Capital

Liechtenstein

name: Vaduz

geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the High German diutisk (meaning "German") to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town

Andorra

name: Andorra la Vella

geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: translates as "Andorra the Old" in Catalan

Mali

name: Bamako

geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name in the Bambara language can mean either "crocodile tail" or "crocodile river" and three crocodiles appear on the city seal

Citizenship

Liechtenstein

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Andorra

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the mother must be an Andorran citizen or the father must have been born in Andorra and both parents maintain permanent residence in Andorra

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years

Mali

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mali

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Liechtenstein

civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law

Andorra

mixed legal system of civil and customary law with the influence of canon (religious) law

Mali

civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court

Suffrage

Liechtenstein

18 years of age; universal

Andorra

18 years of age; universal

Mali

18 years of age; universal

Area

Liechtenstein

total: 160 sq km

land: 160 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Andorra

total: 468 sq km

land: 468 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Mali

total: 1,240,192 sq km

land: 1,220,190 sq km

water: 20,002 sq km

Land use

Liechtenstein

agricultural land: 37.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.1% (2018 est.)

other: 19.3% (2018 est.)

Andorra

agricultural land: 40% (2018 est.)

arable land: 1.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 38.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 34% (2018 est.)

other: 26% (2018 est.)

Mali

agricultural land: 34.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 5.6% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est.)

forest: 10.2% (2018 est.)

other: 55.7% (2018 est.)

Location

Liechtenstein

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Andorra

Southwestern Europe, Pyrenees mountains, on the border between France and Spain

Mali

interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger

Age structure

Liechtenstein

0-14 years: 15.27% (male 3,389/female 2,718)

15-64 years: 64.38% (male 12,800/female 12,947)

65 years and over: 20.35% (2023 est.) (male 3,738/female 4,401)

Andorra

0-14 years: 12.31% (male 5,426/female 5,096)

15-64 years: 68.17% (male 29,845/female 28,419)

65 years and over: 19.52% (2023 est.) (male 8,471/female 8,211)

Mali

0-14 years: 47.05% (male 5,054,927/female 4,995,605)

15-64 years: 49.88% (male 5,006,470/female 5,647,289)

65 years and over: 3.07% (2023 est.) (male 323,170/female 332,261)

Birth rate

Liechtenstein

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Andorra

6.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mali

40.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Liechtenstein

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Andorra

8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mali

8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Liechtenstein

German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Andorra

Catalan (official) 35.7%, Castilian 43.2%, Portuguese 17.1%, French 8.9%, English 1.8%, other 5% (2018 est.)

note: data represent mother tongue

Mali

Bambara (official), French 17.2%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)

note: Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language

Life expectancy at birth

Liechtenstein

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.6 years

Andorra

total population: 83.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.4 years

female: 86 years

Mali

total population: 62.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 60.6 years

female: 65.1 years

Major urban areas - population

Liechtenstein

5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)

Andorra

23,000 ANDORRA LA VELLA (capital) (2018)

Mali

2.929 million BAMAKO (capital) (2023)

Median age

Liechtenstein

total: 44.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.3 years

female: 46 years

Andorra

total: 48.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 48.1 years

female: 48.1 years

Mali

total: 16.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 15.6 years

female: 17 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Liechtenstein

31.3 years (2017)

Andorra

32.8 years (2019)

Mali

19.2 years (2018 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Net migration rate

Liechtenstein

4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Andorra

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mali

-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Liechtenstein

most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River

Andorra

population is unevenly distributed and is concentrated in the seven urbanized valleys that make up the country's parishes (political administrative divisions)

Mali

the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso as shown in this population distribution map

Population growth rate

Liechtenstein

0.7% (2023 est.)

Andorra

-0.11% (2023 est.)

Mali

2.93% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Liechtenstein

1.69 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Andorra

1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Mali

5.45 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Liechtenstein

urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Andorra

urban population: 87.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Mali

urban population: 46.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Liechtenstein

2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Andorra

2.9% of GDP (2021 est.)

Mali

4.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Liechtenstein

total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Mali

total: 7 years

male: 8 years

female: 7 years (2017)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Liechtenstein

1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)

Andorra

-6.9% (of GDP) (2016)

Mali

-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Liechtenstein

NA

Andorra

-3.9% (2020 est.) NA

Mali

1.01% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Liechtenstein

38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)

note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany

Andorra

39,750 (2016)

Mali

7.9 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Liechtenstein

NA

Mali

42.1% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Liechtenstein

2.4% (2015)

2.4% (2014)

Andorra

3.7% (2016 est.)

4.1% (2015 est.)

Mali

7.72% (2021 est.)

7.7% (2020 est.)

7.44% (2019 est.)

Andorra

41% of GDP (2014 est.)

41.4% of GDP (2013 est.)

Mali

35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

36% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Liechtenstein

-0.4% (2016 est.)

-0.2% (2013)

Andorra

-0.9% (2015 est.)

-0.1% (2014 est.)

Mali

3.93% (2021 est.)

0.44% (2020 est.)

-1.66% (2019 est.)

Exports

Liechtenstein

$3.217 billion (2015 est.)

$3.774 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Andorra

$1.842 billion (2020 est.)

$2.335 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Mali

$5.196 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.442 billion (2019 est.)

$4.186 billion (2018 est.)

Andorra

Spain 40%, France 19%, United States 11%, Mauritania 5% (2019)

Mali

United Arab Emirates 66%, Switzerland 26% (2019)

Imports

Liechtenstein

$2.23 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Andorra

$1.727 billion (2020 est.)

$2.032 billion (2019 est.)

Mali

$6.339 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$6.559 billion (2019 est.)

$6.081 billion (2018 est.)

Andorra

Spain 71%, France 17% (2019)

Mali

Senegal 23%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, China 11%, France 9% (2019)

Mali

25 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Liechtenstein

total: 18,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Andorra

total: 37,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 48 (2020 est.)

Mali

total: 243,806 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Liechtenstein

total: 37,440 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Andorra

total: 74,260 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 94% (2021 est.)

Mali

total: 7.48 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 34% (2021 est.)

Railways

Liechtenstein

total: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Mali

total: 593 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 593 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Roadways

Liechtenstein

total: 630 km (2019)

Andorra

total: 320 km (2019)

Mali

total: 139,107 km (2018)

Telephones - fixed lines

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 11,712 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Andorra

total subscriptions: 50,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 63 (2021 est.)

Mali

total subscriptions: 301,055 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 49,264 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Andorra

total subscriptions: 89,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)

Mali

total subscriptions: 21,882,251 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Liechtenstein

28 km (2010)

Mali

1,800 km (2011) (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels)

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein

none

Andorra

Andorra-France: none identified

Andorra-Spain: none identified

Mali

Mali-Burkina Faso: demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso