Capital

Singapur

name: Singapore

geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E

time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pura (city), thus creating the city's epithet "lion city"

Citizenship

Singapur

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Legal system

Singapur

English common law

Suffrage

Singapur

21 years of age; universal and compulsory

Area

Singapur

total: 719 sq km

land: 709.2 sq km

water: 10 sq km

Land use

Singapur

agricultural land: 1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 3.3% (2018 est.)

other: 95.7% (2018 est.)

Location

Singapur

Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia

Age structure

Singapur

0-14 years: 14.82% (male 458,019/female 427,364)

15-64 years: 71.49% (male 2,148,471/female 2,123,102)

65 years and over: 13.7% (2023 est.) (male 379,373/female 439,054)

Birth rate

Singapur

8.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Singapur

4.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Singapur

English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4%; note - data represent language most frequently spoken at home (2020 est.)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

世界概況  –  不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)

Life expectancy at birth

Singapur

total population: 86.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 83.8 years

female: 89.3 years

Major urban areas - population

Singapur

6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)

Median age

Singapur

total: 38.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 37.7 years

female: 40.1 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Singapur

30.5 years (2015 est.)

note: data represents median age

Net migration rate

Singapur

4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Singapur

most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas

Population growth rate

Singapur

0.9% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Singapur

1.17 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Singapur

urban population: 100% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Singapur

2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Singapur

total: 17 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Singapur

-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Singapur

13.32% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Singapur

3.29 million (2021 est.)

note: excludes non-residents

Population below poverty line

Singapur

NA

Unemployment rate

Singapur

3.62% (2021 est.)

4.1% (2020 est.)

3.1% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Singapur

153.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

128.31% of GDP (2019 est.)

110.73% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Singapur

2.3% (2021 est.)

-0.18% (2020 est.)

0.57% (2019 est.)

Exports

Singapur

$733.782 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$627.442 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$658.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Singapur

China 16%, Hong Kong 16%, United States 8%, Malaysia 9%, Indonesia 5% (2021)

Imports

Singapur

$609.28 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$517.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$550.209 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Singapur

China 15%, Malaysia 14%, Taiwan 9%, United States 9%, Japan 5% (2021)

Airports

Singapur

9 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Singapur

total: 1,509,700 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Singapur

total: 5.369 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)

Roadways

Singapur

total: 3,500 km (2017)

paved: 3,500 km (2017) (includes 164 km of expressways)

Telephones - fixed lines

Singapur

total subscriptions: 1,887,500 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Singapur

total subscriptions: 8,660,700 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 146 (2021 est.)

Disputes - international

Singapur

piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait

Singapore-Indonesia: Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; subsequent treaties were signed in 2009 (ratified in 2010) and 2014 (ratified in 2017) settling the two countries’ boundaries in the Singapore Strait

Singapore-Malaysia: disputes with Malaysia over territorial waters, airspace, the price of fresh water delivered to Singapore from Malaysia, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, the International Court of Justice awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge, which is only visible at low tide

https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/singapore-and-indonesia-signed-landmark-maritime-boundary-treaty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Singapore_border

https://www.iseas.edu.sg/media/commentaries/indonesia-ratifies-maritime-border-treaty-with-singapore-a-commentary-by-mustafa-izzuddin/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute

https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Malaysia-in-transition/Singapore-and-Malaysia-make-major-breakthrough-in-maritime-dispute

https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/the-1962-johor-singapore-water-agreement-lessons-learned/