Daten & Fakten
Israel
Indonesien
Tunesien
Capital
Israel
name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
Indonesien
name: Jakarta; note - Indonesian lawmakers on 18 January 2022 approved the relocation of the country’s capital from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan; Nusantara ("archipelago"), the name of the new capital, is expected to be established in August 2024
geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones
etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"
geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones
etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"
Tunesien
name: Tunis
geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word "ens," which means "to lie down" or "to pass the night," may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors
geographic coordinates: 36 48 N, 10 11 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: three possibilities exist for the derivation of the name; originally a Berber settlement (earliest reference 4th century B.C.), the strategic site fell to the Carthaginians (Phoenicians) and the city could be named after the Punic goddess Tanit, since many ancient cities were named after patron deities; alternatively, the Berber root word "ens," which means "to lie down" or "to pass the night," may indicate that the site was originally a camp or rest stop; finally, the name may be the same as the city of Tynes, mentioned in the writings of some ancient authors
Citizenship
Israel
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
Indonesien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years
Tunesien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tunisia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Israel
mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws
Indonesien
civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
Tunesien
mixed legal system of civil law, based on the French civil code and Islamic (sharia) law; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session
Suffrage
Israel
18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections
Indonesien
17 years of age; universal; married persons regardless of age
Tunesien
18 years of age; universal except for active government security forces (including the police and the military), people with mental disabilities, people who have served more than three months in prison (criminal cases only), and people given a suspended sentence of more than six months
Area
Israel
total: 21,937 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
Indonesien
total: 1,904,569 sq km
land: 1,811,569 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
land: 1,811,569 sq km
water: 93,000 sq km
Tunesien
total: 163,610 sq km
land: 155,360 sq km
water: 8,250 sq km
land: 155,360 sq km
water: 8,250 sq km
Land use
Israel
agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
Indonesien
agricultural land: 31.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 51.7% (2018 est.)
other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 51.7% (2018 est.)
other: 17.1% (2018 est.)
Tunesien
agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
other: 28.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 18.3% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 15.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 31.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.6% (2018 est.)
other: 28.6% (2018 est.)
Location
Israel
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Indonesien
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Tunesien
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Age structure
Israel
0-14 years: 25.96% (male 1,200,721/female 1,146,556)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
Indonesien
0-14 years: 24.22% (male 34,627,270/female 33,066,304)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 95,267,122/female 95,063,200)
65 years and over: 7.68% (2023 est.) (male 9,892,325/female 11,560,125)
15-64 years: 68.1% (male 95,267,122/female 95,063,200)
65 years and over: 7.68% (2023 est.) (male 9,892,325/female 11,560,125)
Tunesien
0-14 years: 24.77% (male 1,529,179/female 1,436,771)
15-64 years: 65.26% (male 3,843,642/female 3,971,509)
65 years and over: 9.98% (2023 est.) (male 566,265/female 628,816)
15-64 years: 65.26% (male 3,843,642/female 3,971,509)
65 years and over: 9.98% (2023 est.) (male 566,265/female 628,816)
Birth rate
Israel
19.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Indonesien
15.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Tunesien
14.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Israel
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Indonesien
6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Tunesien
6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Indonesien
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
major-language sample(s):
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Tunesien
Arabic (official, one of the languages of commerce), French (commerce), Berber (Tamazight); note - despite having no official status, French plays a major role in the country and is spoken by about two thirds of the population
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، أحسن كتاب تتعلم به المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Israel
total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
Indonesien
total population: 73.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 71.1 years
female: 75.7 years
male: 71.1 years
female: 75.7 years
Tunesien
total population: 77.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 75.4 years
female: 78.8 years
male: 75.4 years
female: 78.8 years
Major urban areas - population
Israel
4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)
Indonesien
11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023)
Tunesien
2.475 million TUNIS (capital) (2023)
Median age
Israel
total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
Indonesien
total: 31.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 30.5 years
female: 32 years
male: 30.5 years
female: 32 years
Tunesien
total: 34 years (2023 est.)
male: 33.2 years
female: 34.7 years
male: 33.2 years
female: 34.7 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Israel
27.7 years (2019 est.)
Indonesien
22.4 years (2017 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Net migration rate
Israel
1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Indonesien
-0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Tunesien
-1.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Israel
population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Indonesien
major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated
Tunesien
the overwhelming majority of the population is located in the northern half of the country; the south remains largely underpopulated as shown in this population distribution map
Population growth rate
Israel
1.56% (2023 est.)
Indonesien
0.76% (2023 est.)
Tunesien
0.63% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Israel
2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Indonesien
1.99 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Tunesien
1.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Israel
urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Indonesien
urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Tunesien
urban population: 70.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.34% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Israel
7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Indonesien
3.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Tunesien
7.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Israel
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Indonesien
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2018)
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2018)
Tunesien
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2016)
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2016)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Israel
-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Indonesien
-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Tunesien
-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Israel
6.05% (2021 est.)
Indonesien
3.42% (2021 est.)
Tunesien
8.6% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Israel
4.186 million (2021 est.)
Indonesien
138.119 million (2021 est.)
Tunesien
4.226 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Israel
22% (2014 est.)
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
Indonesien
9.4% (2019 est.)
Tunesien
15.2% (2015 est.)
Unemployment rate
Israel
5.05% (2021 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
Indonesien
4.41% (2021 est.)
4.28% (2020 est.)
3.62% (2019 est.)
4.28% (2020 est.)
3.62% (2019 est.)
Tunesien
16.82% (2021 est.)
16.59% (2020 est.)
15.13% (2019 est.)
16.59% (2020 est.)
15.13% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Israel
72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
Indonesien
42.92% of GDP (2020 est.)
33.73% of GDP (2019 est.)
33.14% of GDP (2018 est.)
33.73% of GDP (2019 est.)
33.14% of GDP (2018 est.)
Tunesien
70.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
62.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Israel
1.49% (2021 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
Indonesien
1.56% (2021 est.)
1.92% (2020 est.)
3.03% (2019 est.)
1.92% (2020 est.)
3.03% (2019 est.)
Tunesien
5.71% (2021 est.)
5.63% (2020 est.)
6.72% (2019 est.)
5.63% (2020 est.)
6.72% (2019 est.)
Exports
Israel
$143.884 billion (2021 est.)
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Indonesien
$246.87 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$178.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$200.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$178.418 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$200.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Tunesien
$19.743 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$16.017 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$19.175 billion (2019 est.)
$16.017 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$19.175 billion (2019 est.)
Exports - partners
Israel
United States 27%, China 8%, India 4%, Germany 3%, Ireland 3% (2021)
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
Indonesien
China 22%, United States 11%, Japan 8%, India 6%, Singapore 5% (2021)
Tunesien
France 29%, Italy 17%, Germany 13% (2019)
Imports
Israel
$124.578 billion (2021 est.)
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Indonesien
$217.715 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$159.872 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$204.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$159.872 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$204.23 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Tunesien
$24.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$19.603 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$23.546 billion (2019 est.)
$19.603 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$23.546 billion (2019 est.)
Imports - partners
Israel
China 14%, United States 11%, Turkey 7%, Germany 7%, Switzerland 5% (2021)
Indonesien
China 31%, Singapore 9%, Japan 7%, United States 5%, Malaysia 5% (2021)
Tunesien
France 17%, Italy 16%, Germany 8%, China 8%, Algeria 7% (2019)
Airports
Israel
42 (2021)
Indonesien
673 (2021)
Tunesien
29 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Israel
total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Indonesien
total: 11,722,218 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)
Tunesien
total: 1,334,059 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Israel
total: 8.01 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Indonesien
total: 167.4 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 62% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 62% (2021 est.)
Tunesien
total: 9.48 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
Railways
Israel
total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
Indonesien
total: 8,159 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)
note: 4,816 km operational
narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified)
note: 4,816 km operational
Tunesien
total: 2,173 km (2014) (1,991 in use)
standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)
dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge
standard gauge: 471 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 1,694 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified)
dual gauge: 8 km (2014) 1.435-1.000-m gauge
Roadways
Israel
total: 20,391 km (2021)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
Indonesien
total: 496,607 km (2011)
paved: 283,102 km (2011)
unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
paved: 283,102 km (2011)
unpaved: 213,505 km (2011)
Tunesien
paved: 20,000 km (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines
Israel
total subscriptions: 3.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
Indonesien
total subscriptions: 8,998,814 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
Tunesien
total subscriptions: 1.7 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Israel
total subscriptions: 12.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Indonesien
total subscriptions: 365,872,608 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
Tunesien
total subscriptions: 16 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)
Indonesien
21,579 km (2011)
Disputes - international
Israel
Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
Indonesien
Indonesia-Australia: all borders have been agreed upon bilaterally, but a 1997 treaty that would settle the last of their maritime and EEZ boundary has yet to be ratified by Indonesia's legislature; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches
Indonesia-Malaysia: territorial disputes resulting from competing interpretations of colonial era documents have prevented a full demarcation of the land border where there are several areas under dispute; negotiations continue; the two countries have not agreed to any EEZ boundaries; disputed maritime areas includes the Ambalat block in the Celebes Sea
Indonesia-Palau: discussions on reaching an agreement on a partial EEZ boundary line continue
Indonesia-Papua New Guinea: Papua New Guinea ratified an agreement governing the border in 2023; migrants and separatists crossing the porous 760-kilometer (472-mile) border have complicated diplomatic relations
Indonesia-Philippines: have ratified EEZ boundary agreements that were initially signed in 2014
Indonesia-Singapore: continue to work on finalizing their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island
Indonesia-Timor Leste: as of 2023, negotiations were ongoing on remaining two segments of the land border under dispute (Bidjael Sunan-Oben and Noel Besi-Citrana) and the maritime borders from Batugade to Atauro and from Atauro to Jaco
Indonesia-Vietnam: agreed on a continental shelf boundary agreement with Vietnam in 2003 which produced a border around 250 nautical miles long, but the two countries continue to negotiate an agreement regarding EEZ delimitations in the South China Sea
Tunesien
none identified
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