Capital

Griechenland

name: Athens

geographic coordinates: 37 59 N, 23 44 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language

Jemen

name: Sanaa

geographic coordinates: 15 21 N, 44 12 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name is reputed to mean "well-fortified" in Sabaean, the South Arabian language that went extinct in Yemen in the 6th century A.D.

Tadschikistan

name: Dushanbe

geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)

Citizenship

Griechenland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Greece

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Jemen

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Yemen; if the father is unknown, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Tadschikistan

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application

Legal system

Griechenland

civil legal system based on Roman law

Jemen

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, Napoleonic law, English common law, and customary law

Tadschikistan

civil law system

Suffrage

Griechenland

17 years of age; universal and compulsory

Jemen

18 years of age; universal

Tadschikistan

18 years of age; universal

Area

Griechenland

total: 131,957 sq km

land: 130,647 sq km

water: 1,310 sq km

Jemen

total: 527,968 sq km

land: 527,968 sq km

water: 0 sq km

note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)

Tadschikistan

total: 144,100 sq km

land: 141,510 sq km

water: 2,590 sq km

Land use

Griechenland

agricultural land: 63.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 8.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 30.5% (2018 est.)

other: 6.1% (2018 est.)

Jemen

agricultural land: 44.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 1% (2018 est.)

other: 54.5% (2018 est.)

Tadschikistan

agricultural land: 34.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 2.9% (2018 est.)

other: 62.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Griechenland

Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey

Jemen

Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia

Tadschikistan

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan

Age structure

Griechenland

0-14 years: 14.02% (male 758,311/female 713,794)

15-64 years: 62.66% (male 3,285,484/female 3,292,524)

65 years and over: 23.31% (2023 est.) (male 1,086,188/female 1,361,294)

Jemen

0-14 years: 35.14% (male 5,641,548/female 5,449,491)

15-64 years: 61.52% (male 9,829,725/female 9,590,956)

65 years and over: 3.34% (2023 est.) (male 464,548/female 589,334)

Tadschikistan

0-14 years: 29.98% (male 1,411,335/female 1,360,882)

15-64 years: 65.84% (male 3,025,782/female 3,061,836)

65 years and over: 4.18% (2023 est.) (male 159,728/female 226,374)

Birth rate

Griechenland

7.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Jemen

24.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

26.4 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Griechenland

12 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Jemen

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Griechenland

Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%

major-language sample(s):
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Jemen

Arabic (official); note - a distinct Socotri language is widely used on Socotra Island and Archipelago; Mahri is still fairly widely spoken in eastern Yemen

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Tadschikistan

Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: Russian widely used in government and business

Life expectancy at birth

Griechenland

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.2 years

female: 84.4 years

Jemen

total population: 67.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 65.5 years

female: 70.3 years

Tadschikistan

total population: 71.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.2 years

female: 73.1 years

Major urban areas - population

Griechenland

3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)

Jemen

3.292 million SANAA (capital), 1.080 million Aden, 941,000 Taiz, 772,000 Ibb (2023)

Tadschikistan

987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)

Median age

Griechenland

total: 46.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 44.3 years

female: 47.9 years

Jemen

total: 21.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 21.5 years

female: 21.8 years

Tadschikistan

total: 22.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 22.3 years

female: 23.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Griechenland

30.7 years (2020 est.)

Jemen

20.8 years (2013 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Tadschikistan

23.2 years (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

Griechenland

1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Jemen

-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Griechenland

one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters

Jemen

the vast majority of the population is found in the Asir Mountains (part of the larger Sarawat Mountain system), located in the far western region of the country

Tadschikistan

the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west

Population growth rate

Griechenland

-0.35% (2023 est.)

Jemen

1.83% (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

1.94% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Griechenland

1.4 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Jemen

2.91 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Tadschikistan

3.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Griechenland

urban population: 80.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Jemen

urban population: 39.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Tadschikistan

urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Griechenland

4.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Jemen

NA

Tadschikistan

5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Griechenland

total: 20 years

male: 20 years

female: 20 years (2020)

Tadschikistan

total: 11 years

male: 12 years

female: 11 years (2013)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Griechenland

0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Jemen

-5.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Tadschikistan

-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Griechenland

10.67% (2021 est.)

Jemen

-5.23% (2018 est.)

Tadschikistan

22.04% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Griechenland

4.619 million (2021 est.)

Jemen

7.299 million (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

2.5 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Griechenland

17.9% (2018 est.)

Jemen

48.6% (2014 est.)

Tadschikistan

26.3% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Griechenland

14.8% (2021 est.)

16.3% (2020 est.)

17.31% (2019 est.)

Jemen

13.57% (2021 est.)

13.39% (2020 est.)

13.06% (2019 est.)

Tadschikistan

7.75% (2021 est.)

7.58% (2020 est.)

7.06% (2019 est.)

note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher

Public debt

Griechenland

252.29% of GDP (2020 est.)

212.38% of GDP (2019 est.)

208.84% of GDP (2018 est.)

Jemen

74.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

68.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Tadschikistan

50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

42% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Griechenland

1.22% (2021 est.)

-1.25% (2020 est.)

0.25% (2019 est.)

Jemen

24.7% (2017 est.)

-12.6% (2016 est.)

Tadschikistan

7.7% (2019 est.)

3.9% (2018 est.)

7.3% (2017 est.)

Exports

Griechenland

$87.521 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$59.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$81.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Jemen

$384.5 million (2017 est.)

$940 million (2016 est.)

Tadschikistan

$2.161 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.409 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.243 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Griechenland

Italy 10%, Germany 7%, Turkey 5%, Cyprus 5%, Bulgaria 5% (2019)

Jemen

China 53%, Saudi Arabia 10%, United Arab Emirates 7%, Australia 5% (2019)

Tadschikistan

Turkey 24%, Switzerland 22%, Uzbekistan 16%, Kazakhstan 12%, China 10% (2019)

Imports

Griechenland

$103.532 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$71.758 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$83.192 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Jemen

$4.079 billion (2017 est.)

$3.117 billion (2016 est.)

Tadschikistan

$4.258 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.125 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.409 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Griechenland

Germany 11%, China 9%, Italy 8%, Iraq 7%, Russia 6%, Netherlands 5% (2019)

Jemen

China 25%, Turkey 10%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Saudi Arabia 8%, India 7% (2019)

Tadschikistan

China 40%, Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, Uzbekistan 5% (2019)

Airports

Griechenland

77 (2021)

Jemen

57 (2021)

Tadschikistan

24 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Griechenland

total: 4,257,026 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Jemen

total: 391,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)

Tadschikistan

total: 6,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Griechenland

total: 7.8 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 78% (2021 est.)

Jemen

total: 8,229,624 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 26.6% (2022 est.)

Tadschikistan

total: 3,009,054 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 30.4% (2022 est.)

Railways

Griechenland

total: 2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified

Tadschikistan

total: 680 km (2014)

broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge

Roadways

Griechenland

total: 117,000 km (2018)

Jemen

total: 71,300 km (2005)

paved: 6,200 km (2005)

unpaved: 65,100 km (2005)

Tadschikistan

total: 30,000 km (2018)

Telephones - fixed lines

Griechenland

total subscriptions: 4,913,036 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2021 est.)

Jemen

total subscriptions: 1.2 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

total subscriptions: 500,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Griechenland

total subscriptions: 11,494,008 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)

Jemen

total subscriptions: 15 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2021 est.)

Tadschikistan

total subscriptions: 12 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Griechenland

6 km (2012) (the 6-km-long Corinth Canal crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; it shortens a sea voyage by 325 km)

Tadschikistan

200 km (2011) (along Vakhsh River)

Disputes - international

Griechenland

Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Greece has a security wall along a portion of its land border with Turkey to deter border crossings by migrants and has announced intentions to extend the wall along the entire border

Jemen

Yemen-Oman: none identified

Yemen-Saudia Arabia: in 2004, Saudi Arabia reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal cross-border activities, including militants and arms; in 2013 and 2015, Saudi Arabia again erected fences

 

Tadschikistan

Tajikistan-Afghanistan: none identified

Tajikistan-China: in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; in 2011, Tajikistan and China ratified the 2002 border demarcation agreement whereby Tajikistan ceded approximately 1,100 square kilometers in the Pamirs to China

Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan: disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan; in May 2021, both countries agreed to a ceasefire following recent clashes at their border

Tajikistan-Uzbekistan: talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and clear minefields; as of January 2020, Uzbekistan reported that it had cleared all mines along its side of the border