Daten & Fakten
Libanon
Pakistan
Irland
Capital
Libanon
name: Beirut
geographic coordinates: 33 52 N, 35 30 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: derived from the Canaanite or Phoenician word "ber'ot," meaning "the wells" or "fountain," which referred to the site's accessible water table
geographic coordinates: 33 52 N, 35 30 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: derived from the Canaanite or Phoenician word "ber'ot," meaning "the wells" or "fountain," which referred to the site's accessible water table
Pakistan
name: Islamabad
geographic coordinates: 33 41 N, 73 03 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derived from two words: Islam, an Urdu word referring to the religion of Islam, and -abad, a Persian suffix indicating an "inhabited place" or "city," to render the meaning "City of Islam"
geographic coordinates: 33 41 N, 73 03 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derived from two words: Islam, an Urdu word referring to the religion of Islam, and -abad, a Persian suffix indicating an "inhabited place" or "city," to render the meaning "City of Islam"
Irland
name: Dublin
geographic coordinates: 53 19 N, 6 14 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: derived from Irish dubh and lind meaning respectively "black, dark" and "pool" and which referred to the dark tidal pool where the River Poddle entered the River Liffey; today the area is the site of the castle gardens behind Dublin Castle
geographic coordinates: 53 19 N, 6 14 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: derived from Irish dubh and lind meaning respectively "black, dark" and "pool" and which referred to the dark tidal pool where the River Poddle entered the River Liffey; today the area is the site of the castle gardens behind Dublin Castle
Citizenship
Libanon
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Lebanon
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: unknown
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Lebanon
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: unknown
Pakistan
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Pakistan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries
residency requirement for naturalization: 4 out of the previous 7 years and including the 12 months preceding application
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Pakistan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries
residency requirement for naturalization: 4 out of the previous 7 years and including the 12 months preceding application
Irland
citizenship by birth: no, unless a parent of a child born in Ireland has been legally resident in Ireland for at least three of the four years prior to the birth of the child
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 4 of the previous 8 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 4 of the previous 8 years
Legal system
Libanon
mixed legal system of civil law based on the French civil code, Ottoman legal tradition, and religious laws covering personal status, marriage, divorce, and other family relations of the Jewish, Islamic, and Christian communities
Pakistan
common law system with Islamic law influence
Irland
common law system based on the English model but substantially modified by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts by Supreme Court
Suffrage
Libanon
21 years of age; authorized for all men and women regardless of religion; excludes persons convicted of felonies and other crimes or those imprisoned; excludes all military and security service personnel regardless of rank
Pakistan
18 years of age; universal; note - there are joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims
Irland
18 years of age; universal
Area
Libanon
total: 10,400 sq km
land: 10,230 sq km
water: 170 sq km
land: 10,230 sq km
water: 170 sq km
Pakistan
total: 796,095 sq km
land: 770,875 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km
land: 770,875 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km
Irland
total: 70,273 sq km
land: 68,883 sq km
water: 1,390 sq km
land: 68,883 sq km
water: 1,390 sq km
Land use
Libanon
agricultural land: 63.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 13.4% (2018 est.)
other: 23.3% (2018 est.)
arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 39.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 13.4% (2018 est.)
other: 23.3% (2018 est.)
Pakistan
agricultural land: 35.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 27.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.5% (2018 est.)
forest: 2.1% (2018 est.)
other: 62.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 27.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.5% (2018 est.)
forest: 2.1% (2018 est.)
other: 62.7% (2018 est.)
Irland
agricultural land: 66.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 15.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 50.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 10.9% (2018 est.)
other: 23% (2018 est.)
arable land: 15.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 50.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 10.9% (2018 est.)
other: 23% (2018 est.)
Location
Libanon
Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria
Pakistan
Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Irland
Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
Age structure
Libanon
0-14 years: 19.21% (male 524,172/female 500,185)
15-64 years: 71.69% (male 1,929,150/female 1,892,806)
65 years and over: 9.1% (2023 est.) (male 208,436/female 276,454)
15-64 years: 71.69% (male 1,929,150/female 1,892,806)
65 years and over: 9.1% (2023 est.) (male 208,436/female 276,454)
Pakistan
0-14 years: 34.81% (male 44,002,871/female 42,216,200)
15-64 years: 60.41% (male 76,548,821/female 73,065,518)
65 years and over: 4.77% (2023 est.) (male 5,482,633/female 6,337,508)
15-64 years: 60.41% (male 76,548,821/female 73,065,518)
65 years and over: 4.77% (2023 est.) (male 5,482,633/female 6,337,508)
Irland
0-14 years: 20.39% (male 556,057/female 529,454)
15-64 years: 65.04% (male 1,741,527/female 1,720,989)
65 years and over: 14.57% (2023 est.) (male 360,476/female 415,488)
15-64 years: 65.04% (male 1,741,527/female 1,720,989)
65 years and over: 14.57% (2023 est.) (male 360,476/female 415,488)
Birth rate
Libanon
12.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Pakistan
26 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Irland
11.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Libanon
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Pakistan
5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Irland
7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Libanon
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Pakistan
Punjabi 38.8%, Pashto (alternate name, Pashtu) 18.2%, Sindhi 14.6%, Saraiki (a Punjabi variant) 12.2%, Urdu 7.1%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2.4%, Brahui 1.2%, other 2.4%
major-language sample(s):
دنیا کا قاموس، ایک لازمی زریہ بنیادی معلومات کا (Urdu)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: data represent population by mother tongue; English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries)
major-language sample(s):
دنیا کا قاموس، ایک لازمی زریہ بنیادی معلومات کا (Urdu)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: data represent population by mother tongue; English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries)
Irland
English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 39.8% of the population as of 2016; mainly spoken in areas along Ireland's western coast known as gaeltachtai, which are officially recognized regions where Irish is the predominant language)
Life expectancy at birth
Libanon
total population: 79 years (2023 est.)
male: 77.6 years
female: 80.5 years
male: 77.6 years
female: 80.5 years
Pakistan
total population: 70 years (2023 est.)
male: 67.9 years
female: 72.1 years
male: 67.9 years
female: 72.1 years
Irland
total population: 82.2 years (2023 est.)
male: 80.5 years
female: 84.1 years
male: 80.5 years
female: 84.1 years
Major urban areas - population
Libanon
2.421 million BEIRUT (capital) (2023)
Pakistan
17.236 million Karachi, 13.979 million Lahore, 3.711 million Faisalabad, 2.415 million Gujranwala, 2.412 million Peshawar, 1.232 million ISLAMABAD (capital) (2023)
Irland
1.270 million DUBLIN (capital) (2023)
Median age
Libanon
total: 35.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 35.1 years
female: 36.4 years
male: 35.1 years
female: 36.4 years
Pakistan
total: 22.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 22.6 years
female: 22.8 years
male: 22.6 years
female: 22.8 years
Irland
total: 39.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 39.4 years
female: 40.2 years
male: 39.4 years
female: 40.2 years
Pakistan
22.8 years (2017/18 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Irland
30.9 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
Libanon
-0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Pakistan
-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Irland
6.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Libanon
the majority of the people live on or near the Mediterranean coast, and of these most live in and around the capital, Beirut; favorable growing conditions in the Bekaa Valley, on the southeastern side of the Lebanon Mountains, have attracted farmers and thus the area exhibits a smaller population density
Pakistan
the Indus River and its tributaries attract most of the settlement, with Punjab province the most densely populated
Irland
population distribution is weighted to the eastern side of the island, with the largest concentration being in and around Dublin; populations in the west are small due to mountainous land, poorer soil, lack of good transport routes, and fewer job opportunities
Population growth rate
Libanon
0.64% (2023 est.)
Pakistan
1.91% (2023 est.)
Irland
1.09% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Libanon
1.71 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Pakistan
3.39 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Irland
1.72 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Libanon
urban population: 89.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: -1.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Pakistan
urban population: 38% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.1% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Irland
urban population: 64.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Libanon
1.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Pakistan
2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Irland
3.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Libanon
total: 11 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2014)
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2014)
Pakistan
total: 9 years
male: 9 years
female: 8 years (2019)
male: 9 years
female: 8 years (2019)
Irland
total: 19 years
male: 18 years
female: 19 years (2020)
male: 18 years
female: 19 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Libanon
-6.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Pakistan
-5.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Irland
-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Libanon
-6.85% (2021 est.)
Pakistan
7.81% (2021 est.)
Irland
20.33% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Libanon
1.719 million (2021 est.)
note: excludes as many as 1 million foreign workers and refugees
note: excludes as many as 1 million foreign workers and refugees
Pakistan
73.133 million (2021 est.)
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor
Irland
2.518 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Libanon
27.4% (2011 est.)
Pakistan
24.3% (2015 est.)
Irland
13.1% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
Libanon
14.49% (2021 est.)
13.3% (2020 est.)
11.35% (2019 est.)
13.3% (2020 est.)
11.35% (2019 est.)
Pakistan
4.35% (2021 est.)
4.3% (2020 est.)
3.54% (2019 est.)
note: Pakistan has substantial underemployment
4.3% (2020 est.)
3.54% (2019 est.)
note: Pakistan has substantial underemployment
Irland
6.63% (2021 est.)
5.62% (2020 est.)
4.95% (2019 est.)
5.62% (2020 est.)
4.95% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Libanon
146.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
145.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
145.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: data cover central government debt and exclude debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment
Pakistan
67% of GDP (2017 est.)
67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
67.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Irland
71.58% of GDP (2020 est.)
69.7% of GDP (2019 est.)
75.19% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
69.7% of GDP (2019 est.)
75.19% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Libanon
154.76% (2021 est.)
84.86% (2020 est.)
3.01% (2019 est.)
84.86% (2020 est.)
3.01% (2019 est.)
Pakistan
9.5% (2021 est.)
9.74% (2020 est.)
10.58% (2019 est.)
9.74% (2020 est.)
10.58% (2019 est.)
Irland
2.36% (2021 est.)
-0.33% (2020 est.)
0.94% (2019 est.)
-0.33% (2020 est.)
0.94% (2019 est.)
Exports
Libanon
$10.147 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$8.773 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$18.208 billion (2019 est.)
$8.773 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$18.208 billion (2019 est.)
Pakistan
$35.566 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$27.333 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$30.67 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$27.333 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$30.67 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Irland
$677.028 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$569.061 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$502.313 billion (2019 est.)
$569.061 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$502.313 billion (2019 est.)
Exports - partners
Libanon
Switzerland 27%, United Arab Emirates 15%, South Korea 11%, Saudi Arabia 7%, Kuwait 6% (2019)
Pakistan
United States 14%, China 8%, Germany 7%, United Kingdom 6% (2019)
Irland
United States 28%, Belgium 10%, Germany 10%, UK 9%, China 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)
Imports
Libanon
$17.383 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$15.206 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$31.147 billion (2019 est.)
$15.206 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$31.147 billion (2019 est.)
Pakistan
$76.392 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$52.098 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$57.976 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$52.098 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$57.976 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Irland
$477.544 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$486.946 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$452.979 billion (2019 est.)
$486.946 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$452.979 billion (2019 est.)
Imports - partners
Libanon
United Arab Emirates 11%, China 10%, Italy 8%, Greece 8%, Turkey 7%, United States 6% (2019)
Pakistan
China 28%, United Arab Emirates 11%, United States 5% (2019)
Irland
United Kingdom 31%, United States 16%, Germany 10%, Netherlands 5%, France 5% (2019)
Airports
Libanon
8 (2021)
Pakistan
151 (2021)
Irland
40 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Libanon
total: 432,070 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)
Pakistan
total: 2,523,027 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)
Irland
total: 1,516,473 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Libanon
total: 4.872 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 87% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 87% (2021 est.)
Pakistan
total: 48.3 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 21% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 21% (2021 est.)
Irland
total: 4.75 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 95% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 95% (2021 est.)
Railways
Libanon
total: 401 km (2017)
standard gauge: 319 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 82 km (2017) 1.050-m gauge
note: rail system is still unusable due to damage sustained from fighting in the 1980s and in 2006
standard gauge: 319 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 82 km (2017) 1.050-m gauge
note: rail system is still unusable due to damage sustained from fighting in the 1980s and in 2006
Pakistan
total: 11,881 km (2021)
narrow gauge: 389 km (2021) 1.000-m gauge
broad gauge: 11,492 km (2021) 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 389 km (2021) 1.000-m gauge
broad gauge: 11,492 km (2021) 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified)
Irland
total: 1,688 km (2020) 53 km electrified
Roadways
Libanon
total: 21,705 km (2017)
Pakistan
total: 264,175 km (2021)
paved: 185,463 km (2021) (includes 708 km of expressways)
unpaved: 78,712 km (2021)
paved: 185,463 km (2021) (includes 708 km of expressways)
unpaved: 78,712 km (2021)
Irland
total: 99,830 km (2018)
paved: 99,830 km (2018) (includes 2,717 km of expressways)
paved: 99,830 km (2018) (includes 2,717 km of expressways)
Telephones - fixed lines
Libanon
total subscriptions: 880,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2021 est.)
Pakistan
total subscriptions: 2,989,133 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)
Irland
total subscriptions: 1,595,061 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Libanon
total subscriptions: 4.3 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 77 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 77 (2021 est.)
Pakistan
total subscriptions: 188,711,452 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 82 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 82 (2021 est.)
Irland
total subscriptions: 5,373,865 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2021 est.)
Irland
956 km (2010) (pleasure craft only)
Disputes - international
Libanon
Lebanon-Syria: lacking a treaty or other documentation describing the boundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear with several sections in dispute; in March 2021, Syria signed a contract with a Russian company for oil and gas exploration in a maritime area Lebanon claims as its own based on a 2011 map sent to the UN
Lebanon-Israel: Lebanon has claimed Shab'a Farms area in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights; Lebanon and Israel resumed negotiations over their maritime border in 2020, but their efforts were derailed when Lebanon argued that the map the UN was using needed modifications
Pakistan
Pakistan-Afghanistan: since 2002, with UN assistance, Pakistan has repatriated about 5.3 million Afghan refugees, leaving about 2.74-3 million; Pakistan has sent troops across and built fences along some remote tribal areas of its treaty-defined Durand Line border with Afghanistan, which serve as bases for foreign terrorists and other illegal activities; in February 2022, amid skirmishes between Taliban and Pakistani forces, Pakistan announced its intent to finish constructing the barbed wire fence along the Durand Line and bring nearby areas under its control; Afghan, Coalition, and Pakistan military meet periodically to clarify the alignment of the boundary on the ground and on maps
Pakistan-China: none identified
Pakistan-India: Kashmir remains the site of the world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin), India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas); UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan has maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964; India and Pakistan have initiated discussions on defusing the armed standoff in the Siachen glacier region; the Siachen glacier is claimed by both countries and militarily occupied by India: Pakistan opposed India's fencing the highly militarized Line of Control (completed in 2004) and the construction of the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River (opened in 2008) in Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the larger dispute on water sharing of the Indus River and its tributaries; to defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary, India and Pakistan seek technical resolution of the disputed boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch in the Arabian Sea; Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh in India's Gujarat State as part of Pakistan
Pakistan-Iran: none identified
Irland
Ireland-Denmark: Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Iceland, Norway, and the Faroe Islands signed an agreement in 2019 extending the Faroe Islands’ northern continental shelf area
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