Capital

Australien

name: Canberra

geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E

time difference: UTC+10 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April

time zone note: Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)

etymology: the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area "Nganbra" or "Nganbira"

Kolumbien

name: Bogota

geographic coordinates: 4 36 N, 74 05 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: originally referred to as "Bacata," meaning "enclosure outside of the farm fields," by the indigenous Muisca

Citizenship

Australien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years

Kolumbien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Colombia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Australien

common law system based on the English model

Kolumbien

civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes

Suffrage

Australien

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Kolumbien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Australien

total: 7,741,220 sq km

land: 7,682,300 sq km

water: 58,920 sq km

note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island

Kolumbien

total: 1,138,910 sq km

land: 1,038,700 sq km

water: 100,210 sq km

note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank

Land use

Australien

agricultural land: 46.65% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)

forest: 17.42% (2018 est.)

other: 33.42% (2018 est.)

Kolumbien

agricultural land: 37.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 1.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 34.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 54.4% (2018 est.)

other: 8.1% (2018 est.)

Location

Australien

Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean

Kolumbien

Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama

Age structure

Australien

0-14 years: 18.43% (male 2,515,636/female 2,359,859)

15-64 years: 64.89% (male 8,602,204/female 8,568,004)

65 years and over: 16.69% (2023 est.) (male 2,034,383/female 2,381,080)

Kolumbien

0-14 years: 22.45% (male 5,663,590/female 5,413,209)

15-64 years: 66.66% (male 16,066,724/female 16,820,068)

65 years and over: 10.89% (2023 est.) (male 2,367,369/female 3,005,494)

Birth rate

Australien

12.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kolumbien

15.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Australien

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kolumbien

7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Australien

English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent language spoken at home

Kolumbien

Spanish (official) and 65 Amerindian languages

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Australien

total population: 83.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.1 years

female: 85.5 years

Kolumbien

total population: 74.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 71.3 years

female: 78.7 years

Major urban areas - population

Australien

5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023)

Kolumbien

11.508 million BOGOTA (capital), 4.102 million Medellin, 2.864 million Cali, 2.349 million Barranquilla, 1.381 million Bucaramanga, 1.088 million Cartagena (2023)

Median age

Australien

total: 37.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 36.8 years

female: 39 years

Kolumbien

total: 32.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 31.2 years

female: 33.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Australien

28.7 years (2019 est.)

Kolumbien

21.7 years (2015 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Net migration rate

Australien

6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kolumbien

-1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Australien

population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population

Kolumbien

the majority of people live in the north and west where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated

Population growth rate

Australien

1.19% (2023 est.)

Kolumbien

0.54% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Australien

1.73 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Kolumbien

1.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Australien

urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island

Kolumbien

urban population: 82.4% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Australien

6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Kolumbien

4.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Australien

total: 21 years

male: 20 years

female: 22 years (2020)

Kolumbien

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Australien

-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Kolumbien

-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Australien

-0.55% (2021 est.)

Kolumbien

9.65% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Australien

13.786 million (2021 est.)

Kolumbien

26.137 million (2021 est.)

Kolumbien

35.7% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Australien

5.11% (2021 est.)

6.46% (2020 est.)

5.16% (2019 est.)

Kolumbien

14.34% (2021 est.)

15.04% (2020 est.)

9.96% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Australien

69.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

60.25% of GDP (2019 est.)

54.49% of GDP (2018 est.)

Kolumbien

90.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

72.7% of GDP (2019 est.)

71.65% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Australien

2.86% (2021 est.)

0.85% (2020 est.)

1.61% (2019 est.)

Kolumbien

3.5% (2021 est.)

2.53% (2020 est.)

3.52% (2019 est.)

Exports

Australien

$389.794 billion (2021 est.)

$300.77 billion (2020 est.)

$342.485 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Kolumbien

$50.793 billion (2021 est.)

$38.224 billion (2020 est.)

$51.324 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Australien

China 40%, Japan 14%, South Korea 9%, India 6%, Taiwan 4% (2021)

Kolumbien

United States 31%, China 11%, Panama 6%, Ecuador 5% (2019)

Imports

Australien

$298.712 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$250.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$295.504 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kolumbien

$70.84 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$51.312 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$65.47 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Australien

China 28%, United States 10%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, Thailand 5% (2021)

Kolumbien

United States 27%, China 20%, Mexico 7%, Brazil 6% (2019)

Airports

Australien

418 (2021)

Kolumbien

836 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Australien

total: 9,099,619 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2020 est.)

Kolumbien

total: 7,764,772 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Australien

total: 24.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Kolumbien

total: 37.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 73% (2021 est.)

Railways

Australien

total: 36,064 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified

standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm

narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm

broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm

Kolumbien

total: 2,141 km (2019)

standard gauge: 150 km (2019) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,991 km (2019) 0.914-m gauge

Roadways

Australien

total: 873,573 km (2015)

urban: 145,928 km (2015)

non-urban: 727,645 km (2015)

Kolumbien

total: 205,379 km (2019)

Telephones - fixed lines

Australien

total subscriptions: 4.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Kolumbien

total subscriptions: 7.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Australien

total subscriptions: 27.09 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2021 est.)

Kolumbien

total subscriptions: 75 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 150 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Australien

2,000 km (2011) (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling River systems)

Kolumbien

24,725 km (2019) (18,225 km navigable; the most important waterway, the River Magdalena, of which 1,092 km is navigable, is dredged regularly to ensure safe passage of cargo vessels and container barges)

Disputes - international

Australien

Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef 

Kolumbien

in December 2007, ICJ allocated San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank