Daten & Fakten
Israel
Libyen
Marokko
Capital
Israel
name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
Libyen
name: Tripoli (Tarabulus)
geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning "region of the three cities" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of "Tripoli" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words tria and polis meaning "three cities"
geographic coordinates: 32 53 N, 13 10 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: originally founded by the Phoenicians as Oea in the 7th century B.C., the city changed rulers many times over the successive centuries; by the beginning of the 3rd century A.D. the region around the city was referred to as Regio Tripolitana by the Romans, meaning "region of the three cities" - namely Oea (i.e., modern Tripoli), Sabratha (to the west), and Leptis Magna (to the east); over time, the shortened name of "Tripoli" came to refer to just Oea, which derives from the Greek words tria and polis meaning "three cities"
Marokko
name: Rabat
geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: name derives from the Arabic title "Ribat el-Fath," meaning "stronghold of victory," applied to the newly constructed citadel in 1170
geographic coordinates: 34 01 N, 6 49 W
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: name derives from the Arabic title "Ribat el-Fath," meaning "stronghold of victory," applied to the newly constructed citadel in 1170
Citizenship
Israel
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
Libyen
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent or grandparent must be a citizen of Libya
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: varies from 3 to 5 years
Marokko
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Morocco; if the father is unknown or stateless, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Morocco; if the father is unknown or stateless, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Israel
mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws
Libyen
Libya's post-revolution legal system is in flux and driven by state and non-state entities
Marokko
mixed legal system of civil law based on French civil law and Islamic (sharia) law; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court
Suffrage
Israel
18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections
Libyen
18 years of age, universal
Marokko
18 years of age; universal
Area
Israel
total: 21,937 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
Libyen
total: 1,759,540 sq km
land: 1,759,540 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 1,759,540 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Marokko
total: 716,550 sq km
land: 716,300 sq km
water: 250 sq km
land: 716,300 sq km
water: 250 sq km
Land use
Israel
agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
Libyen
agricultural land: 8.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)
other: 91.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.1% (2018 est.)
other: 91.1% (2018 est.)
Marokko
agricultural land: 67.5% (2018 est.)
arable land: 17.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 47.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 11.5% (2018 est.)
other: 21% (2018 est.)
note: does not include the area of the former Western Sahara, which is almost exclusively desert
arable land: 17.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 47.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 11.5% (2018 est.)
other: 21% (2018 est.)
note: does not include the area of the former Western Sahara, which is almost exclusively desert
Location
Israel
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Libyen
Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria
Marokko
Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Mauritania
Age structure
Israel
0-14 years: 25.96% (male 1,200,721/female 1,146,556)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
Libyen
0-14 years: 32.81% (male 1,213,850/female 1,166,039)
15-64 years: 62.8% (male 2,340,685/female 2,213,782)
65 years and over: 4.39% (2023 est.) (male 143,737/female 174,480)
15-64 years: 62.8% (male 2,340,685/female 2,213,782)
65 years and over: 4.39% (2023 est.) (male 143,737/female 174,480)
Marokko
0-14 years: 26.01% (male 4,919,266/female 4,722,463)
15-64 years: 65.92% (male 12,124,939/female 12,311,552)
65 years and over: 8.06% (2023 est.) (male 1,455,355/female 1,533,845)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
15-64 years: 65.92% (male 12,124,939/female 12,311,552)
65 years and over: 8.06% (2023 est.) (male 1,455,355/female 1,533,845)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Birth rate
Israel
19.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Libyen
20.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Marokko
17.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Death rate
Israel
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Libyen
3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Marokko
6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Languages
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Libyen
Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Berber (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq)
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Marokko
Arabic (official), Berber languages (Tamazight (official), Tachelhit, Tarifit), French (often the language of business, government, and diplomacy); note - the proportion of Berber speakers is disputed
major-language sample(s):
كتاب ديال لحقائق متاع العالم، احسن مصدر متاع المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب ديال لحقائق متاع العالم، احسن مصدر متاع المعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Israel
total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
Libyen
total population: 77.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 75.2 years
female: 79.8 years
male: 75.2 years
female: 79.8 years
Marokko
total population: 74 years (2023 est.)
male: 72.3 years
female: 75.7 years
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
male: 72.3 years
female: 75.7 years
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Major urban areas - population
Israel
4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)
Libyen
1.183 million TRIPOLI (capital), 984,000 Misratah, 859,000 Benghazi (2023)
Marokko
3.893 million Casablanca, 1.959 million RABAT (capital), 1.290 million Fes, 1.314 million Tangier, 1.050 million Marrakech, 979,000 Agadir (2023)
Median age
Israel
total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
Libyen
total: 26.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 26.1 years
female: 26.1 years
male: 26.1 years
female: 26.1 years
Marokko
total: 30.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.8 years
female: 30.7 years
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
male: 29.8 years
female: 30.7 years
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Mother's mean age at first birth
Israel
27.7 years (2019 est.)
Net migration rate
Israel
1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Libyen
-2.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Marokko
-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Population distribution
Israel
population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Libyen
well over 90% of the population lives along the Mediterranean coast in and between Tripoli to the west and Al Bayda to the east; the interior remains vastly underpopulated due to the Sahara and lack of surface water as shown in this population distribution map
Marokko
the highest population density is found along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts; a number of densely populated agglomerations are found scattered through the Atlas Mountains as shown in this population distribution map
Population growth rate
Israel
1.56% (2023 est.)
Libyen
1.54% (2023 est.)
Marokko
0.88% (2023 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Total fertility rate
Israel
2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Libyen
3.04 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Marokko
2.27 children born/woman (2023 est.)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Urbanization
Israel
urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Libyen
urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Marokko
urban population: 65.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
rate of urbanization: 1.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data does not include former Western Sahara
Education expenditures
Israel
7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Libyen
NA
Marokko
6.8% of GDP (2020)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Israel
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Marokko
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2021)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2021)
note: does not include data from the former Western Sahara
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Israel
-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Libyen
-25.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Marokko
-3.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Israel
6.05% (2021 est.)
Libyen
-10.57% (2019 est.)
Marokko
6.84% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Israel
4.186 million (2021 est.)
Libyen
2.28 million (2021 est.)
Marokko
11.814 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Israel
22% (2014 est.)
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
Libyen
note: about one-third of Libyans live at or below the national poverty line
Marokko
4.8% (2013 est.)
Unemployment rate
Israel
5.05% (2021 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
Libyen
19.58% (2021 est.)
20.07% (2020 est.)
19.66% (2019 est.)
20.07% (2020 est.)
19.66% (2019 est.)
Marokko
11.47% (2021 est.)
11.45% (2020 est.)
9.28% (2019 est.)
11.45% (2020 est.)
9.28% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Israel
72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
Libyen
4.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
Marokko
65.1% of GDP (2017 est.)
64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
64.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Israel
1.49% (2021 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
Libyen
28.5% (2017 est.)
25.9% (2016 est.)
25.9% (2016 est.)
Marokko
1.4% (2021 est.)
0.71% (2020 est.)
0.3% (2019 est.)
0.71% (2020 est.)
0.3% (2019 est.)
Exports
Israel
$143.884 billion (2021 est.)
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Libyen
$9.537 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$29.326 billion (2019 est.)
$29.964 billion (2018 est.)
$29.326 billion (2019 est.)
$29.964 billion (2018 est.)
Marokko
$47.078 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$37.545 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$44.048 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$37.545 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$44.048 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Israel
United States 27%, China 8%, India 4%, Germany 3%, Ireland 3% (2021)
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
Libyen
Italy 18%, China 16%, Germany 15%, Spain 15%, United Arab Emirates 6%, France 6%, United States 5% (2019)
Marokko
Spain 20%, France 19%, India 5%, Brazil 5%, Italy 5% (2021)
Imports
Israel
$124.578 billion (2021 est.)
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Libyen
$14.334 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$25.368 billion (2019 est.)
$18.849 billion (2018 est.)
$25.368 billion (2019 est.)
$18.849 billion (2018 est.)
Marokko
$60.047 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$46.358 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$46.358 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$54.097 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Israel
China 14%, United States 11%, Turkey 7%, Germany 7%, Switzerland 5% (2021)
Libyen
China 16%, Turkey 14%, Italy 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Egypt 5% (2019)
Marokko
Spain 19%, France 11%, China 9%, United States 7%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5%, Italy 5% (2019)
Airports
Israel
42 (2021)
Libyen
146 (2021)
Marokko
62 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Israel
total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Libyen
total: 332,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2020 est.)
Marokko
total: 2,102,434 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Israel
total: 8.01 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Libyen
total: 3,095,400 (2021 est.)
percent of population: 46.2% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 46.2% (2021 est.)
Marokko
total: 32.56 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 88% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 88% (2021 est.)
Railways
Israel
total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
Marokko
total: 2,067 km (2014)
standard gauge: 2,067 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified)
standard gauge: 2,067 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (1,022 km electrified)
Roadways
Israel
total: 20,391 km (2021)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
Libyen
total: 37,000 km (2010)
paved: 34,000 km (2010)
unpaved: 3,000 km (2010)
paved: 34,000 km (2010)
unpaved: 3,000 km (2010)
Marokko
total: 57,300 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines
Israel
total subscriptions: 3.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
Libyen
total subscriptions: 1.6 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2021 est.)
Marokko
total subscriptions: 2,460,155 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Israel
total subscriptions: 12.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Libyen
total subscriptions: 2.9 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2021 est.)
Marokko
total subscriptions: 52.012 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 139 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 139 (2021 est.)
Disputes - international
Israel
Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
Libyen
Libya-Algeria: dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km still reflected on its maps of southeastern Algeria
Libya-Chad: various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya; Libyan forces clashed with Chadian rebels in September 2021
Libya-Egypt: none identified
Libya-Niger: the boundary is poorly defined but has never been disputed by either country
Libya-Sudan: none identified
Libya-Tunisia: none identified
Marokko
Morocco-Algeria: Algeria's border with Morocco remains an irritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling
Morocco-Mauritania: tensions arose in 2016 when Mauritanian soldiers were deployed to Lagouira, a city in the southernmost part of Morocco, and raised their flag
Morocco-Spain: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera, the islands of Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island); discussions have not progressed on a comprehensive maritime delimitation, setting limits on resource exploration and refugee interdiction, since Morocco's 2002 rejection of Spain's unilateral designation of a median line from the Canary Islands; Morocco serves as one of the primary launching areas of illegal migration into Spain from North Africa
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