Capital

Rumänien

name: Bucharest

geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: related to the Romanian word "bucura" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is "to be glad (happy)"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to "city of joy"

Citizenship

Rumänien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Rumänien

civil law system

Suffrage

Rumänien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Rumänien

total: 238,391 sq km

land: 229,891 sq km

water: 8,500 sq km

Land use

Rumänien

agricultural land: 60.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 28.7% (2018 est.)

other: 10.6% (2018 est.)

Location

Rumänien

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine

Age structure

Rumänien

0-14 years: 15.63% (male 1,472,449/female 1,391,671)

15-64 years: 62.13% (male 5,689,908/female 5,696,224)

65 years and over: 22.24% (2023 est.) (male 1,682,695/female 2,393,380)

Birth rate

Rumänien

8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Rumänien

14.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Rumänien

Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond

major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Rumänien

total population: 76.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.9 years

female: 80 years

Major urban areas - population

Rumänien

1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)

Median age

Rumänien

total: 45.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 43.6 years

female: 46.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Rumänien

27.1 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Rumänien

-3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Rumänien

urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania

Population growth rate

Rumänien

-1.01% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Rumänien

1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Rumänien

urban population: 54.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Rumänien

3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Rumänien

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Rumänien

-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Rumänien

4.07% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Rumänien

8.381 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Rumänien

23.8% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Rumänien

5.17% (2021 est.)

5.03% (2020 est.)

3.91% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Rumänien

57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)

43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)

42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Rumänien

5.05% (2021 est.)

2.63% (2020 est.)

3.83% (2019 est.)

Exports

Rumänien

$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Rumänien

Germany 22%, Italy 10%, France 7% (2019)

Imports

Rumänien

$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Rumänien

Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019)

Airports

Rumänien

45 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Rumänien

total: 5,684,782 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Rumänien

total: 15.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 84% (2021 est.)

Railways

Rumänien

total: 10,628 km (2020) 4,030 km electrified

Roadways

Rumänien

total: 84,185 km (2012)

paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)

unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines

Rumänien

total subscriptions: 2.606 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Rumänien

total subscriptions: 22.929 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Rumänien

1,731 km (2010) (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals)

Disputes - international

Rumänien

Romania-Bulgaria: none identified

Romania-Hungary: none identified

Romania-Moldova: none identified

Romania-Serbia: none identified

Romania-Ukraine: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta