Capital

Italien

name: Rome

geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 29 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: by tradition, named after Romulus, one of the legendary founders of the city and its first king

Kirgisistan

name: Bishkek

geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E

time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: founded in 1868 as a Russian settlement on the site of a previously destroyed fortress named "Pishpek"; the name was retained and overtime became "Bishkek"

Citizenship

Italien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Italy

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years for EU nationals, 5 years for refugees and specified exceptions, 10 years for all others

Kirgisistan

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Italien

civil law system; judicial review of legislation under certain conditions in Constitutional Court

Kirgisistan

civil law system, which includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws

Suffrage

Italien

18 years of age; universal except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25

Kirgisistan

18 years of age; universal

Area

Italien

total: 301,340 sq km

land: 294,140 sq km

water: 7,200 sq km

note: includes Sardinia and Sicily

Kirgisistan

total: 199,951 sq km

land: 191,801 sq km

water: 8,150 sq km

Land use

Italien

agricultural land: 47.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 22.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 8.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 15.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 31.4% (2018 est.)

other: 21.5% (2018 est.)

Kirgisistan

agricultural land: 55.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 48.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 5.1% (2018 est.)

other: 39.5% (2018 est.)

Location

Italien

Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia

Kirgisistan

Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan

Age structure

Italien

0-14 years: 12.08% (male 3,772,041/female 3,600,946)

15-64 years: 64.61% (male 19,430,217/female 19,997,042)

65 years and over: 23.31% (2023 est.) (male 6,248,663/female 7,972,946)

Kirgisistan

0-14 years: 29.54% (male 928,876/female 879,729)

15-64 years: 63.86% (male 1,914,277/female 1,995,500)

65 years and over: 6.6% (2023 est.) (male 154,684/female 249,715)

Birth rate

Italien

7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kirgisistan

19.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Italien

11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kirgisistan

6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Italien

Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region are predominantly German-speaking), French (small French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)

major-language sample(s):
L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Kirgisistan

Kyrgyz (official) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Дүйнөлүк фактылар китеби, негизги маалыматтын маанилүү булагы. (Kyrgyz)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Italien

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.3 years

Kirgisistan

total population: 72.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 68.6 years

female: 77 years

Major urban areas - population

Italien

4.316 million ROME (capital), 3.155 million Milan, 2.179 million Naples, 1.802 million Turin, 913,000 Bergamo, 850,000 Palermo (2023)

Kirgisistan

1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023)

Median age

Italien

total: 48.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 47 years

female: 49.1 years

Kirgisistan

total: 28.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 26.7 years

female: 29.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Italien

31.4 years (2020 est.)

Kirgisistan

22.6 years (2019 est.)

Net migration rate

Italien

3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kirgisistan

-4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Italien

despite a distinctive pattern with an industrial north and an agrarian south, a fairly even population distribution exists throughout most of the country, with coastal areas, the Po River Valley, and urban centers (particularly Milan, Rome, and Naples), attracting larger and denser populations

Kirgisistan

the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, southeast in the Tien Shan mountains

Population growth rate

Italien

-0.11% (2023 est.)

Kirgisistan

0.82% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Italien

1.24 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Kirgisistan

2.47 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Italien

urban population: 72% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Kirgisistan

urban population: 37.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Italien

4.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Kirgisistan

6.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Italien

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Kirgisistan

total: 14 years

male: 13 years

female: 14 years (2021)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Italien

-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Kirgisistan

-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Italien

13.46% (2021 est.)

Kirgisistan

3.1% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Italien

25.012 million (2021 est.)

Kirgisistan

2.478 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Italien

20.1% (2018 est.)

Kirgisistan

20.1% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Italien

9.83% (2021 est.)

9.16% (2020 est.)

9.95% (2019 est.)

Kirgisistan

9.1% (2021 est.)

8.71% (2020 est.)

6.92% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Italien

131.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

132% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: Italy reports its data on public debt according to guidelines set out in the Maastricht Treaty; general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year, in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises central, state, and local government and social security funds

Kirgisistan

72.23% of GDP (2020 est.)

54.23% of GDP (2019 est.)

51.66% of GDP (2018 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Italien

1.87% (2021 est.)

-0.14% (2020 est.)

0.61% (2019 est.)

Kirgisistan

11.91% (2021 est.)

6.33% (2020 est.)

1.13% (2019 est.)

Exports

Italien

$687.948 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$559.952 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$636.153 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kirgisistan

$3.35 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.435 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.108 billion (2019 est.)

Exports - partners

Italien

Germany 12%, France 11%, United States 10%, United Kingdom 5%, Spain 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)

Kirgisistan

United Kingdom 56%, Kazakhstan 13%, Russia 13%, Uzbekistan 5% (2019)

Imports

Italien

$637.934 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$490.684 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$568.796 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kirgisistan

$5.919 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.051 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.67 billion (2019 est.)

Imports - partners

Italien

Germany 16%, France 9%, China 7%, Spain 5%, Netherlands 5%, Belgium 5% (2019)

Kirgisistan

China 53%, Russia 17%, Kazakhstan 7%, Uzbekistan 7%, Turkey 5% (2019)

Airports

Italien

129 (2021)

Kirgisistan

28 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Italien

total: 18,128,787 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)

Kirgisistan

total: 289,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Italien

total: 44.25 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 75% (2021 est.)

Kirgisistan

total: 5.07 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 78% (2021 est.)

Railways

Italien

total: 18,475 km (2020) 12,936 km electrified

1289.3 0.950-mm gauge (151.3 km electrified)

Kirgisistan

total: 424 km (2022)

broad gauge: 424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge

Roadways

Italien

total: 487,700 km (2007)

paved: 487,700 km (2007) (includes 6,700 km of expressways)

Kirgisistan

total: 34,000 km (2022)

Telephones - fixed lines

Italien

total subscriptions: 19,994,902 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2021 est.)

Kirgisistan

total subscriptions: 300,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Italien

total subscriptions: 78,114,933 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2021 est.)

Kirgisistan

total subscriptions: 8.5 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Italien

2,400 km (2012) (used for commercial traffic; of limited overall value compared to road and rail)

Kirgisistan

576 km (2022)

Disputes - international

Italien

Italy-Austria-Switzerland: borders are shifting because glacier peaks that had served as a natural boundary are melting

Kirgisistan

Kyrgyzstan-China: a 2009 treaty settled a border dispute, with Kyrgyzstan receiving the Khan Tengri Peak and Kyrgyzstan ceding to China the Uzengi-Kush area

Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan: in January 2019, Kyrgyzstan ratified the 2017 agreement on the demarcation of the Kyrgyzstan-Kazakhstan border

Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan: as the last major Central Asian boundary dispute with lengthy undelimited sections, the lowland (NE part) of the Kyrgz-Tajik line seems intractable despite recent Kyrgyz-Uzbek compromises and agreements on delimitation and demarcation

Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan: delimitation of approximately 15% or 200 km of border with Uzbekistan is hampered by serious disputes over enclaves and other areas; Kyrgyz and Uzbek officials signed an agreement in March 2021 on the final delimitation and demarcation of the Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan border; the accord included several land swaps that gave Kyrgyzstan more territory but was offset by Uzbekistan retaining use of reservoirs on Kyrgyz land; although a Kyrgyz official returned from the March 2021 meetings and said the decades-old border dispute was 100% resolved, his talks with residents in some affected areas showed that agreement had not been reached on all border segments