Daten & Fakten
Burundi
Mexiko
Thailand
Capital
Burundi
name: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital); note - in January 2019, the Burundian parliament voted to make Gitega the political capital of the country while Bujumbura would remain its economic capital; as of 2022, the government's move to Gitega remains incomplete
geographic coordinates: 3 25 S, 29 55 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the naming origins for both Gitega and Bujumbura are obscure; Bujumbura's name prior to independence in 1962 was Usumbura
geographic coordinates: 3 25 S, 29 55 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the naming origins for both Gitega and Bujumbura are obscure; Bujumbura's name prior to independence in 1962 was Usumbura
Mexiko
name: Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico)
geographic coordinates: 19 26 N, 99 08 W
time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October
time zone note: Mexico has four time zones
etymology: named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain
geographic coordinates: 19 26 N, 99 08 W
time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October
time zone note: Mexico has four time zones
etymology: named after the Mexica, the largest and most powerful branch of the Aztecs; the meaning of the name is uncertain
Thailand
name: Bangkok
geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Bangkok was likely originally a colloquial name, but one that was widely adopted by foreign visitors; the name may derive from bang ko, where bang is the Thai word for "village on a stream" and ko means "island," both referencing the area's landscape, which was carved by rivers and canals; alternatively, the name may come from bang makok, where makok is the name of the Java plum, a plant bearing olive-like fruit; this possibility is supported by the former name of Wat Arun, a historic temple in the area, that used to be called Wat Makok;
Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, the city's Thai name, means "City of Angels, Great City" or simply "Great City of Angels" and is a shortening of the full ceremonial name: Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit; translated the meaning is: "City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest"; it holds the world's record as the longest place name (169 letters); Krung Thep is used colloquially
geographic coordinates: 13 45 N, 100 31 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Bangkok was likely originally a colloquial name, but one that was widely adopted by foreign visitors; the name may derive from bang ko, where bang is the Thai word for "village on a stream" and ko means "island," both referencing the area's landscape, which was carved by rivers and canals; alternatively, the name may come from bang makok, where makok is the name of the Java plum, a plant bearing olive-like fruit; this possibility is supported by the former name of Wat Arun, a historic temple in the area, that used to be called Wat Makok;
Krung Thep Maha Nakhon, the city's Thai name, means "City of Angels, Great City" or simply "Great City of Angels" and is a shortening of the full ceremonial name: Krungthepmahanakhon Amonrattanakosin Mahintharayutthaya Mahadilokphop Noppharatratchathaniburirom Udomratchaniwetmahasathan Amonphimanawatansathit Sakkathattiyawitsanukamprasit; translated the meaning is: "City of angels, great city of immortals, magnificent city of the nine gems, seat of the king, city of royal palaces, home of gods incarnate, erected by Vishvakarman at Indra's behest"; it holds the world's record as the longest place name (169 letters); Krung Thep is used colloquially
Citizenship
Burundi
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Burundi
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Burundi
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Mexiko
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: not specified
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: not specified
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Thailand
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Thailand
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Thailand
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Burundi
mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law
Mexiko
civil law system with US constitutional law influence; judicial review of legislative acts
Thailand
civil law system with common law influences
Suffrage
Burundi
18 years of age; universal
Mexiko
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Thailand
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Area
Burundi
total: 27,830 sq km
land: 25,680 sq km
water: 2,150 sq km
land: 25,680 sq km
water: 2,150 sq km
Mexiko
total: 1,964,375 sq km
land: 1,943,945 sq km
water: 20,430 sq km
land: 1,943,945 sq km
water: 20,430 sq km
Thailand
total: 513,120 sq km
land: 510,890 sq km
water: 2,230 sq km
land: 510,890 sq km
water: 2,230 sq km
Land use
Burundi
agricultural land: 73.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 38.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 15.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
other: 20.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 38.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 15.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
other: 20.1% (2018 est.)
Mexiko
agricultural land: 54.9% (2018 est.)
arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 33.3% (2018 est.)
other: 11.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 11.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 33.3% (2018 est.)
other: 11.8% (2018 est.)
Thailand
agricultural land: 41.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 30.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 37.2% (2018 est.)
other: 21.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 30.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 8.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 37.2% (2018 est.)
other: 21.6% (2018 est.)
Location
Burundi
Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania
Mexiko
North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States
Thailand
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
Age structure
Burundi
0-14 years: 42.67% (male 2,830,996/female 2,786,154)
15-64 years: 54.03% (male 3,523,380/female 3,588,511)
65 years and over: 3.3% (2023 est.) (male 187,176/female 246,735)
15-64 years: 54.03% (male 3,523,380/female 3,588,511)
65 years and over: 3.3% (2023 est.) (male 187,176/female 246,735)
Mexiko
0-14 years: 23.76% (male 15,844,300/female 15,009,047)
15-64 years: 68.22% (male 43,086,673/female 45,518,891)
65 years and over: 8.02% (2023 est.) (male 4,560,225/female 5,856,393)
15-64 years: 68.22% (male 43,086,673/female 45,518,891)
65 years and over: 8.02% (2023 est.) (male 4,560,225/female 5,856,393)
Thailand
0-14 years: 16% (male 5,720,842/female 5,443,981)
15-64 years: 69.53% (male 23,797,302/female 24,734,505)
65 years and over: 14.47% (2023 est.) (male 4,500,808/female 5,597,559)
15-64 years: 69.53% (male 23,797,302/female 24,734,505)
65 years and over: 14.47% (2023 est.) (male 4,500,808/female 5,597,559)
Birth rate
Burundi
34.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Mexiko
14 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Thailand
10 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Burundi
5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Mexiko
7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Thailand
7.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Burundi
Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: data represent languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal
major-language sample(s):
Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: data represent languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal
Mexiko
Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2%; note - indigenous languages include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2020 est.)
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Thailand
Thai (official) only 90.7%, Thai and other languages 6.4%, only other languages 2.9% (includes Malay, Burmese); note - data represent population by language(s) spoken at home; English is a secondary language of the elite (2010 est.)
major-language sample(s):
สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
สารานุกรมโลก - แหล่งข้อมูลพื้นฐานที่สำคัญ (Thai)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Burundi
total population: 67.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 65.7 years
female: 70 years
male: 65.7 years
female: 70 years
Mexiko
total population: 73.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 70.3 years
female: 76.8 years
male: 70.3 years
female: 76.8 years
Thailand
total population: 77.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 74.9 years
female: 81.1 years
male: 74.9 years
female: 81.1 years
Major urban areas - population
Burundi
1.207 million BUJUMBURA (capital) (2023)
Mexiko
22.281 million MEXICO CITY (capital), 5.420 million Guadalajara, 5.117 million Monterrey, 3.345 million Puebla, 2.626 million Toluca de Lerdo, 2.260 million Tijuana (2023)
Thailand
11.070 million BANGKOK (capital), 1.454 Chon Buri, 1.359 million Samut Prakan, 1.213 million Chiang Mai, 1.005 million Songkla, 1.001 million Nothaburi (2023)
Median age
Burundi
total: 18.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 17.9 years
female: 18.5 years
male: 17.9 years
female: 18.5 years
Mexiko
total: 30.6 years (2023 est.)
male: 28.9 years
female: 32.3 years
male: 28.9 years
female: 32.3 years
Thailand
total: 41 years (2023 est.)
male: 39.8 years
female: 42.2 years
male: 39.8 years
female: 42.2 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Burundi
21.5 years (2016/17 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Mexiko
21.3 years (2008 est.)
Thailand
23.3 years (2009 est.)
Net migration rate
Burundi
6.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Mexiko
-0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Thailand
-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Burundi
one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil as shown in this population distribution map
Mexiko
most of the population is found in the middle of the country between the states of Jalisco and Veracruz; approximately a quarter of the population lives in and around Mexico City
Thailand
highest population density is found in and around Bangkok; significant population clusters found througout large parts of the country, particularly north and northeast of Bangkok and in the extreme southern region of the country
Population growth rate
Burundi
3.59% (2023 est.)
Mexiko
0.61% (2023 est.)
Thailand
0.2% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Burundi
4.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Mexiko
1.73 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Thailand
1.54 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Burundi
urban population: 14.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Mexiko
urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Thailand
urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Burundi
5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Mexiko
4.3% of GDP (2018 est.)
Thailand
3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Burundi
total: 11 years
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2018)
male: 11 years
female: 11 years (2018)
Mexiko
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2020)
Thailand
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2016)
male: 15 years
female: 16 years (2016)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Burundi
-5.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Mexiko
-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Thailand
-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Burundi
1.4% (2021 est.)
Mexiko
5.44% (2021 est.)
Thailand
3.34% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Burundi
5.271 million (2021 est.)
Mexiko
56.132 million (2021 est.)
Thailand
40.213 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Burundi
64.6% (2014 est.)
Mexiko
41.9% (2018 est.)
Thailand
9.9% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
Burundi
1.79% (2021 est.)
1.71% (2020 est.)
1.59% (2019 est.)
NA
1.71% (2020 est.)
1.59% (2019 est.)
NA
Mexiko
4.38% (2021 est.)
4.45% (2020 est.)
3.48% (2019 est.)
note: underemployment may be as high as 25%
4.45% (2020 est.)
3.48% (2019 est.)
note: underemployment may be as high as 25%
Thailand
1.42% (2021 est.)
1.1% (2020 est.)
0.72% (2019 est.)
1.1% (2020 est.)
0.72% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Burundi
51.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mexiko
54.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
56.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
56.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
Thailand
50.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
40.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
39.25% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
40.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
39.25% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Burundi
8.4% (2021 est.)
7.32% (2020 est.)
-0.69% (2019 est.)
7.32% (2020 est.)
-0.69% (2019 est.)
Mexiko
5.69% (2021 est.)
3.4% (2020 est.)
3.64% (2019 est.)
3.4% (2020 est.)
3.64% (2019 est.)
Thailand
1.23% (2021 est.)
-0.85% (2020 est.)
0.71% (2019 est.)
-0.85% (2020 est.)
0.71% (2019 est.)
Exports
Burundi
$285.105 million (2018 est.)
$270.686 million (2017 est.)
$315 million (2017 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
$270.686 million (2017 est.)
$315 million (2017 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Mexiko
$522.235 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$434.366 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$492.657 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$434.366 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$492.657 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Thailand
$296.002 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$257.981 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$323.878 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$257.981 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$323.878 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Burundi
United Arab Emirates 50%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7% (2019)
Mexiko
United States 75% (2019)
Thailand
United States 16%, China 13%, Japan 9%, Vietnam 4%, Australia 4% (2021)
Imports
Burundi
$905.294 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$885.422 million (2017 est.)
$1.295 billion (2017 est.)
$885.422 million (2017 est.)
$1.295 billion (2017 est.)
Mexiko
$544.752 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$411.458 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$495.391 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$411.458 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$495.391 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Thailand
$295.78 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$232.039 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$272.831 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$232.039 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$272.831 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Burundi
China 14%, Saudi Arabia 14%, India 9%, Kenya 7%, United Arab Emirates 7%, Tanzania 5%, Zambia 5% (2019)
Mexiko
United States 54%, China 14% (2019)
Thailand
China 28%, Japan 12%, Malaysia 5%, United States 5%, United Arab Emirates 4% (2021)
Airports
Burundi
7 (2021)
Mexiko
1,714 (2021)
Thailand
101 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Burundi
total: 4,230 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.04 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.04 (2020 est.)
Mexiko
total: 21,936,131 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2020 est.)
Thailand
total: 11,478,265 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Burundi
total: 754,000 (2021 est.)
percent of population: 5.8% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 5.8% (2021 est.)
Mexiko
total: 98.8 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 76% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 76% (2021 est.)
Thailand
total: 61.2 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 85% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 85% (2021 est.)
Mexiko
total: 23,389 km (2017)
standard gauge: 23,389 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (27 km electrified)
standard gauge: 23,389 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (27 km electrified)
Thailand
total: 4,127 km (2017)
standard gauge: 84 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (84 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 4,043 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
standard gauge: 84 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (84 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 4,043 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
Roadways
Burundi
total: 12,322 km (2016)
paved: 1,500 km (2016)
unpaved: 10,822 km (2016)
paved: 1,500 km (2016)
unpaved: 10,822 km (2016)
Mexiko
total: 704,884 km (2017)
paved: 175,526 km (2017) (includes 10,845 km of expressways)
unpaved: 529,358 km (2017)
paved: 175,526 km (2017) (includes 10,845 km of expressways)
unpaved: 529,358 km (2017)
Thailand
total: 180,053 km (2006) (includes 450 km of expressways)
Telephones - fixed lines
Burundi
total subscriptions: 15,976 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
Mexiko
total subscriptions: 24,366,595 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2021 est.)
Thailand
total subscriptions: 4.6 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Burundi
total subscriptions: 7,740,494 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 62 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 62 (2021 est.)
Mexiko
total subscriptions: 123,920,752 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 98 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 98 (2021 est.)
Thailand
total subscriptions: 120 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 170 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 170 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Burundi
673 km (2022) (mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Mexiko
2,900 km (2012) (navigable rivers and coastal canals mostly connected with ports on the country's east coast)
Thailand
4,000 km (2011) (3,701 km navigable by boats with drafts up to 0.9 m)
Disputes - international
Burundi
cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region
Burundi-Rwanda: Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province
Mexiko
Mexico-Belize: Mexico and Belize are working to solve minor border demarcation discrepancies arising from inaccuracies in the 1898 border treaty
Mexico-Guatemala: Mexico must deal with thousands of impoverished Guatemalans and other Central Americans who cross the porous border looking for work in Mexico and the US
Mexico-US: the US has intensified security measures to monitor and control legal and illegal persons, transport, and commodities across its border with Mexico
Thailand
Thailand-Burma: in 2016, Thailand expressed its interest in investing in Burma’s Hatgyi Dam project on the Salween River near the Thai-Burma border; the dam has the potential to supply electricity and water during the drought season; approximately 100,000 mostly Karen refugees fleeing civil strife, political upheaval, and economic stagnation in Burma live in nine remote camps in Thailand near the border
Thailand-Cambodia: Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of their border; in 2011, Thailand and Cambodia resorted to arms in the dispute over the location of the boundary on the precipice surmounted by Preah Vihear temple ruins, awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962 and part of a planned UN World Heritage site; in 2013, the International Court of Justice ruled that the land with the temple was Cambodian territory but that a nearby hill belonged to Thailand
Thailand-Laos: talks continue on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over several islands in the Mekong River
Thailand-Malaysia: separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Malay-Muslim southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia to stem insurgent activities; disputed areas are the Bukit Jeli area at the headwaters of the Golok River and the continental shelf boundary in the Gulf of Thailand
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