Daten & Fakten
Irak
Mosambik
Iran
Capital
Irak
name: Baghdad
geographic coordinates: 33 20 N, 44 24 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: although the origin of the name is disputed, it likely has compound Persian roots with bagh and dad meaning "god" and "given" respectively to create the meaning of "bestowed by God"
geographic coordinates: 33 20 N, 44 24 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: although the origin of the name is disputed, it likely has compound Persian roots with bagh and dad meaning "god" and "given" respectively to create the meaning of "bestowed by God"
Mosambik
name: Maputo
geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city
geographic coordinates: 25 57 S, 32 35 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: reputedly named after the Maputo River, which drains into Maputo Bay south of the city
Islamische Republik Iran
name: Tehran
geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September
etymology: various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words tah meaning "end or bottom" and ran meaning "[mountain] slope" to signify "bottom of the mountain slope"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains
geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September
etymology: various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words tah meaning "end or bottom" and ran meaning "[mountain] slope" to signify "bottom of the mountain slope"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains
Citizenship
Irak
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Iraq
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Iraq
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Mosambik
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mozambique
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Islamische Republik Iran
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Iran
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Iran
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Irak
mixed legal system of civil and Islamic law
Mosambik
mixed legal system of Portuguese civil law and customary law
Islamische Republik Iran
religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law
Suffrage
Irak
18 years of age; universal
Mosambik
18 years of age; universal
Islamische Republik Iran
18 years of age; universal
Area
Irak
total: 438,317 sq km
land: 437,367 sq km
water: 950 sq km
land: 437,367 sq km
water: 950 sq km
Mosambik
total: 799,380 sq km
land: 786,380 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km
land: 786,380 sq km
water: 13,000 sq km
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 1,648,195 sq km
land: 1,531,595 sq km
water: 116,600 sq km
land: 1,531,595 sq km
water: 116,600 sq km
Land use
Irak
agricultural land: 18.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 1.9% (2018 est.)
other: 80% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 9.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 1.9% (2018 est.)
other: 80% (2018 est.)
Mosambik
agricultural land: 56.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 49.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 43.7% (2018 est.)
other: 0% (2018 est.)
arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 49.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 43.7% (2018 est.)
other: 0% (2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
agricultural land: 30.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.8% (2018 est.)
other: 63.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.8% (2018 est.)
other: 63.1% (2018 est.)
Location
Irak
Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Mosambik
Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Islamische Republik Iran
Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Age structure
Irak
0-14 years: 35.24% (male 7,428,445/female 7,113,723)
15-64 years: 61.17% (male 12,692,897/female 12,548,936)
65 years and over: 3.59% (2023 est.) (male 658,844/female 823,264)
15-64 years: 61.17% (male 12,692,897/female 12,548,936)
65 years and over: 3.59% (2023 est.) (male 658,844/female 823,264)
Mosambik
0-14 years: 45% (male 7,413,197/female 7,217,953)
15-64 years: 52.1% (male 8,153,175/female 8,787,792)
65 years and over: 2.9% (2023 est.) (male 461,904/female 479,784)
15-64 years: 52.1% (male 8,153,175/female 8,787,792)
65 years and over: 2.9% (2023 est.) (male 461,904/female 479,784)
Islamische Republik Iran
0-14 years: 23.51% (male 10,533,573/female 10,060,225)
15-64 years: 69.82% (male 31,140,117/female 30,014,613)
65 years and over: 6.67% (2023 est.) (male 2,723,298/female 3,119,047)
15-64 years: 69.82% (male 31,140,117/female 30,014,613)
65 years and over: 6.67% (2023 est.) (male 2,723,298/female 3,119,047)
Birth rate
Irak
24.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Mosambik
36.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
14.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Irak
3.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Mosambik
9.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Irak
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official); Turkmen (a Turkish dialect) and Syriac (Neo-Aramaic) are recognized as official languages where native speakers of these languages are present; Iraqis have the right to be educated in their native language
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish)
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن مصدر للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Mosambik
Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
Persian Farsi (official), Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic
major-language sample(s):
چکیده نامه جهان، منبعی ضروری برای کسب اطلاعات کلی جهان (Persian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
چکیده نامه جهان، منبعی ضروری برای کسب اطلاعات کلی جهان (Persian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Irak
total population: 73.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 71.6 years
female: 75.4 years
male: 71.6 years
female: 75.4 years
Mosambik
total population: 57.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 56.4 years
female: 59 years
male: 56.4 years
female: 59 years
Islamische Republik Iran
total population: 75.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 74.1 years
female: 76.9 years
male: 74.1 years
female: 76.9 years
Major urban areas - population
Irak
7.711 million BAGHDAD (capital), 1.792 million Mosul, 1.448 million Basra, 1.075 million Kirkuk, 958,000 Najaf, 897,000 Erbil (2023)
Mosambik
1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023)
Islamische Republik Iran
9.500 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.368 million Mashhad, 2.258 million Esfahan, 1.721 million Shiraz, 1.661 million Tabriz, 1.594 million Karaj (2023)
Median age
Irak
total: 22.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 21.7 years
female: 22.4 years
male: 21.7 years
female: 22.4 years
Mosambik
total: 17.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 16.6 years
female: 17.8 years
male: 16.6 years
female: 17.8 years
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 33.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 33.1 years
female: 33.5 years
male: 33.1 years
female: 33.5 years
Mosambik
19.2 years (2011 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Net migration rate
Irak
-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Mosambik
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Irak
population is concentrated in the north, center, and eastern parts of the country, with many of the larger urban agglomerations found along extensive parts of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers; much of the western and southern areas are either lightly populated or uninhabited
Mosambik
three large populations clusters are found along the southern coast between Maputo and Inhambane, in the central area between Beira and Chimoio along the Zambezi River, and in and around the northern cities of Nampula, Cidade de Nacala, and Pemba; the northwest and southwest are the least populated areas as shown in this population distribution map
Islamische Republik Iran
population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much lower population density
Population growth rate
Irak
1.94% (2023 est.)
Mosambik
2.55% (2023 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
0.93% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Irak
3.17 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Mosambik
4.74 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
1.92 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Irak
urban population: 71.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.91% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Mosambik
urban population: 38.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 4.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
urban population: 77.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Irak
4.7% of GDP (2016)
Mosambik
6.3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Mosambik
total: 10 years
male: 10 years
female: 9 years (2017)
male: 10 years
female: 9 years (2017)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Irak
-4.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Mosambik
-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Irak
-1.14% (2021 est.)
Mosambik
-0.42% (2019 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
3.21% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Irak
11.184 million (2021 est.)
Mosambik
14.137 million (2021 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
27.682 million (2021 est.)
note: shortage of skilled labor
note: shortage of skilled labor
Population below poverty line
Irak
23% (2014 est.)
Mosambik
46.1% (2014 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
18.7% (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate
Irak
14.19% (2021 est.)
14.09% (2020 est.)
12.86% (2019 est.)
14.09% (2020 est.)
12.86% (2019 est.)
Mosambik
3.98% (2021 est.)
3.81% (2020 est.)
3.47% (2019 est.)
3.81% (2020 est.)
3.47% (2019 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
11.46% (2021 est.)
12.17% (2020 est.)
10.74% (2019 est.)
note: data are Iranian Government numbers
12.17% (2020 est.)
10.74% (2019 est.)
note: data are Iranian Government numbers
Public debt
Irak
27.44% of GDP (2018 est.)
35.86% of GDP (2017 est.)
29.48% of GDP (2016 est.)
35.86% of GDP (2017 est.)
29.48% of GDP (2016 est.)
Mosambik
102.88% of GDP (2020 est.)
79.51% of GDP (2019 est.)
82.3% of GDP (2018 est.)
79.51% of GDP (2019 est.)
82.3% of GDP (2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Irak
6.04% (2021 est.)
0.57% (2020 est.)
-0.2% (2019 est.)
0.57% (2020 est.)
-0.2% (2019 est.)
Mosambik
5.69% (2021 est.)
3.14% (2020 est.)
2.78% (2019 est.)
3.14% (2020 est.)
2.78% (2019 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
43.39% (2021 est.)
30.59% (2020 est.)
39.91% (2019 est.)
note: official Iranian estimate
30.59% (2020 est.)
39.91% (2019 est.)
note: official Iranian estimate
Exports
Irak
$78.261 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$50.632 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$88.903 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$50.632 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$88.903 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Mosambik
$6.404 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$4.37 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$4.37 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$5.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Islamische Republik Iran
$101.4 billion (2017 est.)
$83.98 billion (2016 est.)
$83.98 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - partners
Irak
China 26%, India 24%, South Korea 9%, United States 8%, Italy 6%, Greece 6% (2019)
Mosambik
South Africa 16%, India 13%, China 12%, Italy 7%, United Arab Emirates 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Islamische Republik Iran
China 48%, India 12%, South Korea 8%, Turkey 6%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)
Imports
Irak
$50.707 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.722 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$72.283 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.722 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$72.283 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Mosambik
$10.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.63 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$9.503 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.63 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$9.503 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Islamische Republik Iran
$76.39 billion (2017 est.)
$63.14 billion (2016 est.)
$63.14 billion (2016 est.)
Imports - partners
Irak
United Arab Emirates 28%, Turkey 21%, China 19% (2019)
Mosambik
South Africa 31%, India 18%, China 17% (2019)
Islamische Republik Iran
China 28%, United Arab Emirates 20%, India 11%, Turkey 7%, Brazil 6%, Germany 5% (2019)
Airports
Irak
102 (2021)
Mosambik
98 (2021)
Islamische Republik Iran
319 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Irak
total: 6,254,099 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2020 est.)
Mosambik
total: 70,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 9,564,195 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Irak
total: 21.56 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 49% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 49% (2021 est.)
Mosambik
total: 5.44 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 69.52 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
Railways
Irak
total: 2,272 km (2014)
standard gauge: 2,272 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 2,272 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
Mosambik
total: 4,787 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 4,787 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
narrow gauge: 4,787 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 8,483.5 km (2014)
standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified)
broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge
standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified)
broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge
Roadways
Irak
total: 59,623 km (2012)
paved: 59,623 km (2012) (includes Kurdistan region)
paved: 59,623 km (2012) (includes Kurdistan region)
Mosambik
total: 31,083 km (2015)
paved: 7,365 km (2015)
unpaved: 23,718 km (2015)
paved: 7,365 km (2015)
unpaved: 23,718 km (2015)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 223,485 km (2018)
paved: 195,485 km (2018)
unpaved: 28,000 km (2018)
paved: 195,485 km (2018)
unpaved: 28,000 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines
Irak
total subscriptions: 3,048,736 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
Mosambik
total subscriptions: 59,682 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
Islamische Republik Iran
total subscriptions: 29,306,782 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Irak
total subscriptions: 37,649,112 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 86 (2021 est.)
Mosambik
total subscriptions: 13,686,234 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total subscriptions: 135,899,424 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Irak
5,279 km (2012) (the Euphrates River (2,815 km), Tigris River (1,899 km), and Third River (565 km) are the principal waterways)
Mosambik
460 km (2010) (Zambezi River navigable to Tete and along Cahora Bassa Lake)
Islamische Republik Iran
850 km (2012) (on Karun River; some navigation on Lake Urmia)
Disputes - international
Irak
Iraq-Iran: Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf
Iraq-Kuwait: undemarcated maritime boundary; Kuwait has called on Iraq to resolve the domestic legal status of the 2012 Kuwait-Iraq Agreement to regulate maritime navigation in Khor Abdullah and ensure that the agreement remains in force
Iraq-Turkey: Turkey maintains a military presence in northern Iraq to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK) terrorist group; it periodically conducts air strikes and has conducted large military operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018, and smaller-scale operations in 2021 and 2022
Mosambik
Mozambique-Eswatini: none identified
Mozambique-Malawi: the two countries have held exercises to reaffirm boundaries a number of times
Mozambique-South Africa: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration
Mozambique-Tanzania: none identified
Mozambique-Zambia: none identified
Mozambique-Zimbabwe: none identified
Islamische Republik Iran
Iran-Afghanistan: Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey
Iran-Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified a Caspian seabed delimitation treaty in 2018 based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea
Iran-Iraq: Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf
Iran-Kuwait: dispute over undemarcated maritime border and Al Durra offshore gasfield in the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Iran-UAE: Iran and UAE dispute the Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa islands, which are occupied by Iran; Iran has conducted military drills on and around the disputed islands
Caspian Sea (Maritime Boundary): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea
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