Capital

Kamerun

name: Yaounde

geographic coordinates: 3 52 N, 11 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: founded as a German colonial settlement of Jaunde in 1888 and named after the local Yaunde (Ewondo) people

Australien

name: Canberra

geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E

time difference: UTC+10 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April

time zone note: Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)

etymology: the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area "Nganbra" or "Nganbira"

Tunesien

name: Tunis

geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word "ens," which means "to lie down" or "to pass the night," may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors

Citizenship

Kamerun

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cameroon

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Australien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years

Tunesien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Kamerun

mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law

Australien

common law system based on the English model

Tunesien

mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session

Suffrage

Kamerun

20 years of age; universal

Australien

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Tunesien

18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months

Area

Kamerun

total: 475,440 sq km

land: 472,710 sq km

water: 2,730 sq km

Australien

total: 7,741,220 sq km

land: 7,682,300 sq km

water: 58,920 sq km

note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island

Tunesien

total: 163,610 sq km

land: 155,360 sq km

water: 8,250 sq km

Land use

Kamerun

agricultural land: 20.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 13.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 41.7% (2018 est.)

other: 37.7% (2018 est.)

Australien

agricultural land: 46.65% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)

forest: 17.42% (2018 est.)

other: 33.42% (2018 est.)

Tunesien

agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)

other: 28.6% (2018 est.)

Location

Kamerun

Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria

Australien

Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean

Tunesien

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya

Age structure

Kamerun

0-14 years: 41.69% (male 6,337,141/female 6,226,100)

15-64 years: 55.12% (male 8,231,473/female 8,379,699)

65 years and over: 3.19% (2023 est.) (male 447,656/female 513,663)

Australien

0-14 years: 18.43% (male 2,515,636/female 2,359,859)

15-64 years: 64.89% (male 8,602,204/female 8,568,004)

65 years and over: 16.69% (2023 est.) (male 2,034,383/female 2,381,080)

Tunesien

0-14 years: 24.77% (male 1,529,179/female 1,436,771)

15-64 years: 65.26% (male 3,843,642/female 3,971,509)

65 years and over: 9.98% (2023 est.) (male 566,265/female 628,816)

Birth rate

Kamerun

35.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Australien

12.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tunesien

14.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Kamerun

7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Australien

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tunesien

6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Kamerun

24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

Australien

English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent language spoken at home

Tunesien

Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight); note - despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Kamerun

total population: 63.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 61.9 years

female: 65.6 years

Australien

total population: 83.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.1 years

female: 85.5 years

Tunesien

total population: 77.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.4 years

female: 78.8 years

Major urban areas - population

Kamerun

4.509 million YAOUNDE (capital), 4.063 million Douala (2023)

Australien

5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023)

Tunesien

2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)

Median age

Kamerun

total: 18.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 18.5 years

female: 19.1 years

Australien

total: 37.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 36.8 years

female: 39 years

Tunesien

total: 34 years (2023 est.)

male: 33.2 years

female: 34.7 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Kamerun

20.1 years (2018 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Australien

28.7 years (2019 est.)

Net migration rate

Kamerun

-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Australien

6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tunesien

-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Kamerun

population concentrated in the west and north, with the interior of the country sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map

Australien

population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population

Tunesien

the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

Kamerun

2.73% (2023 est.)

Australien

1.19% (2023 est.)

Tunesien

0.63% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Kamerun

4.5 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Australien

1.73 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Tunesien

1.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Kamerun

urban population: 59.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.43% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Australien

urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island

Tunesien

urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Kamerun

3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Australien

6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Tunesien

7.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Kamerun

total: 12 years

male: 13 years

female: 11 years (2016)

Australien

total: 21 years

male: 20 years

female: 22 years (2020)

Tunesien

total: 15 years

male: 14 years

female: 16 years (2016)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Kamerun

-3.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Australien

-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Tunesien

-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Kamerun

3.22% (2021 est.)

Australien

-0.55% (2021 est.)

Tunesien

8.6% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Kamerun

11.81 million (2021 est.)

Australien

13.786 million (2021 est.)

Tunesien

4.226 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Kamerun

37.5% (2014 est.)

Tunesien

15.2% (2015 est.)

Unemployment rate

Kamerun

3.87% (2021 est.)

3.84% (2020 est.)

3.64% (2019 est.)

Australien

5.11% (2021 est.)

6.46% (2020 est.)

5.16% (2019 est.)

Tunesien

16.82% (2021 est.)

16.59% (2020 est.)

15.13% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Kamerun

36.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

Australien

69.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

60.25% of GDP (2019 est.)

54.49% of GDP (2018 est.)

Tunesien

70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Kamerun

2.27% (2021 est.)

2.44% (2020 est.)

2.45% (2019 est.)

Australien

2.86% (2021 est.)

0.85% (2020 est.)

1.61% (2019 est.)

Tunesien

5.71% (2021 est.)

5.63% (2020 est.)

6.72% (2019 est.)

Exports

Kamerun

$7.449 billion (2021 est.)

$6.124 billion (2020 est.)

$7.731 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Australien

$389.794 billion (2021 est.)

$300.77 billion (2020 est.)

$342.485 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Tunesien

$19.743 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$16.017 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$19.175 billion (2019 est.)

Exports - partners

Kamerun

China 17%, Netherlands 14%, Italy 9%, United Arab Emirates 8%, India 7%, United States 6%, Belgium 6%, Spain 5%, France 5% (2019)

Australien

China 40%, Japan 14%, South Korea 9%, India 6%, Taiwan 4% (2021)

Tunesien

France 29%, Italy 17%, Germany 13% (2019)

Imports

Kamerun

$9.027 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.212 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$9.085 billion (2019 est.)

Australien

$298.712 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$250.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$295.504 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Tunesien

$24.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$19.603 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$23.546 billion (2019 est.)

Imports - partners

Kamerun

China 28%, Nigeria 15%, France 9%, Belgium 6% (2019)

Australien

China 28%, United States 10%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, Thailand 5% (2021)

Tunesien

France 17%, Italy 16%, Germany 8%, China 8%, Algeria 7% (2019)

Airports

Kamerun

33 (2021)

Australien

418 (2021)

Tunesien

29 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Kamerun

total: 722,579 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2020 est.)

Australien

total: 9,099,619 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2020 est.)

Tunesien

total: 1,334,059 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Kamerun

total: 12.42 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 46% (2021 est.)

Australien

total: 24.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Tunesien

total: 9.48 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)

Railways

Kamerun

total: 987 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 987 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

note: railway connections generally efficient but limited; rail lines connect major cities of Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, and Garoua; passenger and freight service provided by CAMRAIL

Australien

total: 36,064 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified

standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm

narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm

broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm

Tunesien

total: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use)

standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)

dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge

Roadways

Kamerun

total: 77,589 km (2016)

paved: 5,133 km (2016)

unpaved: 72,456 km (2016)

Australien

total: 873,573 km (2015)

urban: 145,928 km (2015)

non-urban: 727,645 km (2015)

Tunesien

paved: 20,000 km (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

Kamerun

total subscriptions: 739,572 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)

Australien

total subscriptions: 4.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Tunesien

total subscriptions: 1.7 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Kamerun

total subscriptions: 22,442,414 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 83 (2021 est.)

Australien

total subscriptions: 27.09 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2021 est.)

Tunesien

total subscriptions: 16 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Kamerun

(2010) (major rivers in the south, such as the Wouri and the Sanaga, are largely non-navigable; in the north, the Benue, which connects through Nigeria to the Niger River, is navigable in the rainy season only to the port of Garoua)

Australien

2,000 km (2011) (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling River systems)

Disputes - international

Kamerun

Cameroon-Central African Republic: Cameroon has deployed military troops to the border to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits
 
Cameroon-Nigeria: Nigeria recognized Cameroon's sovereignty over the Bakassi Peninsula in 2006 and in completed the transfer of administration in 2013, although there are occasional, mostly local disputes in the area; the the majority of the land boundary was demarcated by 2019 with UN assistance, although there are few disagreements on the precise location of the boundary; the porous border is susceptible to crossings by the Boko Haram and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - West Africa terrorist groups, both of which operate in Northern Nigeria 

Australien

Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef 

Tunesien

none identified