Daten & Fakten
Bolivien
Israel
Estland
Capital
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
name: La Paz (administrative capital); Sucre (constitutional [legislative and judicial] capital)
geographic coordinates: 16 30 S, 68 09 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de SUCRE (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia
note: at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world
geographic coordinates: 16 30 S, 68 09 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: La Paz is a shortening of the original name of the city, Nuestra Senora de La Paz (Our Lady of Peace); Sucre is named after Antonio Jose de SUCRE (1795-1830), military hero in the independence struggle from Spain and the second president of Bolivia
note: at approximately 3,630 m above sea level, La Paz's elevation makes it the highest capital city in the world
Israel
name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
Estland
name: Tallinn
geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from "Taani-linn" (originally meaning "Danish castle", now "Danish town") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from "tali-linn" ("winter castle" or "winter town") or "talu-linn" ("home castle" or "home town")
geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from "Taani-linn" (originally meaning "Danish castle", now "Danish town") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from "tali-linn" ("winter castle" or "winter town") or "talu-linn" ("home castle" or "home town")
Citizenship
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years
Israel
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
Estland
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Estonia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Estonia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
civil law system with influences from Roman, Spanish, canon (religious), French, and indigenous law
Israel
mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws
Estland
civil law system
Suffrage
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Israel
18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections
Estland
18 years of age; universal; age 16 for local elections
Area
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total: 1,098,581 sq km
land: 1,083,301 sq km
water: 15,280 sq km
land: 1,083,301 sq km
water: 15,280 sq km
Israel
total: 21,937 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
Estland
total: 45,228 sq km
land: 42,388 sq km
water: 2,840 sq km
note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
land: 42,388 sq km
water: 2,840 sq km
note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Land use
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
agricultural land: 34.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 3.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est.)
forest: 52.5% (2018 est.)
other: 13.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 3.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 30.5% (2018 est.)
forest: 52.5% (2018 est.)
other: 13.2% (2018 est.)
Israel
agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
Estland
agricultural land: 22.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 52.1% (2018 est.)
other: 25.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 52.1% (2018 est.)
other: 25.7% (2018 est.)
Location
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Israel
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Estland
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Age structure
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
0-14 years: 29.14% (male 1,813,044/female 1,737,699)
15-64 years: 64.03% (male 3,929,462/female 3,872,943)
65 years and over: 6.84% (2023 est.) (male 384,356/female 448,575)
15-64 years: 64.03% (male 3,929,462/female 3,872,943)
65 years and over: 6.84% (2023 est.) (male 384,356/female 448,575)
Israel
0-14 years: 25.96% (male 1,200,721/female 1,146,556)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
Estland
0-14 years: 15.56% (male 95,732/female 91,384)
15-64 years: 62.27% (male 376,599/female 372,380)
65 years and over: 22.17% (2023 est.) (male 94,291/female 172,376)
15-64 years: 62.27% (male 376,599/female 372,380)
65 years and over: 22.17% (2023 est.) (male 94,291/female 172,376)
Birth rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
18.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
19.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Estland
8.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Estland
13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
Spanish (official) 68.1%, Quechua (official) 17.2%, Aymara (official) 10.5%, Guarani (official) 0.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2.1%; note - Bolivia's 2009 constitution designates Spanish and all indigenous languages as official; 36 indigenous languages are specified, including a few that are extinct (2012 est.)
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Estland
Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total population: 72.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 71 years
female: 74 years
male: 71 years
female: 74 years
Israel
total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
Estland
total population: 78.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 73.5 years
female: 82.9 years
male: 73.5 years
female: 82.9 years
Major urban areas - population
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
1.936 million LA PAZ (capital), 1.820 million Santa Cruz, 1.400 million Cochabamba (2022); 278,000 Sucre (constitutional capital) (2018)
Israel
4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)
Estland
454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)
Median age
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total: 26.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 25.9 years
female: 26.6 years
male: 25.9 years
female: 26.6 years
Israel
total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
Estland
total: 44.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 41.5 years
female: 47.9 years
male: 41.5 years
female: 47.9 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
21.1 years (2008 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Israel
27.7 years (2019 est.)
Estland
28.2 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Estland
-2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
a high altitude plain in the west between two cordillera of the Andes, known as the Altiplano, is the focal area for most of the population; a dense settlement pattern is also found in and around the city of Santa Cruz, located on the eastern side of the Andes
Israel
population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Estland
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Population growth rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
1.06% (2023 est.)
Israel
1.56% (2023 est.)
Estland
-0.74% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
2.26 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Israel
2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Estland
1.62 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
urban population: 71.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.87% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Israel
urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Estland
urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
9.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Israel
7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Estland
6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Israel
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Estland
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
-7.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Israel
-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Estland
-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
9.56% (2021 est.)
Israel
6.05% (2021 est.)
Estland
7.13% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
6.322 million (2021 est.)
Israel
4.186 million (2021 est.)
Estland
704,700 (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
37.2% (2019 est.)
Israel
22% (2014 est.)
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
Estland
21.7% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
8.51% (2021 est.)
7.9% (2020 est.)
3.82% (2019 est.)
note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment
7.9% (2020 est.)
3.82% (2019 est.)
note: data are for urban areas; widespread underemployment
Israel
5.05% (2021 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
Estland
6.33% (2021 est.)
6.8% (2020 est.)
4.45% (2019 est.)
6.8% (2020 est.)
4.45% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
49% of GDP (2017 est.)
44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities
Israel
72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
Estland
23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)
14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)
13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)
13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
0.74% (2021 est.)
0.94% (2020 est.)
1.84% (2019 est.)
0.94% (2020 est.)
1.84% (2019 est.)
Israel
1.49% (2021 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
Estland
4.65% (2021 est.)
-0.44% (2020 est.)
2.28% (2019 est.)
-0.44% (2020 est.)
2.28% (2019 est.)
Exports
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
$11.439 billion (2021 est.)
$7.383 billion (2020 est.)
$10.271 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
$7.383 billion (2020 est.)
$10.271 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Israel
$143.884 billion (2021 est.)
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Estland
$29.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$21.769 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$22.962 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$21.769 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$22.962 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
Argentina 16%, Brazil 15%, United Arab Emirates 12%, India 10%, United States 6%, South Korea 5%, Peru 5%, Colombia 5% (2019)
Israel
United States 27%, China 8%, India 4%, Germany 3%, Ireland 3% (2021)
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
Estland
Finland 12%, United States 9%, Latvia 9%, Sweden 8%, Russia 6% (2021)
Imports
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
$10.799 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.261 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$11.957 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.261 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$11.957 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Israel
$124.578 billion (2021 est.)
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Estland
$29.234 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$21.813 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$21.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$21.813 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$21.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
Brazil 22%, Chile 15%, China 13%, Peru 11%, Argentina 8%, United States 7% (2017)
Israel
China 14%, United States 11%, Turkey 7%, Germany 7%, Switzerland 5% (2021)
Estland
Russia 15%, Finland 10%, Germany 10%, Latvia 7%, Lithuania 6% (2021)
Airports
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
855 (2021)
Israel
42 (2021)
Estland
18 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total: 931,918 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2020 est.)
Israel
total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Estland
total: 415,610 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total: 7.92 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 66% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 66% (2021 est.)
Israel
total: 8.01 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Estland
total: 1.183 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)
Railways
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total: 3,960 km (2019)
narrow gauge: 3,960 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
narrow gauge: 3,960 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Israel
total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
Estland
total: 1,441 km (2020) 225 km electrified
Roadways
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total: 90,568 km (2017)
paved: 9,792 km (2017)
unpaved: 80,776 km (2017)
paved: 9,792 km (2017)
unpaved: 80,776 km (2017)
Israel
total: 20,391 km (2021)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
Estland
total: 58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)
paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)
unpaved: 47,985 km (2011)
paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)
unpaved: 47,985 km (2011)
Telephones - fixed lines
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total subscriptions: 539,481 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2021 est.)
Israel
total subscriptions: 3.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
Estland
total subscriptions: 296,620 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
total subscriptions: 12,033,941 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)
Israel
total subscriptions: 12.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Estland
total subscriptions: 1,980,838 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 149 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 149 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
10,000 km (2012) (commercially navigable almost exclusively in the northern and eastern parts of the country)
Estland
335 km (2011) (320 km are navigable year-round)
Disputes - international
Plurinationaler Staat Bolivien
contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of its border regions with all of its neighbors (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Peru)
Bolivia-Chile: despite tariff-free access to ports in southern Peru and northern Chile, Bolivia persists with its long-standing claims to regain sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean
Bolivia-Peru: despite tariff-free access to ports in southern Peru and northern Chile, Bolivia persists with its long-standing claims to regain sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean; smuggling of archaeological artifacts from Peru to Bolivia, illegal timber and narcotics smuggling, human trafficking, and falsified documents are current issues
Bolivia-Brazil: the Roboré Accord of March 29, 1958 placed the long-disputed Isla Suárez/Ilha de Guajará-Mirim, a fluvial island on the Río Mamoré, between the two towns of Guajará-Mirim (Brazil) and Guayaramerin (Bolivia), under Bolivian administration but did not resolve the sovereignty dispute
Bolivia-Argentina: contraband smuggling, human trafficking, and illegal narcotic trafficking are problems in the porous areas of the border
Bolivia-Paraguay: on April 27, 2009, the president of Argentina hosted the presidents of Bolivia and Paraguay together with representatives of the five other guarantor states -- Brazil, Chile, Peru, the US, and Uruguay -- to the signing for the Final Record of the Boundary Commission in execution of the 1938 Peace Treaty between Bolivia and Paraguay
Israel
Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
Estland
Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia
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