Capital

Armenien

name: Yerevan

geographic coordinates: 40 10 N, 44 30 E

time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name likely derives from the ancient Urartian fortress of Erebuni established on the current site of Yerevan in 782 B.C. and whose impressive ruins still survive

Citizenship

Armenien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Armenia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Legal system

Armenien

civil law system

Suffrage

Armenien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Armenien

total: 29,743 sq km

land: 28,203 sq km

water: 1,540 sq km

Land use

Armenien

agricultural land: 59.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 15.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42% (2018 est.)

forest: 9.1% (2018 est.)

other: 31.2% (2018 est.)

Location

Armenien

Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Age structure

Armenien

0-14 years: 17.98% (male 282,055/female 255,313)

15-64 years: 67.53% (male 999,784/female 1,018,891)

65 years and over: 14.49% (2023 est.) (male 178,824/female 254,224)

Birth rate

Armenien

10.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Armenien

9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Armenien

Armenian (official) 97.9%, Kurmanji (spoken by Yezidi minority) 1%, other 1.1%; note - Russian is widely spoken (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Աշխարհի Փաստագիրք, Անփոխարինելի Աղբյւր Հիմնական Տեղեկատվւթյան. (Armenian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Armenien

total population: 76.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 73.1 years

female: 79.9 years

Major urban areas - population

Armenien

1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023)

Median age

Armenien

total: 38.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 36.9 years

female: 39.8 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Armenien

25.2 years (2019 est.)

Net migration rate

Armenien

-5.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Armenien

most of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the capital of Yerevan is home to more than five times as many people as Gyumri, the second largest city in the country

Population growth rate

Armenien

-0.4% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Armenien

1.65 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Armenien

urban population: 63.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Armenien

2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Armenien

total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 14 years (2021)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Armenien

-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Armenien

3.4% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Armenien

1.153 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Armenien

26.4% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Armenien

20.9% (2021 est.)

21.21% (2020 est.)

18.3% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Armenien

63.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

50.03% of GDP (2019 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Armenien

7.18% (2021 est.)

1.21% (2020 est.)

1.44% (2019 est.)

Exports

Armenien

$5.012 billion (2021 est.)

$3.818 billion (2020 est.)

$5.794 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Armenien

Russia 22%, Switzerland 20%, China 7%, Bulgaria 6%, Iraq 5%, Serbia 5%, Netherlands 5%, Germany 5% (2019)

Imports

Armenien

$6.12 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.082 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.603 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Armenien

Russia 29%, China 10%, Georgia 8%, Iran 6%, Turkey 5% (2019)

Airports

Armenien

7 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Armenien

total: 430,407 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Armenien

total: 2.212 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)

Railways

Armenien

total: 686 km (2017)

Roadways

Armenien

total: 7,700 km (2019)

urban: 3,780 km

non-urban: 3,920 km

Telephones - fixed lines

Armenien

total subscriptions: 418,122 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Armenien

total subscriptions: 3,599,278 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 129 (2021 est.)

Disputes - international

Armenien

local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders

Armenia-Azerbaijan: tensions existed for years over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan; Azerbaijan seized part of the enclave during six weeks of fighting in 2020 and the remainder in a short conflict in September 2023; in October 2023, Baku and Yerevan began preliminary discussions on a peace treaty, the demarcation of borders, and full normalization of relations; nevertheless, concerns persist in Armenia that Azerbaijan could invade in order to force the establishment of a transit corridor to the exclave of Naxicvan (Nakhichevan) 

Armenia-Georgia: Georgians restrict Armenian access into Samtse-Javakheti ethnic Armenian areas; Armenia has made no claims to the region

Armenia-Iran: none identified

Armenia-Turkey: as of 2023, Turkey and Armenia were discussing normalizing relations