking its citizens to support establishing a state in the disputed territory, granting citizenship to current and future area residents, and rejecting the jurisdiction of the ICJ
Guyana-Suriname: Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari Rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne River
Guyana-Suriname: Suriname claims a triangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari Rivers in a historic dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne River
Sudan
Sudan-Central African Republic: periodic violent skirmishes persist among related pastoral populations along the border with the Central African Republic over water and grazing rights; Sudan closed its border with the Central African Republic in January 2022 due to security concerns
Sudan-Chad: Chad wants to be a helpful mediator in resolving the Darfur conflict, and in 2010 established a joint border monitoring force with Sudan, which has helped to reduce cross-border banditry and violence; however, since the August 2020 Juba Peace Agreement between the Sudanese Government and the Sudanese Revolutionary Front and the termination of the UN’s peacekeeping mission, UNAMID, at the end of 2020, violence continues to break out over land and water access
Sudan-Egypt: Sudan claims, but Egypt de facto administers, security and economic development of the Halaib region north of the 22nd parallel boundary
Sudan-Eritrea: none identified
Sudan-Ethiopia: civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia; clashes continue between Sudan and Ethiopia over al-Fashaga, a fertile piece of land inhabited by Ethiopian farmers for years until the Sudanese army expelled them in December 2020, claiming the land belonged to Sudan based on colonial-era maps from over 100 years ago; in February, 2022, the two countries were discussing resuming talks over the border conflict; Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Sudan is concerned the dam will reduce the flow of water into the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023
Sudan-Libya: none identified
Sudan-South Sudan: the South Sudan-Sudan boundary represents 1 January 1956 alignment, final alignment pending negotiations and demarcation; final sovereignty status of Abyei area pending negotiations between South Sudan and Sudan; clashes continue in the oil-rich Abyei region; the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has been deployed since 2011, when South Sudan became independent; the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) has condemned renewed clashes on 23 September 2022 between the Twik and Ngok Dinka communities taking place in Agok, 28 kilometres from Abyei town
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