Daten & Fakten
Japan
Taiwan
Israel
Capital
Japan
name: Tokyo
geographic coordinates: 35 41 N, 139 45 E
time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: originally known as Edo, meaning "estuary" in Japanese, the name was changed to Tokyo, meaning "eastern capital," in 1868
geographic coordinates: 35 41 N, 139 45 E
time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: originally known as Edo, meaning "estuary" in Japanese, the name was changed to Tokyo, meaning "eastern capital," in 1868
Taiwan
name: Taipei
geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
geographic coordinates: 25 02 N, 121 31 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Taiwan," reflecting the city's position in the far north of the island
Israel
name: Jerusalem; note - the US recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital in December 2017 without taking a position on the specific boundaries of Israeli sovereignty
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
geographic coordinates: 31 46 N, 35 14 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, Friday before the last Sunday in March; ends the last Sunday in October
etymology: Jerusalem's settlement may date back to 2800 B.C.; it is named Urushalim in Egyptian texts of the 14th century B.C.; uru-shalim likely means "foundation of [by] the god Shalim", and derives from Hebrew/Semitic yry, "to found or lay a cornerstone", and Shalim, the Canaanite god of dusk and the nether world; Shalim was associated with sunset and peace and the name is based on the same S-L-M root from which Semitic words for "peace" are derived (Salam or Shalom in modern Arabic and Hebrew); this confluence has thus led to naming interpretations such as "The City of Peace" or "The Abode of Peace"
Citizenship
Japan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Japan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Japan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Taiwan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Taiwan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, except that citizens of Taiwan are not recognized as dual citizens of the People's Republic of China
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Israel
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Israel
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but naturalized citizens are not allowed to maintain dual citizenship
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 out of the 5 years preceding the application for naturalization
note: Israeli law (Law of Return, 5 July 1950) provides for the granting of citizenship to any Jew - defined as a person being born to a Jewish mother or having converted to Judaism while renouncing any other religion - who immigrates to and expresses a desire to settle in Israel on the basis of the Right of aliyah; the 1970 amendment of this act extended the right to family members including the spouse of a Jew, any child or grandchild, and the spouses of children and grandchildren
Legal system
Japan
civil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court
Taiwan
civil law system
Israel
mixed legal system of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and Jewish, Christian, and Muslim religious laws
Suffrage
Japan
18 years of age; universal
Taiwan
20 years of age; universal; note - in March 2022, the Legislative Yuan approved lowering the voting age to 18, but the change will require a constitutional amendment that must be submitted to a referendum
Israel
18 years of age; universal; 17 years of age for municipal elections
Area
Japan
total: 377,915 sq km
land: 364,485 sq km
water: 13,430 sq km
note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
land: 364,485 sq km
water: 13,430 sq km
note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Taiwan
total: 35,980 sq km
land: 32,260 sq km
water: 3,720 sq km
note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
land: 32,260 sq km
water: 3,720 sq km
note: includes the Pescadores, Matsu, and Kinmen islands
Israel
total: 21,937 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
land: 21,497 sq km
water: 440 sq km
Land use
Japan
agricultural land: 12.5% (2018 est.)
arable land: 11.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 68.5% (2018 est.)
other: 19% (2018 est.)
arable land: 11.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 68.5% (2018 est.)
other: 19% (2018 est.)
Taiwan
agricultural land: 22.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)
other: 77.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est.)
other: 77.3% (2018 est.)
Israel
agricultural land: 23.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 13.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 7.1% (2018 est.)
other: 69.1% (2018 est.)
Location
Japan
Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
Taiwan
Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
Israel
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Age structure
Japan
0-14 years: 12.29% (male 7,835,474/female 7,370,449)
15-64 years: 58.49% (male 36,378,186/female 35,981,176)
65 years and over: 29.22% (2023 est.) (male 15,909,031/female 20,244,922)
15-64 years: 58.49% (male 36,378,186/female 35,981,176)
65 years and over: 29.22% (2023 est.) (male 15,909,031/female 20,244,922)
Taiwan
0-14 years: 12.22% (male 1,482,120/female 1,399,336)
15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)
65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)
15-64 years: 69.72% (male 8,211,973/female 8,233,667)
65 years and over: 18.07% (2023 est.) (male 1,922,365/female 2,339,152)
Israel
0-14 years: 25.96% (male 1,200,721/female 1,146,556)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
15-64 years: 61.66% (male 2,839,124/female 2,737,054)
65 years and over: 12.38% (2023 est.) (male 506,536/female 613,396)
Birth rate
Japan
6.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
7.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
19.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Japan
11.7 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Japan
Japanese
major-language sample(s):
必要不可欠な基本情報の源、ワールド・ファクトブック(Japanese)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
必要不可欠な基本情報の源、ワールド・ファクトブック(Japanese)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Taiwan
Mandarin (official), Min Nan, Hakka dialects, approximately 16 indigenous languages
major-language sample(s):
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language)
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
ספר עובדות העולם, המקור החיוני למידע בסיסי (Hebrew)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Japan
total population: 85 years (2023 est.)
male: 82.1 years
female: 88.1 years
male: 82.1 years
female: 88.1 years
Taiwan
total population: 81.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 78.4 years
female: 84.5 years
male: 78.4 years
female: 84.5 years
Israel
total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
male: 80.2 years
female: 84.3 years
Major urban areas - population
Japan
37.194 million TOKYO (capital), 19.013 million Osaka, 9.569 million Nagoya, 5.490 million Kitakyushu-Fukuoka, 2.937 million Shizuoka-Hamamatsu, 2.666 million Sapporo (2023)
Taiwan
4.504 million New Taipei City, 2.754 million TAIPEI (capital), 2.319 million Taoyuan, 1.553 million Kaohsiung, 1.369 million Taichung, 863,000 Tainan (2023)
Israel
4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023)
Median age
Japan
total: 49.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 48 years
female: 50.9 years
male: 48 years
female: 50.9 years
Taiwan
total: 44 years (2023 est.)
male: 43 years
female: 45 years
male: 43 years
female: 45 years
Israel
total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
male: 29.5 years
female: 30.7 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Japan
30.7 years (2018 est.)
Israel
27.7 years (2019 est.)
Net migration rate
Japan
0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Taiwan
1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Israel
1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Japan
all primary and secondary regions of high population density lie on the coast; one-third of the population resides in and around Tokyo on the central plain (Kanto Plain)
Taiwan
distribution exhibits a peripheral coastal settlement pattern, with the largest populations on the north and west coasts
Israel
population concentrated in and around Tel-Aviv, as well as around the Sea of Galilee; the south remains sparsely populated with the exception of the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Population growth rate
Japan
-0.41% (2023 est.)
Taiwan
0.03% (2023 est.)
Israel
1.56% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Japan
1.39 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Taiwan
1.09 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Israel
2.94 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Japan
urban population: 92% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: -0.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Taiwan
urban population: 80.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.65% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Israel
urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.51% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Japan
3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
Taiwan
NA
Israel
7.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Japan
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2019)
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2019)
Israel
total: 16 years
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Japan
-3.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Taiwan
-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Israel
-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Japan
-4.33% (2020 est.)
Taiwan
3.9% (2017 est.)
Israel
6.05% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Japan
68.629 million (2021 est.)
Taiwan
11.498 million (2020 est.)
Israel
4.186 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Japan
16.1% (2013 est.)
Taiwan
1.5% (2012 est.)
Israel
22% (2014 est.)
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
note: Israel's poverty line is $7.30 per person per day
Unemployment rate
Japan
2.8% (2021 est.)
2.8% (2020 est.)
2.4% (2019 est.)
2.8% (2020 est.)
2.4% (2019 est.)
Taiwan
3.73% (2019 est.)
3.69% (2018 est.)
3.69% (2018 est.)
Israel
5.05% (2021 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
4.33% (2020 est.)
3.8% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Japan
216.28% of GDP (2020 est.)
197.8% of GDP (2019 est.)
197.45% of GDP (2018 est.)
197.8% of GDP (2019 est.)
197.45% of GDP (2018 est.)
Taiwan
35.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data for central government
36.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data for central government
Israel
72.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
59.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
60.4% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Japan
-0.23% (2021 est.)
-0.02% (2020 est.)
0.47% (2019 est.)
-0.02% (2020 est.)
0.47% (2019 est.)
Taiwan
0.5% (2019 est.)
1.3% (2018 est.)
0.6% (2017 est.)
1.3% (2018 est.)
0.6% (2017 est.)
Israel
1.49% (2021 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
-0.59% (2020 est.)
0.84% (2019 est.)
Exports
Japan
$919.158 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$794.291 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$904.632 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$794.291 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$904.632 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Taiwan
$388.49 billion (2019 est.)
$383.484 billion (2018 est.)
$382.736 billion (2017 est.)
$383.484 billion (2018 est.)
$382.736 billion (2017 est.)
Israel
$143.884 billion (2021 est.)
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$114.422 billion (2020 est.)
$117.779 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Japan
China 21%, US 18%, South Korea 7%, Taiwan 7%, Thailand 4% (2021)
Taiwan
China 26%, United States 14%, Hong Kong 12%, Japan 7%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 5% (2019)
Israel
United States 27%, China 8%, India 4%, Germany 3%, Ireland 3% (2021)
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
note: Approximately, 6% of Israel's exports went to the Gaza Strip and West Bank, but official data are not available individually for the Palestinian territories.
Imports
Japan
$941.671 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$801.889 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$913.248 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$801.889 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$913.248 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Taiwan
$308.744 billion (2019 est.)
$305.428 billion (2018 est.)
$303.067 billion (2017 est.)
$305.428 billion (2018 est.)
$303.067 billion (2017 est.)
Israel
$124.578 billion (2021 est.)
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
$95.977 billion (2020 est.)
$108.784 billion (2019 est.)
note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Japan
China 24%, US 10%, Australia 7%, South Korea 4%, Taiwan 4% (2021)
Taiwan
China 21%, Japan 16%, United States 11%, South Korea 6% (2019)
Israel
China 14%, United States 11%, Turkey 7%, Germany 7%, Switzerland 5% (2021)
Airports
Japan
175 (2021)
Taiwan
37 (2021)
Israel
42 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Japan
total: 44,000,791 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
Taiwan
total: 5,831,470 (2019 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2019 est.)
Israel
total: 2,602,079 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Japan
total: 99.6 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 83% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 83% (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total: 21.6 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Israel
total: 8.01 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 90% (2021 est.)
Railways
Japan
total: 27,311 km (2015)
standard gauge: 4,800 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (4,800 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 124 km (2015) 1.372-m gauge (124 km electrified)
dual gauge: 132 km (2015) 1.435-1.067-m gauge (132 km electrified)
22,207 km 1.067-mm gauge (15,430 km electrified)
48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified)
standard gauge: 4,800 km (2015) 1.435-m gauge (4,800 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 124 km (2015) 1.372-m gauge (124 km electrified)
dual gauge: 132 km (2015) 1.435-1.067-m gauge (132 km electrified)
22,207 km 1.067-mm gauge (15,430 km electrified)
48 km 0.762-m gauge (48 km electrified)
Taiwan
total: 1,613.1 km (2018)
standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)
150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
standard gauge: 345 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (345 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,118.1 km (2018) 1.067-m gauge (793.9 km electrified)
150 0.762-m gauge note: the 0.762-gauge track belongs to three entities: the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan Cement, and TaiPower
Israel
total: 1,497 km (2021) (2019)
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 1,497 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge
Roadways
Japan
total: 1,218,772 km (2015)
paved: 992,835 km (2015) (includes 8,428 km of expressways)
unpaved: 225,937 km (2015)
paved: 992,835 km (2015) (includes 8,428 km of expressways)
unpaved: 225,937 km (2015)
Taiwan
total: 43,206 km (2017)
paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)
unpaved: 413 km (2017)
paved: 42,793 km (2017) (includes 1,348 km of highways and 737 km of expressways)
unpaved: 413 km (2017)
Israel
total: 20,391 km (2021)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
paved: 20,391 km (2021) (includes 449 km of expressways)
Telephones - fixed lines
Japan
total subscriptions: 61,583,600 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 49 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 49 (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total subscriptions: 13 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 53 (2021 est.)
Israel
total subscriptions: 3.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Japan
total subscriptions: 200,478,808 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 161 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 161 (2021 est.)
Taiwan
total subscriptions: 30 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Israel
total subscriptions: 12.5 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Japan
1,770 km (2010) (seagoing vessels use inland seas)
Disputes - international
Japan
Japan-China-Taiwan: the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands (Diaoyu Tai) are also claimed by China and Taiwan; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves
Japan-Russia: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kuril Islands," occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities
Japan-South Korea: Japan and South Korea claim Liancourt Rocks (Take-shima/Tok-do) occupied by South Korea since 1954
Taiwan
Taiwan-Brunei-China-Malaysia-Philippines-Vietnam: involved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea that are thought to have large oil and natural gas reserves, as well as being located amidst prime fishing grounds and busy commercial shipping traffic; the Spratly Islands also are in a strategic position for establishing a military presence to monitor activity in the South China Sea; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Taiwan-China-Philippines: border dispute over the Scarborough Reef in the South China Sea; Scarborough Reef, like the Spratly Islands, is strategically located and is surrounded by abundant fishing grounds; it may also be ripe for oil and natural gas exploration
Taiwan-China-Vietnam: the Paracel Islands are occupied by China but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam
Taiwan-Japan-China: in 2003, China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claims to the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) and Japan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the East China Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting; Senkaku-shoto is situated near key shipping lanes, rich fishing grounds, and possibly significant oil and natural gas reserves
Israel
Israel-Gaza Strip: Israel withdrew its settlers and military from the Gaza Strip and from four settlements in the West Bank in August 2005
Israel-Syria: Golan Heights is Israeli-controlled (Lebanon claims the Shab'a Farms area of Golan Heights); in March 2019, the US Government recognized Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN Truce Supervision Organization headquartered in Jerusalem monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolated incidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in the region
Israel-West Bank: West Bank is Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement - permanent status to be determined through further negotiation; in 2002, Israel began construction of a "seam line" separation barrier along parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; as of mid-2020, plans were to continue barrier construction
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