Daten & Fakten
Spanien
Israel
Capital
Spanien
name: Madrid
geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
time zone note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)
etymology: the Romans named the original settlement "Matrice" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became "Majerit," meaning "source of water"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became "Matrit," which over time changed to "Madrid"
geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
time zone note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)
etymology: the Romans named the original settlement "Matrice" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became "Majerit," meaning "source of water"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became "Matrit," which over time changed to "Madrid"
Israel
name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
Citizenship
Spanien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Spain
dual citizenship recognized: only with select Latin American countries
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years for persons with no ties to Spain
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Spain
dual citizenship recognized: only with select Latin American countries
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years for persons with no ties to Spain
Israel
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
Legal system
Spanien
civil law system with regional variations
Israel
mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws
Suffrage
Spanien
18 years of age; universal
Israel
18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections
Area
Spanien
total: 505,370 sq km
land: 498,980 sq km
water: 6,390 sq km
note: there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
land: 498,980 sq km
water: 6,390 sq km
note: there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Israel
total: 21,937 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
Land use
Spanien
agricultural land: 54.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 36.8% (2018 est.)
other: 9.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 36.8% (2018 est.)
other: 9.1% (2018 est.)
Israel
agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
Location
Spanien
Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France
Israel
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Age structure
Spanien
0-14 years: 13.37% (male 3,226,491/female 3,087,271)
15-64 years: 66.13% (male 15,649,418/female 15,577,164)
65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 4,169,949/female 5,512,320)
15-64 years: 66.13% (male 15,649,418/female 15,577,164)
65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 4,169,949/female 5,512,320)
Israel
0-14 years: 25.96% (male 1,200,721/female 1,146,556)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
Birth rate
Spanien
7.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
19.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Spanien
10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Spanien
Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan, <5,000 speakers); note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Spanien
total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.1 years
female: 85.6 years
male: 80.1 years
female: 85.6 years
Israel
total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
Major urban areas - population
Spanien
6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)
Israel
4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)
Median age
Spanien
total: 46.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 45.2 years
female: 47.4 years
male: 45.2 years
female: 47.4 years
Israel
total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Spanien
31.2 years (2020 est.)
Israel
27.7 years (2019 est.)
Net migration rate
Spanien
4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Spanien
with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona
Israel
population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Population growth rate
Spanien
0.12% (2023 est.)
Israel
1.56% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Spanien
1.29 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Israel
2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Spanien
urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla
rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla
Israel
urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Spanien
4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Israel
7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Spanien
total: 18 years
male: 18 years
female: 19 years (2020)
male: 18 years
female: 19 years (2020)
Israel
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Spanien
-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Israel
-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Spanien
4.03% (2021 est.)
Israel
6.05% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Spanien
23.382 million (2021 est.)
Israel
4.186 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Spanien
20.7% (2018 est.)
Israel
22% (2014 est.)
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
Unemployment rate
Spanien
14.73% (2021 est.)
15.53% (2020 est.)
14.1% (2019 est.)
15.53% (2020 est.)
14.1% (2019 est.)
Israel
5.05% (2021 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Spanien
141.22% of GDP (2020 est.)
108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)
104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)
108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)
104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)
Israel
72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Spanien
3.09% (2021 est.)
-0.32% (2020 est.)
0.7% (2019 est.)
-0.32% (2020 est.)
0.7% (2019 est.)
Israel
1.49% (2021 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
Exports
Spanien
$497.868 billion (2021 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars
$393.774 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars
$486.633 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars
$393.774 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars
$486.633 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars
Israel
$143.884 billion (2021 est.)
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Spanien
France 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 8%, Portugal 8%, United Kingdom 7%, United States 5% (2019)
Israel
United States 27%, China 8%, India 4%, Germany 3%, Ireland 3% (2021)
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
Imports
Spanien
$476.678 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$375.087 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$445.719 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$375.087 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$445.719 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Israel
$124.578 billion (2021 est.)
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Spanien
Germany 13%, France 11%, China 8%, Italy 7% (2019)
Israel
China 14%, United States 11%, Turkey 7%, Germany 7%, Switzerland 5% (2021)
Airports
Spanien
135 (2021)
Israel
42 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Spanien
total: 16,188,502 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
Israel
total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Spanien
total: 44.18 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 94% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 94% (2021 est.)
Israel
total: 8.01 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Railways
Spanien
total: 15,489 km (2020) 9,953 km electrified
Israel
total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
Roadways
Spanien
total: 683,175 km (2011)
paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)
paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)
Israel
total: 20,391 km (2021)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
Telephones - fixed lines
Spanien
total subscriptions: 19,075,931 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2021 est.)
Israel
total subscriptions: 3.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Spanien
total subscriptions: 56,805,348 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Israel
total subscriptions: 12.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Spanien
1,000 km (2012)
Disputes - international
Spanien
Spain-Andorra: none identified
Spain-France: none identified
Spain-Gibraltar (UK): in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain does not recognize British sovereignty beyond the original fortified perimeter of the city and disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal
Spain-Morocco: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island), which remains unoccupied but was the site of a military standoff in 2002; Morocco serves as the primary embarkation area for illegal migration into mainland Spain from North Africa
Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Israel
Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
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