Capital

Bangladesch

name: Dhaka

geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E

time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the origins of the name are unclear, but some sources state that the city's site was originally called "dhakka," meaning "watchtower," and that the area served as a watch-station for Bengal rulers

Oman

name: Muscat

geographic coordinates: 23 37 N, 58 35 E

time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name, whose meaning is uncertain, traces back almost two millennia; two 2nd century A.D. scholars, the geographer PTOLEMY and the historian ARRIAN, both mention an Arabian Sea coastal town of Moscha, which most likely referred to Muscat

Bahrain

name: Manama

geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-manama" meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"

Citizenship

Bangladesch

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bangladesh

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Oman

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Oman

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: unknown

Bahrain

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals

Legal system

Bangladesch

mixed legal system of mostly English common law and Islamic law

Oman

mixed legal system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law

Bahrain

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law

Suffrage

Bangladesch

18 years of age; universal

Oman

21 years of age; universal; note - members of the military and security forces by law cannot vote

Bahrain

20 years of age; universal

Area

Bangladesch

total: 148,460 sq km

land: 130,170 sq km

water: 18,290 sq km

Oman

total: 309,500 sq km

land: 309,500 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Bahrain

total: 760 sq km

land: 760 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Land use

Bangladesch

agricultural land: 70.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 59% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 6.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.6% (2018 est.)

forest: 11.1% (2018 est.)

other: 18.8% (2018 est.)

Oman

agricultural land: 4.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 95.3% (2018 est.)

Bahrain

agricultural land: 11.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 0.7% (2018 est.)

other: 88% (2018 est.)

Location

Bangladesch

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India

Oman

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE

Bahrain

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

Age structure

Bangladesch

0-14 years: 25.38% (male 21,587,699/female 20,846,378)

15-64 years: 67.09% (male 54,560,958/female 57,599,478)

65 years and over: 7.53% (2023 est.) (male 5,871,022/female 6,718,930)

Oman

0-14 years: 29.88% (male 586,608/female 558,770)

15-64 years: 66.17% (male 1,404,289/female 1,132,250)

65 years and over: 3.95% (2023 est.) (male 70,976/female 80,572)

Bahrain

0-14 years: 18.14% (male 142,866/female 139,083)

15-64 years: 77.83% (male 759,539/female 449,848)

65 years and over: 4.03% (2023 est.) (male 32,162/female 30,388)

Birth rate

Bangladesch

17.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

21.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bahrain

12.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Bangladesch

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

3.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bahrain

2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Bangladesch

Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):

বিশ্ব ফ্যাক্টবুক, মৌলিক তথ্যের অপরিহার্য উৎস (Bangla)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Oman

Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Bahrain

Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Bangladesch

total population: 75 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.8 years

female: 77.2 years

Oman

total population: 77.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.2 years

female: 79.2 years

Bahrain

total population: 80.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 77.9 years

female: 82.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Bangladesch

23.210 million DHAKA (capital), 5.380 million Chittagong, 955,000 Khulna, 962,000 Rajshahi, 964,000 Sylhet, 906,000 Bogra (2023)

Oman

1.650 million MUSCAT (capital) (2023)

Bahrain

709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)

Median age

Bangladesch

total: 29.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 28.3 years

female: 30 years

Oman

total: 27.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 27.9 years

female: 26 years

Bahrain

total: 33.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 34.6 years

female: 31 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Bangladesch

18.6 years (2017/18 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Net migration rate

Bangladesch

-2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bahrain

-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north of the country; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely poplulated

Bahrain

smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq

Population growth rate

Bangladesch

0.91% (2023 est.)

Oman

1.8% (2023 est.)

Bahrain

0.85% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Bangladesch

2.08 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Oman

2.67 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Bahrain

1.66 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Bangladesch

urban population: 40.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Oman

urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Bahrain

urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Bangladesch

2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Oman

5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)

Bahrain

2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Bangladesch

total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 13 years (2020)

Oman

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2021)

Bahrain

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2019)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Bangladesch

-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Oman

-13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Bahrain

-10.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Bangladesch

10.29% (2021 est.)

Oman

1.05% (2021 est.)

Bahrain

0.4% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Bangladesch

70.961 million (2021 est.)

note: extensive migration of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia

Oman

2.259 million (2021 est.)

note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national

Bahrain

819,100 (2021 est.)

note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national

Population below poverty line

Bangladesch

24.3% (2016 est.)

Oman

NA

Bahrain

NA

Unemployment rate

Bangladesch

5.23% (2021 est.)

5.41% (2020 est.)

4.44% (2019 est.)

note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many persons counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages

Oman

3.12% (2021 est.)

2.94% (2020 est.)

1.85% (2019 est.)

NA

Bahrain

1.87% (2021 est.)

1.78% (2020 est.)

1.2% (2019 est.)

note: official estimate; actual rate is higher

Public debt

Bangladesch

33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Oman

46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises

Bahrain

88.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Bangladesch

5.55% (2021 est.)

5.69% (2020 est.)

5.59% (2019 est.)

Oman

1.55% (2021 est.)

-0.9% (2020 est.)

0.13% (2019 est.)

Bahrain

-0.61% (2021 est.)

-2.32% (2020 est.)

1.01% (2019 est.)

Exports

Bangladesch

$49.386 billion (2021 est.)

$38.476 billion (2020 est.)

$44.961 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Oman

$46.324 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$35.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$43.584 billion (2019 est.)

Bahrain

$35.235 billion (2021 est.)

$30.097 billion (2018 est.)

$26.732 billion (2017 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Bangladesch

United States 15%, Germany 14%, United Kingdom 8%, Spain 7%, France 7% (2019)

Oman

China 46%, India 8%, Japan 6%, South Korea 6%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2019)

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates 17%, Saudi Arabia 16%, United States 7%, Japan 7%, India 4% (2021)

Imports

Bangladesch

$85.303 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$56.776 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$64.234 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Oman

$36.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$34.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$32.569 billion (2019 est.)

Bahrain

$27.577 billion (2021 est.)

$27.187 billion (2018 est.)

$23.876 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Bangladesch

China 31%, India 15%, Singapore 5% (2019)

Oman

United Arab Emirates 36%, China 10%, Japan 7%, India 7%, United States 5% (2019)

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates 24%, Saudi Arabia 15%, Brazil 12%, China 9%, India 6% (2021)

Airports

Bangladesch

18 (2021)

Oman

132 (2021)

Bahrain

4 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Bangladesch

total: 10,052,819 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)

Oman

total: 508,949 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)

Bahrain

total: 148,928 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Bangladesch

total: 66.3 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 39% (2021 est.)

Oman

total: 4.32 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Bahrain

total: 1.5 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)

Railways

Bangladesch

total: 2,460 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 659 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge

Roadways

Bangladesch

total: 369,105 km (2018)

paved: 110,311 km (2018)

unpaved: 258,794 km (2018)

Oman

total: 60,230 km (2012)

paved: 29,685 km (2012) (includes 1,943 km of expressways)

unpaved: 30,545 km (2012)

Bahrain

total: 4,122 km (2010)

paved: 3,392 km (2010)

unpaved: 730 km (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines

Bangladesch

total subscriptions: 587,476 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0 (2021 est.) less than 1

Oman

total subscriptions: 572,166 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Bahrain

total subscriptions: 266,741 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Bangladesch

total subscriptions: 181,021,227 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (2021 est.)

Oman

total subscriptions: 6,115,537 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 135 (2021 est.)

Bahrain

total subscriptions: 1,923,443 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 131 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Bangladesch

8,370 km (2011) (includes up to 3,060 km of main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200 km in the dry season)

Disputes - international

Bangladesch

Bangladesh-Burma: the border area has historically been an area of conflict and instability; militants, particularly ethnic armed groups (EAGs) from Burma, continue to operate in the border region and conduct illegal crossings, and both countries maintain considerable numbers of security personnel along the border; Burmese military forces actively conduct operations against EAGs; in 2022, Burmese artillery struck Bangladesh territory several times during military operations against Arakan Army rebels inside Rakhine; as of 2017, Burmese border authorities had constructed about 130 miles of border fencing and had planned to fence off the remainder of the border

Bangladesh-India: Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Indian Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over un-demarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves, but which had never been implemented

Oman

Oman-Saudi Arabia: none identified

Oman-UAE: boundary agreement reportedly signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah exclave, but details of the alignment have not been made public; Oman and UAE signed the final demarcation of their land border in 2008

Oman-Yemen: Oman and Yemen signed a border agreement in 1992; demarcation of their border was completed in 1995

 

Bahrain

none identified