Daten & Fakten
Indonesien
Costa Rica
Bahrain
Capital
Indonesien
name: Jakarta; note - Indonesian lawmakers on 18 January 2022 approved the relocation of the country’s capital from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan; Nusantara ("archipelago"), the name of the new capital, is expected to be established in August 2024
geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones
etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"
geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones
etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"
Costa Rica
name: San Jose
geographic coordinates: 9 56 N, 84 05 W
time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named in honor of Saint Joseph
geographic coordinates: 9 56 N, 84 05 W
time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named in honor of Saint Joseph
Bahrain
name: Manama
geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-manama" meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"
geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-manama" meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"
Citizenship
Indonesien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years
Costa Rica
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Bahrain
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals
Legal system
Indonesien
civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
Costa Rica
civil law system based on Spanish civil code; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court
Bahrain
mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law
Suffrage
Indonesien
17 years of age; universal; married persons regardless of age
Costa Rica
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Bahrain
20 years of age; universal
Area
Indonesien
total: 1,904,569 sq km
land: 1,811,569 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
land: 1,811,569 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
Costa Rica
total: 51,100 sq km
land: 51,060 sq km
water: 40 sq km
note: includes Isla del Coco
land: 51,060 sq km
water: 40 sq km
note: includes Isla del Coco
Bahrain
total: 760 sq km
land: 760 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 760 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Land use
Indonesien
agricultural land: 31.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 51.7% (2018 est.)
other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 51.7% (2018 est.)
other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
Costa Rica
agricultural land: 37.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 25.5% (2018 est.)
forest: 51.5% (2018 est.)
other: 11.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 25.5% (2018 est.)
forest: 51.5% (2018 est.)
other: 11.4% (2018 est.)
Bahrain
agricultural land: 11.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.7% (2018 est.)
other: 88% (2018 est.)
arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.7% (2018 est.)
other: 88% (2018 est.)
Location
Indonesien
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Costa Rica
Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
Bahrain
Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Age structure
Indonesien
0-14 years: 24.22% (male 34,627,270/female 33,066,304)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 95,267,122/female 95,063,200)
65 years and over: 7.68% (2023 est.) (male 9,892,325/female 11,560,125)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 95,267,122/female 95,063,200)
65 years and over: 7.68% (2023 est.) (male 9,892,325/female 11,560,125)
Costa Rica
0-14 years: 21.49% (male 577,782/female 552,041)
15-64 years: 68.59% (male 1,813,827/female 1,791,510)
65 years and over: 9.92% (2023 est.) (male 238,971/female 282,481)
15-64 years: 68.59% (male 1,813,827/female 1,791,510)
65 years and over: 9.92% (2023 est.) (male 238,971/female 282,481)
Bahrain
0-14 years: 18.14% (male 142,866/female 139,083)
15-64 years: 77.83% (male 759,539/female 449,848)
65 years and over: 4.03% (2023 est.) (male 32,162/female 30,388)
15-64 years: 77.83% (male 759,539/female 449,848)
65 years and over: 4.03% (2023 est.) (male 32,162/female 30,388)
Birth rate
Indonesien
15.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Costa Rica
10.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Bahrain
12.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Indonesien
6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Costa Rica
5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Bahrain
2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Indonesien
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
major-language sample(s):
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Costa Rica
Spanish (official), English
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Bahrain
Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Indonesien
total population: 73.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 71.1 years
female: 75.7 years
male: 71.1 years
female: 75.7 years
Costa Rica
total population: 79.6 years (2023 est.)
male: 77 years
female: 82.4 years
male: 77 years
female: 82.4 years
Bahrain
total population: 80.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 77.9 years
female: 82.5 years
male: 77.9 years
female: 82.5 years
Major urban areas - population
Indonesien
11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023)
Costa Rica
1.462 million SAN JOSE (capital) (2023)
Bahrain
709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)
Median age
Indonesien
total: 31.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 30.5 years
female: 32 years
male: 30.5 years
female: 32 years
Costa Rica
total: 35 years (2023 est.)
male: 34.4 years
female: 35.6 years
male: 34.4 years
female: 35.6 years
Bahrain
total: 33.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 34.6 years
female: 31 years
male: 34.6 years
female: 31 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Indonesien
22.4 years (2017 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Net migration rate
Indonesien
-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Costa Rica
2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Bahrain
-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Indonesien
major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
Costa Rica
roughly half of the nation's population resides in urban areas; the capital of San Jose is the largest city and home to approximately one-fifth of the population
Bahrain
smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq
Population growth rate
Indonesien
0.76% (2023 est.)
Costa Rica
0.72% (2023 est.)
Bahrain
0.85% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Indonesien
1.99 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Costa Rica
1.4 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Bahrain
1.66 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Indonesien
urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Costa Rica
urban population: 82.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Bahrain
urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Indonesien
3.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Costa Rica
6.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Bahrain
2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Indonesien
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2018)
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2018)
Costa Rica
total: 17 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2019)
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2019)
Bahrain
total: 16 years
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2019)
male: 16 years
female: 17 years (2019)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Indonesien
-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Costa Rica
-6.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Bahrain
-10.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Indonesien
3.42% (2021 est.)
Costa Rica
9.83% (2021 est.)
Bahrain
0.4% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Indonesien
138.119 million (2021 est.)
Costa Rica
2.426 million (2021 est.)
note: official estimate; excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica
note: official estimate; excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa Rica
Bahrain
819,100 (2021 est.)
note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
Population below poverty line
Indonesien
9.4% (2019 est.)
Costa Rica
21% (2019 est.)
Bahrain
NA
Unemployment rate
Indonesien
4.41% (2021 est.)
4.28% (2020 est.)
3.62% (2019 est.)
4.28% (2020 est.)
3.62% (2019 est.)
Costa Rica
17.95% (2021 est.)
17.41% (2020 est.)
11.49% (2019 est.)
17.41% (2020 est.)
11.49% (2019 est.)
Bahrain
1.87% (2021 est.)
1.78% (2020 est.)
1.2% (2019 est.)
note: official estimate; actual rate is higher
1.78% (2020 est.)
1.2% (2019 est.)
note: official estimate; actual rate is higher
Public debt
Indonesien
42.92% of GDP (2020 est.)
33.73% of GDP (2019 est.)
33.14% of GDP (2018 est.)
33.73% of GDP (2019 est.)
33.14% of GDP (2018 est.)
Costa Rica
48.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
44.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Bahrain
88.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Indonesien
1.56% (2021 est.)
1.92% (2020 est.)
3.03% (2019 est.)
1.92% (2020 est.)
3.03% (2019 est.)
Costa Rica
1.73% (2021 est.)
0.72% (2020 est.)
2.1% (2019 est.)
0.72% (2020 est.)
2.1% (2019 est.)
Bahrain
-0.61% (2021 est.)
-2.32% (2020 est.)
1.01% (2019 est.)
-2.32% (2020 est.)
1.01% (2019 est.)
Exports
Indonesien
$246.87 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$178.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$200.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$178.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$200.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Costa Rica
$23.761 billion (2021 est.)
$19.996 billion (2020 est.)
$22.738 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
$19.996 billion (2020 est.)
$22.738 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Bahrain
$35.235 billion (2021 est.)
$30.097 billion (2018 est.)
$26.732 billion (2017 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
$30.097 billion (2018 est.)
$26.732 billion (2017 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Exports - partners
Indonesien
China 22%, United States 11%, Japan 8%, India 6%, Singapore 5% (2021)
Costa Rica
United States 38%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5%, Guatemala 5%, Panama 5% (2019)
Bahrain
United Arab Emirates 17%, Saudi Arabia 16%, United States 7%, Japan 7%, India 4% (2021)
Imports
Indonesien
$217.715 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$159.872 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$204.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$159.872 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$204.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Costa Rica
$22.298 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$17.701 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$20.314 billion (2019 est.)
$17.701 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$20.314 billion (2019 est.)
Bahrain
$27.577 billion (2021 est.)
$27.187 billion (2018 est.)
$23.876 billion (2017 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$27.187 billion (2018 est.)
$23.876 billion (2017 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Indonesien
China 31%, Singapore 9%, Japan 7%, United States 5%, Malaysia 5% (2021)
Costa Rica
United States 41%, China 13%, Mexico 7% (2019)
Bahrain
United Arab Emirates 24%, Saudi Arabia 15%, Brazil 12%, China 9%, India 6% (2021)
Airports
Indonesien
673 (2021)
Costa Rica
161 (2021)
Bahrain
4 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Indonesien
total: 11,722,218 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)
Costa Rica
total: 992,725 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est.)
Bahrain
total: 148,928 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Indonesien
total: 167.4 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 62% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 62% (2021 est.)
Costa Rica
total: 4.316 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 83% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 83% (2021 est.)
Bahrain
total: 1.5 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)
Railways
Indonesien
total: 8,159 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)
note: 4,816 km operational
narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)
note: 4,816 km operational
Costa Rica
total: 278 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 278 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
note: the entire rail network fell into disrepair and out of use at the end of the 20th century; since 2005, certain sections of rail have been rehabilitated
narrow gauge: 278 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
note: the entire rail network fell into disrepair and out of use at the end of the 20th century; since 2005, certain sections of rail have been rehabilitated
Roadways
Indonesien
total: 496,607 km (2011)
paved: 283,102 km (2011)
unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
paved: 283,102 km (2011)
unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
Costa Rica
total: 5,035 km (2017)
Bahrain
total: 4,122 km (2010)
paved: 3,392 km (2010)
unpaved: 730 km (2010)
paved: 3,392 km (2010)
unpaved: 730 km (2010)
Telephones - fixed lines
Indonesien
total subscriptions: 8,998,814 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
Costa Rica
total subscriptions: 553,455 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2021 est.)
Bahrain
total subscriptions: 266,741 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Indonesien
total subscriptions: 365,872,608 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
Costa Rica
total subscriptions: 7,834,435 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 152 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 152 (2021 est.)
Bahrain
total subscriptions: 1,923,443 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 131 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 131 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Indonesien
21,579 km (2011)
Costa Rica
730 km (2011) (seasonally navigable by small craft)
Disputes - international
Indonesien
Indonesia-Australia: all borders have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Indonesia-Malaysia: territorial disputes resulting from competing interpretations of colonial era documents have prevented a full demarcation of the land border where there are several areas under dispute; negotiations continue; the two countries have not agreed to any EEZ boundaries; disputed maritime areas includes the Ambalat block in the Celebes Sea
Indonesia-Palau: discussions on reaching an agreement on a partial EEZ boundary line continue
Indonesia-Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea ratified an agreement governing the border in 2023; migrants and separatists crossing the porous 760-kilometer (472-mile) border have complicated diplomatic relations
Indonesia-Philippines: have ratified EEZ boundary agreements that were initially signed in 2014
Indonesia-Singapore: continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island
Indonesia-Timor Leste: as of 2023, negotiations were ongoing on remaining two segments of the land border under dispute (Bidjael Sunan-Oben and Noel Besi-Citrana) and the maritime borders from Batugade to Atauro and from Atauro to Jaco
Indonesia-Vietnam: agreed on a continental shelf boundary agreement with Vietnam in 2003 which produced a border around 250 nautical miles long, but the two countries continue to negotiate an agreement regarding EEZ delimitations in the South China Sea
Costa Rica
Costa Rica and Nicaragua regularly file border dispute cases over the delimitations of the San Juan River and the northern tip of Calero Island to the International Court of Justice (ICJ); in 2009, the ICJ ruled that Costa Rican vessels carrying out police activities could not use the river, but official Costa Rican vessels providing essential services to riverside inhabitants and Costa Rican tourists could travel freely on the river; in 2011, the ICJ provisionally ruled that both countries must remove personnel from the disputed area; in 2013, the ICJ rejected Nicaragua's 2012 suit to halt Costa Rica's construction of a highway paralleling the river on the grounds of irreparable environmental damage; in 2013, the ICJ, regarding the disputed territory, ordered that Nicaragua should refrain from dredging or canal construction and refill and repair damage caused by trenches connecting the river to the Caribbean and upheld its 2010 ruling that Nicaragua must remove all personnel; in early 2014, Costa Rica brought Nicaragua to the ICJ over offshore oil concessions in the disputed region
Bahrain
none identified
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