Capital

Österreich

name: Vienna

geographic coordinates: 48 12 N, 16 22 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the origin of the name is disputed but may derive from early Celtic settlements of the area; a plausible reconstructed Celtic name from several centuries B.C. is Vedunia (meaning "forest stream"), which in Old High German became uuenia (wenia), and later wien (its current German form) in New High German; another possibility is that the name stems from the Roman settlement Vindobona, established around 15 B.C., and its Celtic-derived name (likely from the Celtic windo, meaning "white, fair, or bright" and bona meaning "base, fortification, or settlement" to give a connotation of "white settlement" or "white fort"); archeological remains of the latter survive at many sites in the center of Vienna

Tadschikistan

name: Dushanbe

geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)

Citizenship

Österreich

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Tadschikistan

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

Legal system

Österreich

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court

Tadschikistan

civil law system

Suffrage

Österreich

16 years of age; universal

Tadschikistan

18 years of age; universal

Area

Österreich

total: 83,871 sq km

land: 82,445 sq km

water: 1,426 sq km

Tadschikistan

total: 144,100 sq km

land: 141,510 sq km

water: 2,590 sq km

Land use

Österreich

agricultural land: 38.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 16.5% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 47.2% (2018 est.)

other: 14.4% (2018 est.)

Tadschikistan

agricultural land: 34.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 2.9% (2018 est.)

other: 62.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Österreich

Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

Tadschikistan

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Age structure

Österreich

0-14 years: 14.08% (male 645,660/female 613,399)

15-64 years: 65.11% (male 2,914,056/female 2,907,233)

65 years and over: 20.81% (2023 est.) (male 820,022/female 1,040,490)

Tadschikistan

0-14 years: 29.98% (male 1,411,335/female 1,360,882)

15-64 years: 65.84% (male 3,025,782/female 3,061,836)

65 years and over: 4.18% (2023 est.) (male 159,728/female 226,374)

Birth rate

Österreich

9.4 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

26.4 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Österreich

9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Österreich

German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in southern Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Tadschikistan

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth

Österreich

total population: 82.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.9 years

female: 85.2 years

Tadschikistan

total population: 71.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.2 years

female: 73.1 years

Major urban areas - population

Österreich

1.975 million VIENNA (capital) (2023)

Tadschikistan

987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)

Median age

Österreich

total: 44.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 43.5 years

female: 46.2 years

Tadschikistan

total: 22.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 22.3 years

female: 23.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Österreich

29.7 years (2020 est.)

Tadschikistan

23.2 years (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

Österreich

3.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Österreich

the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas

Tadschikistan

the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Population growth rate

Österreich

0.31% (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

1.94% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Österreich

1.51 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

3.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Österreich

urban population: 59.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.68% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Tadschikistan

urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Österreich

5.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Tadschikistan

5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Österreich

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 16 years (2020)

Tadschikistan

total: 11 years

male: 12 years

female: 11 years (2013)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Österreich

-0.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Tadschikistan

-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Österreich

6.77% (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

22.04% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Österreich

4.661 million (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

2.5 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Österreich

13.3% (2018 est.)

Tadschikistan

26.3% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Österreich

6.3% (2021 est.)

5.36% (2020 est.)

4.49% (2019 est.)

Tadschikistan

7.75% (2021 est.)

7.58% (2020 est.)

7.06% (2019 est.)

note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher

Public debt

Österreich

99.91% of GDP (2020 est.)

83.05% of GDP (2019 est.)

84.16% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices

Tadschikistan

50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Österreich

2.77% (2021 est.)

1.38% (2020 est.)

1.53% (2019 est.)

Tadschikistan

7.7% (2019 est.)

3.9% (2018 est.)

7.3% (2017 est.)

Exports

Österreich

$268.277 billion (2021 est.)

$224.734 billion (2020 est.)

$247.738 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Tadschikistan

$2.161 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.409 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.243 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Österreich

Germany 28%, United States 7%, Italy 6%, Switzerland 5% (2019)

Tadschikistan

Turkey 24%, Switzerland 22%, Uzbekistan 16%, Kazakhstan 12%, China 10% (2019)

Imports

Österreich

$265.769 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$211.736 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$231.992 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Tadschikistan

$4.258 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.125 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.409 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Österreich

Germany 39%, Italy 7%, Czechia 5% (2019)

Tadschikistan

China 40%, Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, Uzbekistan 5% (2019)

Airports

Österreich

50 (2021)

Tadschikistan

24 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Österreich

total: 2.606 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2020 est.)

Tadschikistan

total: 6,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Österreich

total: 8.277 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 93% (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

total: 3,009,054 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 30.4% (2022 est.)

Railways

Österreich

total: 6,123 km (2022) 3,523 km electrified

Tadschikistan

total: 680 km (2014)

broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

Roadways

Österreich

total: 137,039 km (2018)

paved: 137,039 km (2018) (includes 2,232 km of expressways)

Tadschikistan

total: 30,000 km (2018)

Telephones - fixed lines

Österreich

total subscriptions: 3,808,709 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

total subscriptions: 500,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Österreich

total subscriptions: 10,882,217 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 122 (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

total subscriptions: 12 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Österreich

358 km (2011)

Tadschikistan

200 km (2011) (along Vakhsh River)

Disputes - international

Österreich

none identified

Tadschikistan

Tajikistan-Afghanistan: none identified

Tajikistan-China: in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; in 2011, Tajikistan and China ratified the 2002 border demarcation agreement whereby Tajikistan ceded approximately 1,100 square kilometers in the Pamirs to China

Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan: disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan; in May 2021, both countries agreed to a ceasefire following recent clashes at their border

Tajikistan-Uzbekistan: talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and clear minefields; as of January 2020, Uzbekistan reported that it had cleared all mines along its side of the border