Capital

Burundi

name: Gitega (political capital), Bujumbura (commercial capital); note - in January 2019, the Burundian parliament voted to make Gitega the political capital of the country while Bujumbura would remain its economic capital; as of 2022, the government's move to Gitega remains incomplete

geographic coordinates: 3 25 S, 29 55 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the naming origins for both Gitega and Bujumbura are obscure; Bujumbura's name prior to independence in 1962 was Usumbura

Portugal

name: Lisbon

geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa

Oman

name: Muscat

geographic coordinates: 23 37 N, 58 35 E

time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name, whose meaning is uncertain, traces back almost two millennia; two 2nd century A.D. scholars, the geographer PTOLEMY and the historian ARRIAN, both mention an Arabian Sea coastal town of Moscha, which most likely referred to Muscat

Citizenship

Burundi

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Burundi

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Portugal

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Oman

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Oman

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: unknown

Legal system

Burundi

mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law

Portugal

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Oman

mixed legal system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law

Suffrage

Burundi

18 years of age; universal

Portugal

18 years of age; universal

Oman

21 years of age; universal; note - members of the military and security forces by law cannot vote

Area

Burundi

total: 27,830 sq km

land: 25,680 sq km

water: 2,150 sq km

Portugal

total: 92,090 sq km

land: 91,470 sq km

water: 620 sq km

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Oman

total: 309,500 sq km

land: 309,500 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Land use

Burundi

agricultural land: 73.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 38.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 15.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)

other: 20.1% (2018 est.)

Portugal

agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)

Oman

agricultural land: 4.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 95.3% (2018 est.)

Location

Burundi

Central Africa, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, west of Tanzania

Portugal

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Oman

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE

Age structure

Burundi

0-14 years: 42.67% (male 2,830,996/female 2,786,154)

15-64 years: 54.03% (male 3,523,380/female 3,588,511)

65 years and over: 3.3% (2023 est.) (male 187,176/female 246,735)

Portugal

0-14 years: 12.85% (male 672,673/female 641,409)

15-64 years: 65.18% (male 3,274,201/female 3,389,374)

65 years and over: 21.96% (2023 est.) (male 895,576/female 1,349,917)

Oman

0-14 years: 29.88% (male 586,608/female 558,770)

15-64 years: 66.17% (male 1,404,289/female 1,132,250)

65 years and over: 3.95% (2023 est.) (male 70,976/female 80,572)

Birth rate

Burundi

34.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

21.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Burundi

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

3.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Burundi

Kirundi (official), French (official), English (official, least spoken), Swahili (2008 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Igitabo Mpuzamakungu c'ibimenyetso bifatika, isoko ntabanduka ku nkuru z'urufatiro. (Kirundi)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: data represent languages read and written by people 10 years of age or older; spoken Kirundi is nearly universal

Portugal

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Oman

Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Burundi

total population: 67.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 65.7 years

female: 70 years

Portugal

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 78.6 years

female: 85 years

Oman

total population: 77.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.2 years

female: 79.2 years

Major urban areas - population

Burundi

1.207 million BUJUMBURA (capital) (2023)

Portugal

3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)

Oman

1.650 million MUSCAT (capital) (2023)

Median age

Burundi

total: 18.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 17.9 years

female: 18.5 years

Portugal

total: 46 years (2023 est.)

male: 44 years

female: 47.9 years

Oman

total: 27.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 27.9 years

female: 26 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Burundi

21.5 years (2016/17 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Portugal

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Burundi

6.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Burundi

one of Africa's most densely populated countries; concentrations tend to be in the north and along the northern shore of Lake Tanganyika in the west; most people live on farms near areas of fertile volcanic soil as shown in this population distribution map

Portugal

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Oman

the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north of the country; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely poplulated

Population growth rate

Burundi

3.59% (2023 est.)

Portugal

-0.17% (2023 est.)

Oman

1.8% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Burundi

4.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Portugal

1.44 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Oman

2.67 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Burundi

urban population: 14.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Portugal

urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Oman

urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Burundi

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Portugal

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Oman

5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Burundi

total: 11 years

male: 11 years

female: 11 years (2018)

Portugal

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Oman

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2021)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Burundi

-5.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Portugal

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Oman

-13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Burundi

1.4% (2021 est.)

Portugal

5.63% (2021 est.)

Oman

1.05% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Burundi

5.271 million (2021 est.)

Portugal

5.174 million (2021 est.)

Oman

2.259 million (2021 est.)

note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national

Population below poverty line

Burundi

64.6% (2014 est.)

Portugal

17.2% (2018 est.)

Oman

NA

Unemployment rate

Burundi

1.79% (2021 est.)

1.71% (2020 est.)

1.59% (2019 est.)

NA

Portugal

6.65% (2021 est.)

6.79% (2020 est.)

6.46% (2019 est.)

Oman

3.12% (2021 est.)

2.94% (2020 est.)

1.85% (2019 est.)

NA

Public debt

Burundi

51.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

48.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Oman

46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Burundi

8.4% (2021 est.)

7.32% (2020 est.)

-0.69% (2019 est.)

Portugal

1.27% (2021 est.)

-0.01% (2020 est.)

0.34% (2019 est.)

Oman

1.55% (2021 est.)

-0.9% (2020 est.)

0.13% (2019 est.)

Exports

Burundi

$285.105 million (2018 est.)

$270.686 million (2017 est.)

$315 million (2017 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Portugal

$105.648 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$85.128 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$104.846 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Oman

$46.324 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$35.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$43.584 billion (2019 est.)

Exports - partners

Burundi

United Arab Emirates 50%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7% (2019)

Portugal

Spain 26%, France 12%, Germany 12%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5% (2021)

Oman

China 46%, India 8%, Japan 6%, South Korea 6%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2019)

Imports

Burundi

$905.294 million (2018 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$885.422 million (2017 est.)

$1.295 billion (2017 est.)

Portugal

$112.413 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$89.515 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.009 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Oman

$36.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$34.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$32.569 billion (2019 est.)

Imports - partners

Burundi

China 14%, Saudi Arabia 14%, India 9%, Kenya 7%, United Arab Emirates 7%, Tanzania 5%, Zambia 5% (2019)

Portugal

Spain 31%, Germany 12%, France 6%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2021)

Oman

United Arab Emirates 36%, China 10%, Japan 7%, India 7%, United States 5% (2019)

Airports

Burundi

7 (2021)

Portugal

64 (2021)

Oman

132 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Burundi

total: 4,230 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.04 (2020 est.)

Portugal

total: 4,160,795 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Oman

total: 508,949 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Burundi

total: 754,000 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 5.8% (2021 est.)

Portugal

total: 8.2 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Oman

total: 4.32 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Portugal

total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified

Roadways

Burundi

total: 12,322 km (2016)

paved: 1,500 km (2016)

unpaved: 10,822 km (2016)

Portugal

total: 82,900 km (2008)

paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)

unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Oman

total: 60,230 km (2012)

paved: 29,685 km (2012) (includes 1,943 km of expressways)

unpaved: 30,545 km (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines

Burundi

total subscriptions: 15,976 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1

Portugal

total subscriptions: 5,318,750 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2021 est.)

Oman

total subscriptions: 572,166 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Burundi

total subscriptions: 7,740,494 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 62 (2021 est.)

Portugal

total subscriptions: 12,476,165 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (2021 est.)

Oman

total subscriptions: 6,115,537 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 135 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Burundi

673 km (2022) (mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo)

Portugal

210 km (2011) (on Douro River from Porto)

Disputes - international

Burundi

cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region

Burundi-Rwanda: Burundi's Ngozi province and Rwanda's Butare province dispute the two-kilometer-square hilly farmed area of Sabanerwa in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965 around Kibinga Hill in Rwanda's Butare Province

Portugal

Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Oman

Oman-Saudi Arabia: none identified

Oman-UAE: boundary agreement reportedly signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah exclave, but details of the alignment have not been made public; Oman and UAE signed the final demarcation of their land border in 2008

Oman-Yemen: Oman and Yemen signed a border agreement in 1992; demarcation of their border was completed in 1995