Capital

Kanada

name: Ottawa

geographic coordinates: 45 25 N, 75 42 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November

time zone note: Canada has six time zones

etymology: the city lies on the south bank of the Ottawa River, from which it derives its name; the river name comes from the Algonquin word "adawe" meaning "to trade" and refers to the indigenous peoples who used the river as a trade highway

Mosambik

name: Maputo

geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city

Ägypten

name: Cairo

geographic coordinates: 30 03 N, 31 15 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: from the Arabic "al-Qahira," meaning "the victorious"

Citizenship

Kanada

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: minimum of 3 of last 5 years resident in Canada

Mosambik

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Ägypten

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: if the father was born in Egypt

dual citizenship recognized: only with prior permission from the government

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Legal system

Kanada

common law system except in Quebec, where civil law based on the French civil code prevails

Mosambik

mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law and customary law

Ägypten

mixed legal system based on Napoleonic civil and penal law, Islamic religious law, and vestiges of colonial-era laws; judicial review of the constitutionality of laws by the Supreme Constitutional Court

Suffrage

Kanada

18 years of age; universal

Mosambik

18 years of age; universal

Ägypten

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Area

Kanada

total: 9,984,670 sq km

land: 9,093,507 sq km

water: 891,163 sq km

Mosambik

total: 799,380 sq km

land: 786,380 sq km

water: 13,000 sq km

Ägypten

total: 1,001,450 sq km

land: 995,450 sq km

water: 6,000 sq km

Land use

Kanada

agricultural land: 6.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 1.6% (2018 est.)

forest: 34.1% (2018 est.)

other: 59.1% (2018 est.)

Mosambik

agricultural land: 56.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 49.6% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.7% (2018 est.)

other: 0% (2018 est.)

Ägypten

agricultural land: 3.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)

other: 96.3% (2018 est.)

Location

Kanada

Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

Mosambik

Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania

Ägypten

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula

Age structure

Kanada

0-14 years: 15.65% (male 3,097,585/female 2,930,056)

15-64 years: 63.85% (male 12,367,172/female 12,224,077)

65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 3,630,580/female 4,267,266)

Mosambik

0-14 years: 45% (male 7,413,197/female 7,217,953)

15-64 years: 52.1% (male 8,153,175/female 8,787,792)

65 years and over: 2.9% (2023 est.) (male 461,904/female 479,784)

Ägypten

0-14 years: 34.37% (male 19,381,371/female 18,271,080)

15-64 years: 60.27% (male 33,921,778/female 32,102,087)

65 years and over: 5.36% (2023 est.) (male 2,976,765/female 2,893,639)

Birth rate

Kanada

10.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mosambik

36.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Ägypten

20.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Kanada

8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mosambik

9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Ägypten

4.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Kanada

English (official) 87.1%, French (official) 29.1%, Chinese languages 4.2%, Spanish 3.2%, Punjabi 2.6%, Arabic 2.4%, Tagalog 2.3%, Italian 1.5% (2022 est.)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

Mosambik

Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)

Ägypten

Arabic (official), English, and French widely understood by educated classes

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أفضل مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Kanada

total population: 84 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.7 years

female: 86.4 years

Mosambik

total population: 57.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 56.4 years

female: 59 years

Ägypten

total population: 74.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 73.5 years

female: 76 years

Major urban areas - population

Kanada

6.372 million Toronto, 4.308 million Montreal, 2.657 million Vancouver, 1.640 million Calgary, 1.544 million Edmonton, 1.437 million OTTAWA (capital) (2023)

Mosambik

1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023)

Ägypten

22.183 million CAIRO (capital), 5.588 million Alexandria, 778,000 Bur Sa'id (2023)

Median age

Kanada

total: 42.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.2 years

female: 43.5 years

Mosambik

total: 17.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 16.6 years

female: 17.8 years

Ägypten

total: 24.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 24.1 years

female: 24.1 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Kanada

29.4 years (2019 est.)

Mosambik

19.2 years (2011 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Ägypten

22.6 years (2014 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Net migration rate

Kanada

5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mosambik

-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Ägypten

-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Kanada

vast majority of Canadians are positioned in a discontinuous band within approximately 300 km of the southern border with the United States; the most populated province is Ontario, followed by Quebec and British Columbia

Mosambik

three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas as shown in this population distribution map

Ägypten

approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

Kanada

0.73% (2023 est.)

Mosambik

2.55% (2023 est.)

Ägypten

1.59% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Kanada

1.57 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Mosambik

4.74 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Ägypten

2.76 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Kanada

urban population: 81.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.95% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Mosambik

urban population: 38.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Ägypten

urban population: 43.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.9% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Kanada

5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Mosambik

6.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Ägypten

2.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Kanada

total: 17 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Mosambik

total: 10 years

male: 10 years

female: 9 years (2017)

Ägypten

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 14 years (2018)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Kanada

-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Mosambik

-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Ägypten

-8.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Kanada

4.74% (2021 est.)

Mosambik

-0.42% (2019 est.)

Ägypten

-1.09% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Kanada

21.017 million (2021 est.)

Mosambik

14.137 million (2021 est.)

Ägypten

30.179 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Kanada

9.4% (2008 est.)

note: this figure is the Low Income Cut-Off, a calculation that results in higher figures than found in many comparable economies; Canada does not have an official poverty line

Mosambik

46.1% (2014 est.)

Ägypten

32.5% (2017 est.)

Unemployment rate

Kanada

7.51% (2021 est.)

9.46% (2020 est.)

5.66% (2019 est.)

Mosambik

3.98% (2021 est.)

3.81% (2020 est.)

3.47% (2019 est.)

Ägypten

9.33% (2021 est.)

9.17% (2020 est.)

7.84% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Kanada

72.09% of GDP (2020 est.)

48.01% of GDP (2019 est.)

48.18% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: figures are for gross general government debt, as opposed to net federal debt; gross general government debt includes both intragovernmental debt and the debt of public entities at the sub-national level

Mosambik

102.88% of GDP (2020 est.)

79.51% of GDP (2019 est.)

82.3% of GDP (2018 est.)

Ägypten

103% of GDP (2017 est.)

96.8% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover central government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Kanada

3.4% (2021 est.)

0.72% (2020 est.)

1.95% (2019 est.)

Mosambik

5.69% (2021 est.)

3.14% (2020 est.)

2.78% (2019 est.)

Ägypten

5.21% (2021 est.)

5.04% (2020 est.)

9.15% (2019 est.)

Exports

Kanada

$611.146 billion (2021 est.)

$484.226 billion (2020 est.)

$561.63 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Mosambik

$6.404 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.37 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Ägypten

$58.339 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$40.102 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$53.523 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Kanada

US 73% (2019)

Mosambik

South Africa 16%, India 13%, China 12%, Italy 7%, United Arab Emirates 5%, Germany 5% (2019)

Ägypten

United States 8%, Turkey 7%, Greece 7%, Italy 6%, India 5% (2021)

Imports

Kanada

$609.256 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$517.964 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$589.037 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Mosambik

$10.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.63 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$9.503 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Ägypten

$94.039 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$72.482 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$78.951 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Kanada

US 57%, China 11%, Mexico 5% (2019)

Mosambik

South Africa 31%, India 18%, China 17% (2019)

Ägypten

China 18%, Saudi Arabia 9%, United States 6%, Russia 5%, Turkey 5% (2021)

Airports

Kanada

1,467 (2021)

Mosambik

98 (2021)

Ägypten

83 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Kanada

total: 15,825,813 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (2020 est.)

Mosambik

total: 70,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)

Ägypten

total: 9,349,469 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Kanada

total: 35.34 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 93% (2021 est.)

Mosambik

total: 5.44 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)

Ägypten

total: 79.2 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 72% (2021 est.)

Railways

Kanada

total: 49,422 km (2021) note: 129 km electrified (2021)

standard gauge: 49,422 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge

Mosambik

total: 4,787 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 4,787 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

Ägypten

total: 5,085 km (2014)

standard gauge: 5,085 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified)

Roadways

Kanada

total: 1,042,300 km (2011)

paved: 415,600 km (2011) (includes 17,000 km of expressways)

unpaved: 626,700 km (2011)

Mosambik

total: 31,083 km (2015)

paved: 7,365 km (2015)

unpaved: 23,718 km (2015)

Ägypten

total: 65,050 km (2018)

paved: 48,000 km (2018)

unpaved: 17,050 km (2018)

Telephones - fixed lines

Kanada

total subscriptions: 12.928 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2021 est.)

Mosambik

total subscriptions: 59,682 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1

Ägypten

total subscriptions: 11,030,900 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Kanada

total subscriptions: 32.723 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2021 est.)

Mosambik

total subscriptions: 13,686,234 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)

Ägypten

total subscriptions: 103,449,427 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 95 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Kanada

636 km (2011) (Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United States)

Mosambik

460 km (2010) (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake)

Ägypten

3,500 km (2018) (includes the Nile River, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in Nile Delta; the Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches) is navigable by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 17.68 m)

Disputes - international

Kanada

managed maritime boundary disputes with the US at Dixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Gulf of Maine, including the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; Canada and the United States dispute how to divide the Beaufort Sea and the status of the Northwest Passage but continue to work cooperatively to survey the Arctic continental shelf; US works closely with Canada to intensify security measures for monitoring and controlling legal and illegal movement of people, transport, and commodities across the international border; commencing the collection of technical evidence for submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in support of claims for continental shelf beyond 200 nm from its declared baselines in the Arctic, as stipulated in Article 76, paragraph 8, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

Mosambik

Mozambique-Eswatini: none identified

Mozambique-Malawi:  the two countries have held exercises to reaffirm boundaries a number of times

Mozambique-South Africa: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration

Mozambique-Tanzania: none identified

Mozambique-Zambia: none identified

Mozambique-Zimbabwe: none identified

Ägypten

Egypt-Gaza Strip: constructed a barrier and established a buffer zone on its border with Gaza to halt the passage of weapons and militants through cross-border smuggling tunnels and pressure the Palestinian HAMAS terrorist group that runs the Gaza Strip

Egypt-Ethiopia: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023