Capital

Kanada

name: Ottawa

geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

time zone note: Canada has six time zones

etymology: the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word "adawe" meaning "to trade" and refers to the indigenous peoples who used the river as a trade highway

Deutschland

name: Berlin

geographic coordinates: 52 31 N, 13 24 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word "berl" or "birl," meaning "swamp"

Citizenship

Kanada

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: minimum of 3 of last 5 years resident in Canada

Deutschland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a German citizen or a resident alien who has lived in Germany at least 8 years

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from government

residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Legal system

Kanada

common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevails

Deutschland

civil law system

Suffrage

Kanada

18 years of age; universal

Deutschland

18 years of age; universal; age 16 for some state and municipal elections

Area

Kanada

total: 9,984,670 sq km

land: 9,093,507 sq km

water: 891,163 sq km

Deutschland

total: 357,022 sq km

land: 348,672 sq km

water: 8,350 sq km

Land use

Kanada

agricultural land: 6.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)

forest: 34.1% (2018 est.)

other: 59.1% (2018 est.)

Deutschland

agricultural land: 48% (2018 est.)

arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 31.8% (2018 est.)

other: 20.2% (2018 est.)

Location

Kanada

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

Deutschland

Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark

Age structure

Kanada

0-14 years: 15.65% (male 3,097,585/female 2,930,056)

15-64 years: 63.85% (male 12,367,172/female 12,224,077)

65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 3,630,580/female 4,267,266)

Deutschland

0-14 years: 13.75% (male 5,905,124/female 5,673,727)

15-64 years: 62.97% (male 26,934,889/female 26,097,401)

65 years and over: 23.28% (2023 est.) (male 8,784,872/female 10,824,171)

Birth rate

Kanada

10.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Deutschland

9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Kanada

8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Deutschland

12 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Kanada

English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

Deutschland

German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Kanada

total population: 84 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.7 years

female: 86.4 years

Deutschland

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.4 years

female: 84.2 years

Major urban areas - population

Kanada

6.372 million Toronto, 4.308 million Montreal, 2.657 million Vancouver, 1.640 million Calgary, 1.544 million Edmonton, 1.437 million OTTAWA (capital) (2023)

Deutschland

3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023)

Median age

Kanada

total: 42.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.2 years

female: 43.5 years

Deutschland

total: 46.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 45.4 years

female: 48.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Kanada

29.4 years (2019 est.)

Deutschland

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Kanada

5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Deutschland

1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Kanada

vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia

Deutschland

second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia

Population growth rate

Kanada

0.73% (2023 est.)

Deutschland

-0.12% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Kanada

1.57 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Deutschland

1.58 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Kanada

urban population: 81.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Deutschland

urban population: 77.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Kanada

5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Deutschland

4.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Kanada

total: 17 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Deutschland

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Kanada

-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Deutschland

1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Kanada

4.74% (2021 est.)

Deutschland

3.61% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Kanada

21.017 million (2021 est.)

Deutschland

43.968 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Kanada

9.4% (2008 est.)

note: this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off, a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line

Deutschland

14.8% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Kanada

7.51% (2021 est.)

9.46% (2020 est.)

5.66% (2019 est.)

Deutschland

3.54% (2021 est.)

3.81% (2020 est.)

3.14% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Kanada

72.09% of GDP (2020 est.)

48.01% of GDP (2019 est.)

48.18% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level

Deutschland

63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Kanada

3.4% (2021 est.)

0.72% (2020 est.)

1.95% (2019 est.)

Deutschland

3.14% (2021 est.)

0.51% (2020 est.)

1.45% (2019 est.)

Exports

Kanada

$611.146 billion (2021 est.)

$484.226 billion (2020 est.)

$561.63 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Deutschland

$2.004 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.676 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Kanada

US 73% (2019)

Deutschland

United States 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 6% (2021)

Imports

Kanada

$609.256 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$517.964 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$589.037 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Deutschland

$1.775 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.454 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Kanada

US 57%, China 11%, Mexico 5% (2019)

Deutschland

China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, Italy 6%, France 6% (2021)

Airports

Kanada

1,467 (2021)

Deutschland

539 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Kanada

total: 15,825,813 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (2020 est.)

Deutschland

total: 36,215,303 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Kanada

total: 35.34 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 93% (2021 est.)

Deutschland

total: 75.53 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)

Railways

Kanada

total: 49,422 km (2021) note: 129 km electrified (2021)

standard gauge: 49,422 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge

Deutschland

total: 39,379 km (2020) 20,942 km electrified

15 km 0.900-mm gauge, 24 km 0.750-mm gauge (2015)

Roadways

Kanada

total: 1,042,300 km (2011)

paved: 415,600 km (2011) (includes 17,000 km of expressways)

unpaved: 626,700 km (2011)

Deutschland

total: 830,000 km (2022) 830,000 km

paved: 830,000 km (2022) (includes 13,155 km of expressways)

note: includes local roads

Telephones - fixed lines

Kanada

total subscriptions: 12.928 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2021 est.)

Deutschland

total subscriptions: 38.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Kanada

total subscriptions: 32.723 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2021 est.)

Deutschland

total subscriptions: 106.4 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Kanada

636 km (2011) (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States)

Deutschland

7,300 km (2022) (Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea)

Disputes - international

Kanada

managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Gulf of Maine, including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people, transport, and commodities across the international border; commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nm from its declared baselines in the Arctic, as stipulated in Article 76, paragraph 8, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

Deutschland

none identified