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Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina
Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan
Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland
Capital

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

name: Sarajevo

geographic coordinates: 43 52 N, 18 25 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name derives from the Turkish noun saray, meaning "palace" or "mansion," and the term ova, signifying "plain(s)," to give a meaning of "palace plains" or "the plains about the palace"

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

name: Taipei

geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E

time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

name: Athens

geographic coordinates: 37 59 N, 23 44 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language
Citizenship

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina

dual citizenship recognized: yes, provided there is a bilateral agreement with the other state

residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan

dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Greece

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Legal system

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

civil law system

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

civil legal system based on Roman law
Suffrage

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

20 years of age; universal; note - in March 2022, the Legislative Yuan approved lowering the voting age to 18, but the change will require a constitutional amendment that must be submitted to a referendum

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

17 years of age; universal and compulsory
Area

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 51,197 sq km

land: 51,187 sq km

water: 10 sq km

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total: 35,980 sq km

land: 32,260 sq km

water: 3,720 sq km

note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 131,957 sq km

land: 130,647 sq km

water: 1,310 sq km
Land use

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 42.8% (2018 est.)

other: 15% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

agricultural land: 22.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)

other: 77.3% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

agricultural land: 63.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 8.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 30.5% (2018 est.)

other: 6.1% (2018 est.)
Location

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Age structure

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

0-14 years: 13.14% (male 258,937/female 241,581)

15-64 years: 69% (male 1,319,995/female 1,307,304)

65 years and over: 17.86% (2023 est.) (male 277,555/female 402,392)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

0-14 years: 12.22% (male 1,482,120/female 1,399,336)

15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)

65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

0-14 years: 14.02% (male 758,311/female 713,794)

15-64 years: 62.66% (male 3,285,484/female 3,292,524)

65 years and over: 23.31% (2023 est.) (male 1,086,188/female 1,361,294)
Birth rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

8.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

7.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

7.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

12 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Bosnian)

Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)

Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages

major-language sample(s):
世界概況  –  不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%

major-language sample(s):
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total population: 78.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.3 years

female: 81.4 years

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total population: 81.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 78.4 years

female: 84.5 years

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.2 years

female: 84.4 years
Major urban areas - population

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

346,000 SARAJEVO (capital) (2023)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

4.504 million New Taipei City, 2.754 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.319 million Taoyuan, 1.553 million Kaohsiung, 1.369 million Taichung, 863,000 Tainan (2023)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)
Median age

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 44.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.7 years

female: 46.1 years

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total: 44 years (2023 est.)

male: 43 years

female: 45 years

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 46.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 44.3 years

female: 47.9 years
Mother's mean age at first birth

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

27.7 years (2019 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

30.7 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters
Population growth rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

-0.23% (2023 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

0.03% (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

-0.35% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

1.37 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

1.09 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

1.4 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

urban population: 50.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

urban population: 80.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

NA

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

NA

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

4.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2014)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 20 years

male: 20 years

female: 20 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

8.87% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

3.9% (2017 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

10.67% (2021 est.)
Labor force

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

1.169 million (2021 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

11.498 million (2020 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

4.619 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

16.9% (2015 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

1.5% (2012 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

17.9% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

15.22% (2021 est.)

15.27% (2020 est.)

15.69% (2019 est.)

note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

3.73% (2019 est.)

3.69% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

14.8% (2021 est.)

16.3% (2020 est.)

17.31% (2019 est.)
Public debt

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

46.05% of GDP (2020 est.)

44.63% of GDP (2019 est.)

45.56% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data for central government

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

252.29% of GDP (2020 est.)

212.38% of GDP (2019 est.)

208.84% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

1.98% (2021 est.)

-1.05% (2020 est.)

0.56% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

0.5% (2019 est.)

1.3% (2018 est.)

0.6% (2017 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

1.22% (2021 est.)

-1.25% (2020 est.)

0.25% (2019 est.)
Exports

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

$9.948 billion (2021 est.)

$6.936 billion (2020 est.)

$8.199 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

$388.49 billion (2019 est.)

$383.484 billion (2018 est.)

$382.736 billion (2017 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

$87.521 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$59.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$81.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Croatia 11%, Serbia 11%, Austria 9%, Slovenia 8% (2019)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

China 26%, United States 14%, Hong Kong 12%, Japan 7%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 5% (2019)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Italy 10%, Germany 7%, Turkey 5%, Cyprus 5%, Bulgaria 5% (2019)
Imports

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

$12.726 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$9.726 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$11.156 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

$308.744 billion (2019 est.)

$305.428 billion (2018 est.)

$303.067 billion (2017 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

$103.532 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$71.758 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$83.192 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Croatia 15%, Serbia 13%, Germany 10%, Italy 9%, Slovenia 7%, China 6% (2019)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

China 21%, Japan 16%, United States 11%, South Korea 6% (2019)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Germany 11%, China 9%, Italy 8%, Iraq 7%, Russia 6%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Airports

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

24 (2021)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

37 (2021)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

77 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 770,424 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 24 (2020 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 4,257,026 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)
Internet users

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 2.508 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 76% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total: 21.6 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 7.8 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 78% (2021 est.)
Railways

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 965 km (2014)

standard gauge: 965 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (565 km electrified)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total: 1,613.1 km (2018)

standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)

150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified
Roadways

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 22,926 km (2010)

paved: 19,426 km (2010) (4,652 km of interurban roads)

unpaved: 3,500 km (2010)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total: 43,206 km (2017)

paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)

unpaved: 413 km (2017)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 117,000 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total subscriptions: 689,295 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total subscriptions: 13 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total subscriptions: 4,913,036 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total subscriptions: 3,728,775 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 114 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

total subscriptions: 30 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total subscriptions: 11,494,008 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)
Waterways

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

990 km (2022) (Sava River on northern border; open to shipping but use limited)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

6 km (2012) (the 6-km-long Corinth Canal crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; it shortens a sea voyage by 325 km)
Disputes - international

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Serbia: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute.

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia: none identified

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro: none identified

Flagge: Taiwan Taiwan

Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants

Taiwan-China-Philippines: border dispute over the Scarborough Reef in the South China Sea; Scarborough Reef, like the Spratly Islands, is strategically located and is surrounded by abundant fishing grounds; it may also be ripe for oil and natural gas exploration

Taiwan-China-Vietnam: the Paracel Islands are occupied by China but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam

Taiwan-Japan-China: in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Greece has a security wall along a portion of its land border with Turkey to deter border crossings by migrants and has announced intentions to extend the wall along the entire border

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