Außenwirtschaftsportal: Daten und Fakten Spanien

Daten & Fakten

Spanien

Costa Rica

Capital

Spanien

name: Madrid

geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)

etymology: the Romans named the original settlement "Matrice" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became "Majerit," meaning "source of water"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became "Matrit," which over time changed to "Madrid"

Costa Rica

name: San Jose

geographic coordinates: 9 56 N, 84 05 W

time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: named in honor of Saint Joseph

Citizenship

Spanien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Spain

dual citizenship recognized: only with select Latin American countries

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years for persons with no ties to Spain

Costa Rica

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Legal system

Spanien

civil law system with regional variations

Costa Rica

civil law system based on Spanish civil code; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court

Suffrage

Spanien

18 years of age; universal

Costa Rica

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Area

Spanien

total: 505,370 sq km

land: 498,980 sq km

water: 6,390 sq km

note: there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera

Costa Rica

total: 51,100 sq km

land: 51,060 sq km

water: 40 sq km

note: includes Isla del Coco

Land use

Spanien

agricultural land: 54.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 36.8% (2018 est.)

other: 9.1% (2018 est.)

Costa Rica

agricultural land: 37.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 25.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 51.5% (2018 est.)

other: 11.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Spanien

Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France

Costa Rica

Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama

Age structure

Spanien

0-14 years: 13.37% (male 3,226,491/female 3,087,271)

15-64 years: 66.13% (male 15,649,418/female 15,577,164)

65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 4,169,949/female 5,512,320)

Costa Rica

0-14 years: 21.49% (male 577,782/female 552,041)

15-64 years: 68.59% (male 1,813,827/female 1,791,510)

65 years and over: 9.92% (2023 est.) (male 238,971/female 282,481)

Birth rate

Spanien

7.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Costa Rica

10.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Spanien

10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Costa Rica

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Spanien

Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan, <5,000 speakers); note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Costa Rica

Spanish (official), English

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Spanien

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.1 years

female: 85.6 years

Costa Rica

total population: 79.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 77 years

female: 82.4 years

Major urban areas - population

Spanien

6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)

Costa Rica

1.462 million SAN JOSE (capital) (2023)

Median age

Spanien

total: 46.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 45.2 years

female: 47.4 years

Costa Rica

total: 35 years (2023 est.)

male: 34.4 years

female: 35.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Spanien

31.2 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Spanien

4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Costa Rica

2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Spanien

with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona

Costa Rica

roughly half of the nation's population resides in urban areas; the capital of San Jose is the largest city and home to approximately one-fifth of the population

Population growth rate

Spanien

0.12% (2023 est.)

Costa Rica

0.72% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Spanien

1.29 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Costa Rica

1.4 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Spanien

urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla

Costa Rica

urban population: 82.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Spanien

4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Costa Rica

6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Spanien

total: 18 years

male: 18 years

female: 19 years (2020)

Costa Rica

total: 17 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2019)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Spanien

-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Costa Rica

-6.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Spanien

4.03% (2021 est.)

Costa Rica

9.83% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Spanien

23.382 million (2021 est.)

Costa Rica

2.426 million (2021 est.)

note: official estimate; excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica

Population below poverty line

Spanien

20.7% (2018 est.)

Costa Rica

21% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Spanien

14.73% (2021 est.)

15.53% (2020 est.)

14.1% (2019 est.)

Costa Rica

17.95% (2021 est.)

17.41% (2020 est.)

11.49% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Spanien

141.22% of GDP (2020 est.)

108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)

104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)

Costa Rica

48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Spanien

3.09% (2021 est.)

-0.32% (2020 est.)

0.7% (2019 est.)

Costa Rica

1.73% (2021 est.)

0.72% (2020 est.)

2.1% (2019 est.)

Exports

Spanien

$497.868 billion (2021 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

$393.774 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

$486.633 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

Costa Rica

$23.761 billion (2021 est.)

$19.996 billion (2020 est.)

$22.738 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Spanien

France 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 8%, Portugal 8%, United Kingdom 7%, United States 5% (2019)

Costa Rica

United States 38%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5%, Guatemala 5%, Panama 5% (2019)

Imports

Spanien

$476.678 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$375.087 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$445.719 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Costa Rica

$22.298 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.701 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$20.314 billion (2019 est.)

Imports - partners

Spanien

Germany 13%, France 11%, China 8%, Italy 7% (2019)

Costa Rica

United States 41%, China 13%, Mexico 7% (2019)

Airports

Spanien

135 (2021)

Costa Rica

161 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Spanien

total: 16,188,502 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)

Costa Rica

total: 992,725 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Spanien

total: 44.18 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 94% (2021 est.)

Costa Rica

total: 4.316 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 83% (2021 est.)

Railways

Spanien

total: 15,489 km (2020) 9,953 km electrified

Costa Rica

total: 278 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 278 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

note: the entire rail network fell into disrepair and out of use at the end of the 20th century; since 2005, certain sections of rail have been rehabilitated

Roadways

Spanien

total: 683,175 km (2011)

paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)

Costa Rica

total: 5,035 km (2017)

Telephones - fixed lines

Spanien

total subscriptions: 19,075,931 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2021 est.)

Costa Rica

total subscriptions: 553,455 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Spanien

total subscriptions: 56,805,348 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)

Costa Rica

total subscriptions: 7,834,435 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 152 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Spanien

1,000 km (2012)

Costa Rica

730 km (2011) (seasonally navigable by small craft)

Disputes - international

Spanien

Spain-Andorra: none identified

Spain-France: none identified

Spain-Gibraltar (UK): in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain does not recognize British sovereignty beyond the original fortified perimeter of the city and disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal

Spain-Morocco: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island), which remains unoccupied but was the site of a military standoff in 2002; Morocco serves as the primary embarkation area for illegal migration into mainland Spain from North Africa

Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Costa Rica

Costa Rica and Nicaragua regularly file border dispute cases over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island to the International Court of Justice (ICJ); in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region

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