Capital

Georgien

name: Tbilisi

geographic coordinates: 41 41 N, 44 50 E

time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name in Georgian means "warm place," referring to the numerous sulfuric hot springs in the area

Italien

name: Rome

geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 29 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city and its first king

Sambia

name: Lusaka

geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: named after a village called Lusaka, located at Manda Hill, near where Zambia's National Assembly building currently stands; the village was named after a headman (chief) LUSAKASA

Citizenship

Georgien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Italien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Italy

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years for EU nationals, 5 years for refugees and specified exceptions, 10 years for all others

Sambia

citizenship by birth: only if at least one parent is a citizen of Zambia

citizenship by descent only: yes, if at least one parent was a citizen of Zambia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years for those with an ancestor who was a citizen of Zambia, otherwise 10 years residency is required

Legal system

Georgien

civil law system

Italien

civil law system; judicial review of legislation under certain conditions in Constitutional Court

Sambia

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law

Suffrage

Georgien

18 years of age; universal

Italien

18 years of age; universal except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25

Sambia

18 years of age; universal

Area

Georgien

total: 69,700 sq km

land: 69,700 sq km

water: 0 sq km

note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti

Italien

total: 301,340 sq km

land: 294,140 sq km

water: 7,200 sq km

note: includes Sardinia and Sicily

Sambia

total: 752,618 sq km

land: 743,398 sq km

water: 9,220 sq km

Land use

Georgien

agricultural land: 35.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 5.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 39.4% (2018 est.)

other: 25.1% (2018 est.)

Italien

agricultural land: 47.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 8.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 31.4% (2018 est.)

other: 21.5% (2018 est.)

Sambia

agricultural land: 31.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 26.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 66.3% (2018 est.)

other: 2% (2018 est.)

Location

Georgien

Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Italien

Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia

Sambia

Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Age structure

Georgien

0-14 years: 18.41% (male 468,459/female 440,195)

15-64 years: 63.65% (male 1,543,748/female 1,598,047)

65 years and over: 17.95% (2023 est.) (male 348,822/female 537,119)

Italien

0-14 years: 12.08% (male 3,772,041/female 3,600,946)

15-64 years: 64.61% (male 19,430,217/female 19,997,042)

65 years and over: 23.31% (2023 est.) (male 6,248,663/female 7,972,946)

Sambia

0-14 years: 42.49% (male 4,334,425/female 4,255,464)

15-64 years: 54.77% (male 5,529,526/female 5,541,857)

65 years and over: 2.74% (2023 est.) (male 250,984/female 303,773)

Birth rate

Georgien

12.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Italien

7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Sambia

34.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Georgien

13.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Italien

11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Sambia

6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Georgien

Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1%; note - Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia (2014 est.)

major-language sample(s):
მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Italien

Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

major-language sample(s):
L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Sambia

Bemba 33.4%, Nyanja 14.7%, Tonga 11.4%, Lozi 5.5%, Chewa 4.5%, Nsenga 2.9%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (North Western) 1.9%, Kaonde 1.8%, Lala 1.8%, Lamba 1.8%, English (official) 1.7%, Luvale 1.5%, Mambwe 1.3%, Namwanga 1.2%, Lenje 1.1%, Bisa 1%, other 9.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2010 est.)

note: Zambia is said to have over 70 languages, although many of these may be considered dialects; all of Zambia's major languages are members of the Bantu family; Chewa and Nyanja are mutually intelligible dialects

Life expectancy at birth

Georgien

total population: 72.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 68.3 years

female: 76.6 years

Italien

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.3 years

Sambia

total population: 66.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 64.9 years

female: 68.4 years

Major urban areas - population

Georgien

1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)

Italien

4.316 million ROME (capital), 3.155 million Milan, 2.179 million Naples, 1.802 million Turin, 913,000 Bergamo, 850,000 Palermo (2023)

Sambia

3.181 million LUSAKA (capital), 763,000 Kitwe (2023)

Median age

Georgien

total: 38 years (2023 est.)

male: 35.6 years

female: 40.4 years

Italien

total: 48.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 47 years

female: 49.1 years

Sambia

total: 18.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 18 years

female: 18.4 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Georgien

25.9 years (2019 est.)

note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Italien

31.4 years (2020 est.)

Sambia

19.2 years (2018 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Net migration rate

Georgien

-4.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Italien

3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Sambia

0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Georgien

settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest

Italien

despite a distinctive pattern with an industrial north and an agrarian south, a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples), attracting larger and denser populations

Sambia

one of the highest levels of urbanization in Africa; high density in the central area, particularly around the cities of Lusaka, Ndola, Kitwe, and Mufulira as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

Georgien

-0.57% (2023 est.)

Italien

-0.11% (2023 est.)

Sambia

2.86% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Georgien

1.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Italien

1.24 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Sambia

4.49 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Georgien

urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Italien

urban population: 72% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Sambia

urban population: 46.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Georgien

3.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Italien

4.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Sambia

3.7% of GDP (2020)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Georgien

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 16 years (2021)

Italien

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Georgien

-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Italien

-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Sambia

-7.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Georgien

2.4% (2021 est.)

Italien

13.46% (2021 est.)

Sambia

4.18% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Georgien

1.724 million (2021 est.)

Italien

25.012 million (2021 est.)

Sambia

8.113 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Georgien

19.5% (2019 est.)

Italien

20.1% (2018 est.)

Sambia

54.4% (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

Georgien

10.66% (2021 est.)

18.5% (2020 est.)

11.57% (2019 est.)

Italien

9.83% (2021 est.)

9.16% (2020 est.)

9.95% (2019 est.)

Sambia

13.03% (2021 est.)

12.85% (2020 est.)

12.52% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Georgien

65.88% of GDP (2020 est.)

45.15% of GDP (2019 est.)

38.89% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities; Georgia does not maintain intragovernmental debt or social funds

Italien

131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

132% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds

Sambia

103.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

61.93% of GDP (2019 est.)

59.71% of GDP (2018 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Georgien

9.57% (2021 est.)

5.2% (2020 est.)

4.85% (2019 est.)

Italien

1.87% (2021 est.)

-0.14% (2020 est.)

0.61% (2019 est.)

Sambia

22.02% (2021 est.)

15.73% (2020 est.)

9.15% (2019 est.)

Exports

Georgien

$8.086 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.927 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$9.546 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Italien

$687.948 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$559.952 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$636.153 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Sambia

$11.716 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.558 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.258 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Georgien

Russia 12%, Azerbaijan 12%, Armenia 9%, Bulgaria 8%, China 6%, Turkey 6%, Ukraine 6% (2019)

Italien

Germany 12%, France 11%, United States 10%, United Kingdom 5%, Spain 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)

Sambia

Switzerland 32%, China 14%, Namibia 12%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9%, Singapore 8% (2020)

Imports

Georgien

$11.151 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$11.162 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Italien

$637.934 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$490.684 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$568.796 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Sambia

$7.701 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.049 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.036 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Georgien

Turkey 17%, China 11%, Russia 9%, Azerbaijan 6%, United States 6%, Germany 5% (2019)

Italien

Germany 16%, France 9%, China 7%, Spain 5%, Netherlands 5%, Belgium 5% (2019)

Sambia

South Africa 31%, China 16%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6%, India 5% (2020)

Airports

Georgien

22 (2021)

Italien

129 (2021)

Sambia

88 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Georgien

total: 986,809 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2021 est.)

Italien

total: 18,128,787 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)

Sambia

total: 82,317 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.5 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Georgien

total: 2.888 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 76% (2021 est.)

Italien

total: 44.25 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 75% (2021 est.)

Sambia

total: 3.99 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 21% (2021 est.)

Railways

Georgien

total: 1,363 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified)

broad gauge: 1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)

Italien

total: 18,475 km (2020) 12,936 km electrified

1289.3 0.950-mm gauge (151.3 km electrified)

Sambia

total: 3,126 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 3,126 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

note: includes 1,860 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA)

Roadways

Georgien

total: 20,295 km (2018)

Italien

total: 487,700 km (2007)

paved: 487,700 km (2007) (includes 6,700 km of expressways)

Sambia

total: 67,671 km (2018)

paved: 14,888 km (2018)

unpaved: 52,783 km (2018)

Telephones - fixed lines

Georgien

total subscriptions: 337,923 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2021 est.)

Italien

total subscriptions: 19,994,902 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2021 est.)

Sambia

total subscriptions: 66,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1

Telephones - mobile cellular

Georgien

total subscriptions: 5,163,558 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 137 (2021 est.)

Italien

total subscriptions: 78,114,933 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2021 est.)

Sambia

total subscriptions: 20 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)

Italien

2,400 km (2012) (used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared to road and rail)

Sambia

2,250 km (2010) (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula Rivers)

Disputes - international

Georgien

Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; Russia maintains military bases and troops in Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Italien

Italy-Austria-Switzerland: borders are shifting because glacier peaks that had served as a natural boundary are melting

Sambia

Zambia-Angola: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary

Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto

Zambia-Tanzania: some drug smuggling may take place across the Zambia-Tanzania border; there are no known current territorial issues, as both states have continued to recognize the colonial boundaries last modified in 1937; the boundary in Lake Tanganyika remains undefined.

Zambia-Zimbabwe: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase