Capital

Bahrain

name: Manama

geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-manama" meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"

Citizenship

Bahrain

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals

Legal system

Bahrain

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law

Suffrage

Bahrain

20 years of age; universal

Area

Bahrain

total: 760 sq km

land: 760 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Land use

Bahrain

agricultural land: 11.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 0.7% (2018 est.)

other: 88% (2018 est.)

Location

Bahrain

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

Age structure

Bahrain

0-14 years: 18.14% (male 142,866/female 139,083)

15-64 years: 77.83% (male 759,539/female 449,848)

65 years and over: 4.03% (2023 est.) (male 32,162/female 30,388)

Birth rate

Bahrain

12.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Bahrain

2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Bahrain

Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Bahrain

total population: 80.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 77.9 years

female: 82.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Bahrain

709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)

Median age

Bahrain

total: 33.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 34.6 years

female: 31 years

Net migration rate

Bahrain

-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Bahrain

smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq

Population growth rate

Bahrain

0.85% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Bahrain

1.66 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Bahrain

urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Bahrain

2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Bahrain

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2019)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Bahrain

-10.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Bahrain

0.4% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Bahrain

819,100 (2021 est.)

note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national

Population below poverty line

Bahrain

NA

Unemployment rate

Bahrain

1.87% (2021 est.)

1.78% (2020 est.)

1.2% (2019 est.)

note: official estimate; actual rate is higher

Public debt

Bahrain

88.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Bahrain

-0.61% (2021 est.)

-2.32% (2020 est.)

1.01% (2019 est.)

Exports

Bahrain

$35.235 billion (2021 est.)

$30.097 billion (2018 est.)

$26.732 billion (2017 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates 17%, Saudi Arabia 16%, United States 7%, Japan 7%, India 4% (2021)

Imports

Bahrain

$27.577 billion (2021 est.)

$27.187 billion (2018 est.)

$23.876 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates 24%, Saudi Arabia 15%, Brazil 12%, China 9%, India 6% (2021)

Airports

Bahrain

4 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Bahrain

total: 148,928 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Bahrain

total: 1.5 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)

Roadways

Bahrain

total: 4,122 km (2010)

paved: 3,392 km (2010)

unpaved: 730 km (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines

Bahrain

total subscriptions: 266,741 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Bahrain

total subscriptions: 1,923,443 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 131 (2021 est.)

Disputes - international

Bahrain

none identified