Capital

Äthiopien

name: Addis Ababa

geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding

Oman

name: Muscat

geographic coordinates: 23 37 N, 58 35 E

time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name, whose meaning is uncertain, traces back almost two millennia; two 2nd century A.D. scholars, the geographer PTOLEMY and the historian ARRIAN, both mention an Arabian Sea coastal town of Moscha, which most likely referred to Muscat

Ghana

name: Accra

geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name derives from the Akan word "nkran" meaning "ants," and refers to the numerous anthills in the area around the capital

Citizenship

Äthiopien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years

Oman

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Oman

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: unknown

Ghana

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Ghana

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Äthiopien

civil law system

Oman

mixed legal system of Anglo-Saxon law and Islamic law

Ghana

mixed system of English common law and customary law

Suffrage

Äthiopien

18 years of age; universal

Oman

21 years of age; universal; note - members of the military and security forces by law cannot vote

Ghana

18 years of age; universal

Area

Äthiopien

total: 1,104,300 sq km

land: 1,096,570 sq km

water: 7,730 sq km

note: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined

Oman

total: 309,500 sq km

land: 309,500 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Ghana

total: 238,533 sq km

land: 227,533 sq km

water: 11,000 sq km

Land use

Äthiopien

agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 15.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 12.2% (2018 est.)

other: 51.5% (2018 est.)

Oman

agricultural land: 4.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 0% (2018 est.)

other: 95.3% (2018 est.)

Ghana

agricultural land: 69.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 20.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 36.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 21.2% (2018 est.)

other: 9.7% (2018 est.)

Location

Äthiopien

Eastern Africa, west of Somalia

Oman

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE

Ghana

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo

Age structure

Äthiopien

0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)

15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)

65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827)

Oman

0-14 years: 29.88% (male 586,608/female 558,770)

15-64 years: 66.17% (male 1,404,289/female 1,132,250)

65 years and over: 3.95% (2023 est.) (male 70,976/female 80,572)

Ghana

0-14 years: 37.72% (male 6,445,288/female 6,321,989)

15-64 years: 57.92% (male 9,420,940/female 10,181,376)

65 years and over: 4.36% (2023 est.) (male 660,991/female 815,530)

Birth rate

Äthiopien

30.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

21.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Ghana

28 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Äthiopien

6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

3.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Ghana

6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Äthiopien

Oromo (official working language of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo)

የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Oman

Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Ghana

Asante 16%, Ewe 14%, Fante 11.6%, Boron (Brong) 4.9%, Dagomba 4.4%, Dangme 4.2%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.9%, Kokomba 3.5%, Akyem 3.2%, Ga 3.1%, other 31.2% (2010 est.)

note: English is the official language

Life expectancy at birth

Äthiopien

total population: 67.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 64.9 years

female: 69.4 years

Oman

total population: 77.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.2 years

female: 79.2 years

Ghana

total population: 69.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 68.1 years

female: 71.4 years

Major urban areas - population

Äthiopien

5.461 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2023)

Oman

1.650 million MUSCAT (capital) (2023)

Ghana

3.768 million Kumasi, 2.660 million ACCRA (capital), 1.078 million Sekondi Takoradi (2023)

Median age

Äthiopien

total: 20.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 20 years

female: 20.5 years

Oman

total: 27.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 27.9 years

female: 26 years

Ghana

total: 21.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 20.4 years

female: 22.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Äthiopien

19.3 years (2019 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Ghana

20.7 years (2014 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Net migration rate

Äthiopien

-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Oman

-0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Ghana

-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Äthiopien

highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map

Oman

the vast majority of the population is located in and around the Al Hagar Mountains in the north of the country; another smaller cluster is found around the city of Salalah in the far south; most of the country remains sparsely poplulated

Ghana

population is concentrated in the southern half of the country, with the highest concentrations being on or near the Atlantic coast as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

Äthiopien

2.4% (2023 est.)

Oman

1.8% (2023 est.)

Ghana

2.19% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Äthiopien

3.92 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Oman

2.67 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Ghana

3.61 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Äthiopien

urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Oman

urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Ghana

urban population: 59.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Äthiopien

4.5% of GDP (2019 est.)

Oman

5.4% of GDP (2019 est.)

Ghana

3.9% of GDP (2018 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Äthiopien

total: 9 years

male: 8 years

female: 8 years (2012)

Oman

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2021)

Ghana

total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 12 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Äthiopien

-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Oman

-13.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Ghana

-6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Äthiopien

7.26% (2021 est.)

Oman

1.05% (2021 est.)

Ghana

-0.8% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Äthiopien

56.664 million (2021 est.)

Oman

2.259 million (2021 est.)

note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national

Ghana

14.095 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Äthiopien

23.5% (2015 est.)

Oman

NA

Ghana

23.4% (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

Äthiopien

3.69% (2021 est.)

3.24% (2020 est.)

2.33% (2019 est.)

Oman

3.12% (2021 est.)

2.94% (2020 est.)

1.85% (2019 est.)

NA

Ghana

4.7% (2021 est.)

4.65% (2020 est.)

4.32% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Äthiopien

31.45% of GDP (2019 est.)

32.53% of GDP (2018 est.)

30.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

Oman

46.9% of GDP (2017 est.)

32.5% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: excludes indebtedness of state-owned enterprises

Ghana

71.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

73.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Äthiopien

26.84% (2021 est.)

20.36% (2020 est.)

15.81% (2019 est.)

Oman

1.55% (2021 est.)

-0.9% (2020 est.)

0.13% (2019 est.)

Ghana

9.97% (2021 est.)

9.89% (2020 est.)

7.14% (2019 est.)

Exports

Äthiopien

$9.496 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.715 billion (2020 est.)

$7.588 billion (2019 est.)

Oman

$46.324 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$35.72 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$43.584 billion (2019 est.)

Ghana

$23.901 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$22.077 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$25.592 billion (2019 est.)

Exports - partners

Äthiopien

China 17%, United States 16%, United Arab Emirates 8%, Saudi Arabia 6%, South Korea 5%, Germany 5% (2019)

Oman

China 46%, India 8%, Japan 6%, South Korea 6%, United Arab Emirates 6%, Saudi Arabia 5% (2019)

Ghana

Switzerland 23%, United Arab Emirates 12%, China 12%, India 9%, Netherlands 5% (2020)

Imports

Äthiopien

$20.859 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.17 billion (2020 est.)

$19.227 billion (2019 est.)

Oman

$36.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$34.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$32.569 billion (2019 est.)

Ghana

$25.967 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$24.545 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$26.908 billion (2019 est.)

Imports - partners

Äthiopien

China 27%, India 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, France 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2019)

Oman

United Arab Emirates 36%, China 10%, Japan 7%, India 7%, United States 5% (2019)

Ghana

China 42%, Netherlands 5%, United States 5%, India 5%, United Arab Emirates 3% (2020)

Airports

Äthiopien

57 (2021)

Oman

132 (2021)

Ghana

10 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Äthiopien

total: 212,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)

Oman

total: 508,949 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)

Ghana

total: 78,371 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.3 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Äthiopien

total: 20.4 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)

Oman

total: 4.32 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Ghana

total: 22.44 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 68% (2021 est.)

Railways

Äthiopien

total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

note: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor

Ghana

total: 947 km (2022)

narrow gauge: 947 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge

Roadways

Äthiopien

total: 120,171 km (2018)

Oman

total: 60,230 km (2012)

paved: 29,685 km (2012) (includes 1,943 km of expressways)

unpaved: 30,545 km (2012)

Ghana

total: 65,725 km (2021)

paved: 14,948 km (2021)

unpaved: 50,777 km (2021)

urban: 28,480 km 27% total paved 73% total unpaved

Telephones - fixed lines

Äthiopien

total subscriptions: 890,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1

Oman

total subscriptions: 572,166 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Ghana

total subscriptions: 315,271 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Äthiopien

total subscriptions: 65 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 54 (2021 est.)

Oman

total subscriptions: 6,115,537 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 135 (2021 est.)

Ghana

total subscriptions: 40,454,073 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2021 est.)

Ghana

1,293 km (2011) (168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta)

Disputes - international

Äthiopien

Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement

Ethiopia-Somalia: the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden (populated largely by ethnic Somalis) and southern Somalia's Oromo region; the Somalia-based terrorist group al-Shabaab has conducted cross-border assaults into Ethiopia as recently as 2022

Ethiopia-South Sudan: while border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force

Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile in northern Ethiopia since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; Egypt has described the giant hydroelectric project as an existential threat because of its potential to control the flow of the river that is a key source of water for the country; Ethiopia completed filling the dam in 2023

Oman

Oman-Saudi Arabia: none identified

Oman-UAE: boundary agreement reportedly signed and ratified with UAE in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsula and Al Madhah exclave, but details of the alignment have not been made public; Oman and UAE signed the final demarcation of their land border in 2008

Oman-Yemen: Oman and Yemen signed a border agreement in 1992; demarcation of their border was completed in 1995

 

Ghana

disputed maritime border with Cote d'Ivoire was resolved in 2017 through a decision of a Special Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS)