Daten & Fakten
Kuba
Großbritannien
Taiwan
Capital
Kuba
name: Havana
geographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting
etymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX
geographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting
etymology: the sites of Spanish colonial cities often retained their original Taino names; Habana, the Spanish name for the city, may be based on the name of a local Taino chief, HABAGUANEX
Grossbritannien
name: London
geographic coordinates: 51 30 N, 0 05 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
time zone note: the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories
etymology: the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain
geographic coordinates: 51 30 N, 0 05 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
time zone note: the time statements apply to the United Kingdom proper, not to its crown dependencies or overseas territories
etymology: the name derives from the Roman settlement of Londinium, established on the current site of London around A.D. 43; the original meaning of the name is uncertain
Taiwan
name: Taipei
geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
Citizenship
Kuba
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: unknown
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: unknown
Grossbritannien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the United Kingdom
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the United Kingdom
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Taiwan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Kuba
civil law system based on Spanish civil code
Grossbritannien
common law system; has nonbinding judicial review of Acts of Parliament under the Human Rights Act of 1998
Taiwan
civil law system
Suffrage
Kuba
16 years of age; universal
Grossbritannien
18 years of age; universal
Taiwan
20 years of age; universal; note - in March 2022, the Legislative Yuan approved lowering the voting age to 18, but the change will require a constitutional amendment that must be submitted to a referendum
Area
Kuba
total: 110,860 sq km
land: 109,820 sq km
water: 1,040 sq km
land: 109,820 sq km
water: 1,040 sq km
Grossbritannien
total: 243,610 sq km
land: 241,930 sq km
water: 1,680 sq km
note 1: the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6%
note 2: includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland
land: 241,930 sq km
water: 1,680 sq km
note 1: the percentage area breakdown of the four UK countries is: England 53%, Scotland 32%, Wales 9%, and Northern Ireland 6%
note 2: includes Rockall and the Shetland Islands, which are part of Scotland
Taiwan
total: 35,980 sq km
land: 32,260 sq km
water: 3,720 sq km
note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
land: 32,260 sq km
water: 3,720 sq km
note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
Land use
Kuba
agricultural land: 60.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 33.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est.)
forest: 27.3% (2018 est.)
other: 12.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 33.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est.)
forest: 27.3% (2018 est.)
other: 12.4% (2018 est.)
Grossbritannien
agricultural land: 71% (2018 est.)
arable land: 25.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 45.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 11.9% (2018 est.)
other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 25.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 45.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 11.9% (2018 est.)
other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
Taiwan
agricultural land: 22.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)
other: 77.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)
other: 77.3% (2018 est.)
Location
Kuba
Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida
Grossbritannien
Western Europe, islands - including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland - between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea; northwest of France
Taiwan
Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
Age structure
Kuba
0-14 years: 16.39% (male 926,457/female 874,347)
15-64 years: 66.81% (male 3,692,573/female 3,647,316)
65 years and over: 16.8% (2023 est.) (male 835,005/female 1,010,276)
15-64 years: 66.81% (male 3,692,573/female 3,647,316)
65 years and over: 16.8% (2023 est.) (male 835,005/female 1,010,276)
Grossbritannien
0-14 years: 16.91% (male 5,901,611/female 5,620,070)
15-64 years: 64.03% (male 21,997,962/female 21,628,742)
65 years and over: 19.06% (2023 est.) (male 5,953,187/female 7,036,912)
15-64 years: 64.03% (male 21,997,962/female 21,628,742)
65 years and over: 19.06% (2023 est.) (male 5,953,187/female 7,036,912)
Taiwan
0-14 years: 12.22% (male 1,482,120/female 1,399,336)
15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)
65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)
15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)
65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)
Birth rate
Kuba
10 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Grossbritannien
10.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
7.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Kuba
9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Grossbritannien
9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Kuba
Spanish (official)
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Grossbritannien
English
note: the following are recognized regional languages: Scots (about 30% of the population of Scotland), Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 speakers in Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish (about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some 2,000 to 3,000 people in Cornwall) (2012 est.)
note: the following are recognized regional languages: Scots (about 30% of the population of Scotland), Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 speakers in Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish (about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some 2,000 to 3,000 people in Cornwall) (2012 est.)
Taiwan
Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages
major-language sample(s):
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Kuba
total population: 79.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 77.5 years
female: 82.4 years
male: 77.5 years
female: 82.4 years
Grossbritannien
total population: 82.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 80 years
female: 84.2 years
male: 80 years
female: 84.2 years
Taiwan
total population: 81.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 78.4 years
female: 84.5 years
male: 78.4 years
female: 84.5 years
Major urban areas - population
Kuba
2.149 million HAVANA (capital) (2023)
Grossbritannien
9.648 million LONDON (capital), 2.791 million Manchester, 2.665 million Birmingham, 1.929 million West Yorkshire, 1.698 million Glasgow, 952,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2023)
Taiwan
4.504 million New Taipei City, 2.754 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.319 million Taoyuan, 1.553 million Kaohsiung, 1.369 million Taichung, 863,000 Tainan (2023)
Median age
Kuba
total: 42.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 40.8 years
female: 44.3 years
male: 40.8 years
female: 44.3 years
Grossbritannien
total: 40.6 years (2023 est.)
male: 39.9 years
female: 41.4 years
male: 39.9 years
female: 41.4 years
Taiwan
total: 44 years (2023 est.)
male: 43 years
female: 45 years
male: 43 years
female: 45 years
Grossbritannien
29 years (2018 est.)
note: data represents England and Wales only
note: data represents England and Wales only
Net migration rate
Kuba
-2.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Grossbritannien
3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Kuba
large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana
Grossbritannien
the core of the population lies in and around London, with significant clusters found in central Britain around Manchester and Liverpool, in the Scottish lowlands between Edinburgh and Glasgow, southern Wales in and around Cardiff, and far eastern Northern Ireland centered on Belfast
Taiwan
distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts
Population growth rate
Kuba
-0.19% (2023 est.)
Grossbritannien
0.49% (2023 est.)
Taiwan
0.03% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Kuba
1.71 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Grossbritannien
1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Taiwan
1.09 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Kuba
urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Grossbritannien
urban population: 84.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.8% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Taiwan
urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Kuba
NA
Grossbritannien
5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Taiwan
NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Kuba
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 15 years (2021)
male: 13 years
female: 15 years (2021)
Grossbritannien
total: 17 years
male: 17 years
female: 18 years (2020)
male: 17 years
female: 18 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Kuba
-10.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Grossbritannien
-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Taiwan
-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Kuba
-6.75% (2021 est.)
Grossbritannien
9.12% (2021 est.)
Taiwan
3.9% (2017 est.)
Labor force
Kuba
5.135 million (2021 est.)
note: state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7%
note: state sector 72.3%, non-state sector 27.7%
Grossbritannien
34.637 million (2021 est.)
Taiwan
11.498 million (2020 est.)
Population below poverty line
Kuba
NA
Grossbritannien
18.6% (2017 est.)
Taiwan
1.5% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate
Kuba
2.76% (2021 est.)
2.62% (2020 est.)
1.74% (2019 est.)
note: data are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double
2.62% (2020 est.)
1.74% (2019 est.)
note: data are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double
Grossbritannien
4.53% (2021 est.)
4.47% (2020 est.)
3.74% (2019 est.)
4.47% (2020 est.)
3.74% (2019 est.)
Taiwan
3.73% (2019 est.)
3.69% (2018 est.)
3.69% (2018 est.)
Public debt
Kuba
47.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
42.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Grossbritannien
195.39% of GDP (2020 est.)
160.02% of GDP (2019 est.)
157.8% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
160.02% of GDP (2019 est.)
157.8% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Taiwan
35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data for central government
36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data for central government
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Kuba
5.5% (2017 est.)
4.5% (2016 est.)
4.5% (2016 est.)
Grossbritannien
2.52% (2021 est.)
0.99% (2020 est.)
1.74% (2019 est.)
0.99% (2020 est.)
1.74% (2019 est.)
Taiwan
0.5% (2019 est.)
1.3% (2018 est.)
0.6% (2017 est.)
1.3% (2018 est.)
0.6% (2017 est.)
Exports
Kuba
$2.63 billion (2017 est.)
$2.546 billion (2016 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
$2.546 billion (2016 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Grossbritannien
$874.5 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$791.7 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$893.1 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$791.7 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$893.1 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Taiwan
$388.49 billion (2019 est.)
$383.484 billion (2018 est.)
$382.736 billion (2017 est.)
$383.484 billion (2018 est.)
$382.736 billion (2017 est.)
Exports - partners
Kuba
China 38%, Spain 11%, Netherlands 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Grossbritannien
United States 13%, Germany 9%, Netherlands 8%, Ireland 7%, Switzerland 6% (2021)
Taiwan
China 26%, United States 14%, Hong Kong 12%, Japan 7%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 5% (2019)
Imports
Kuba
$11.06 billion (2017 est.)
$10.28 billion (2016 est.)
$10.28 billion (2016 est.)
Grossbritannien
$898.719 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$783.438 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$939.349 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$783.438 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$939.349 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Taiwan
$308.744 billion (2019 est.)
$305.428 billion (2018 est.)
$303.067 billion (2017 est.)
$305.428 billion (2018 est.)
$303.067 billion (2017 est.)
Imports - partners
Kuba
Spain 19%, China 15%, Italy 6%, Canada 5%, Russia 5%, United States 5%, Brazil 5% (2019)
Grossbritannien
China 13%, Germany 11%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, Norway 5% (2021)
Taiwan
China 21%, Japan 16%, United States 11%, South Korea 6% (2019)
Airports
Kuba
133 (2021)
Grossbritannien
460 (2021)
Taiwan
37 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Kuba
total: 231,654 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)
Grossbritannien
total: 27,330,297 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2020 est.)
Taiwan
total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
Internet users
Kuba
total: 7.81 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 71% (2021 est.)
note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet"; issues relating to COVID-19 impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be different than published numbers suggest
percent of population: 71% (2021 est.)
note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet"; issues relating to COVID-19 impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be different than published numbers suggest
Grossbritannien
total: 64.99 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 97% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 97% (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total: 21.6 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Railways
Kuba
total: 8,367 km (2017)
standard gauge: 8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 172 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
note: As of 2013, 70 km of standard gauge and 12 km of narrow gauge track were not for public use
standard gauge: 8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 172 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge
note: As of 2013, 70 km of standard gauge and 12 km of narrow gauge track were not for public use
Grossbritannien
total: 16,390 km (2020) 6,167 km electrified
Taiwan
total: 1,613.1 km (2018)
standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)
150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)
150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
Roadways
Kuba
total: 60,000 km (2015)
paved: 20,000 km (2001)
unpaved: 40,000 km (2001)
paved: 20,000 km (2001)
unpaved: 40,000 km (2001)
Grossbritannien
total: 394,428 km (2009)
paved: 394,428 km (2009) (includes 3,519 km of expressways)
paved: 394,428 km (2009) (includes 3,519 km of expressways)
Taiwan
total: 43,206 km (2017)
paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)
unpaved: 413 km (2017)
paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)
unpaved: 413 km (2017)
Telephones - fixed lines
Kuba
total subscriptions: 1,539,269 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)
Grossbritannien
total subscriptions: 33 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 48 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 48 (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total subscriptions: 13 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Kuba
total subscriptions: 7,103,296 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 63 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 63 (2021 est.)
Grossbritannien
total subscriptions: 80 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total subscriptions: 30 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Kuba
240 km (2011) (almost all navigable inland waterways are near the mouths of rivers)
Grossbritannien
3,200 km (2009) (620 km used for commerce)
Disputes - international
Kuba
US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the facility can terminate the lease
Grossbritannien
UK-Argentina: UK rejects sovereignty talks requested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
UK-Argentina-Chile: the UK’s territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory) overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim
UK-Denmark: the UK, Iceland, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Iceland, Norway, and the Faroe Islands signed an agreement in 2019 extending the Faroe Islands’ northern continental shelf area
UK (Gibraltar)-Spain: in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement between the UK and Spain; the Government of Gibraltar insisted on equal participation in talks between the two countries; Spain disapproved of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; London and Madrid reached a temporary agreement at the end of 2020 that allowed Gibraltar to be part of the passport-free Schengen zone; talks are expected to continue in 2022
UK-Mauritius-Seychelles: Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory); in 2001, the former inhabitants of the archipelago, evicted 1967 - 1973, were granted UK citizenship and the right of return, followed by Orders in Council in 2004 that banned rehabitation, a High Court ruling reversed the ban, a Court of Appeal refusal to hear the case, and a Law Lords' decision in 2008 denied the right of return; in addition, the UK created the world's largest marine protection area around the Chagos Islands prohibiting the extraction of any natural resources therein
Taiwan
Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Taiwan-China-Philippines: border dispute over the Scarborough Reef in the South China Sea; Scarborough Reef, like the Spratly Islands, is strategically located and is surrounded by abundant fishing grounds; it may also be ripe for oil and natural gas exploration
Taiwan-China-Vietnam: the Paracel Islands are occupied by China but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
Taiwan-Japan-China: in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves
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