Capital

Liechtenstein

name: Vaduz

geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the High German diutisk (meaning "German") to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town

Bangladesch

name: Dhaka

geographic coordinates: 23 43 N, 90 24 E

time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the origins of the name are unclear, but some sources state that the city's site was originally called "dhakka," meaning "watchtower," and that the area served as a watch-station for Bengal rulers

Portugal

name: Lisbon

geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa

Citizenship

Liechtenstein

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Bangladesch

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bangladesh

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but limited to select countries

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Portugal

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Legal system

Liechtenstein

civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law

Bangladesch

mixed legal system of mostly English common law and Islamic law

Portugal

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Suffrage

Liechtenstein

18 years of age; universal

Bangladesch

18 years of age; universal

Portugal

18 years of age; universal

Area

Liechtenstein

total: 160 sq km

land: 160 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Bangladesch

total: 148,460 sq km

land: 130,170 sq km

water: 18,290 sq km

Portugal

total: 92,090 sq km

land: 91,470 sq km

water: 620 sq km

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Land use

Liechtenstein

agricultural land: 37.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.1% (2018 est.)

other: 19.3% (2018 est.)

Bangladesch

agricultural land: 70.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 59% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 6.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.6% (2018 est.)

forest: 11.1% (2018 est.)

other: 18.8% (2018 est.)

Portugal

agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)

Location

Liechtenstein

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Bangladesch

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India

Portugal

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Age structure

Liechtenstein

0-14 years: 15.27% (male 3,389/female 2,718)

15-64 years: 64.38% (male 12,800/female 12,947)

65 years and over: 20.35% (2023 est.) (male 3,738/female 4,401)

Bangladesch

0-14 years: 25.38% (male 21,587,699/female 20,846,378)

15-64 years: 67.09% (male 54,560,958/female 57,599,478)

65 years and over: 7.53% (2023 est.) (male 5,871,022/female 6,718,930)

Portugal

0-14 years: 12.85% (male 672,673/female 641,409)

15-64 years: 65.18% (male 3,274,201/female 3,389,374)

65 years and over: 21.96% (2023 est.) (male 895,576/female 1,349,917)

Birth rate

Liechtenstein

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bangladesch

17.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Liechtenstein

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bangladesch

5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Liechtenstein

German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Bangladesch

Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):

বিশ্ব ফ্যাক্টবুক, মৌলিক তথ্যের অপরিহার্য উৎস (Bangla)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Portugal

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth

Liechtenstein

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.6 years

Bangladesch

total population: 75 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.8 years

female: 77.2 years

Portugal

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 78.6 years

female: 85 years

Major urban areas - population

Liechtenstein

5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)

Bangladesch

23.210 million DHAKA (capital), 5.380 million Chittagong, 955,000 Khulna, 962,000 Rajshahi, 964,000 Sylhet, 906,000 Bogra (2023)

Portugal

3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)

Median age

Liechtenstein

total: 44.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.3 years

female: 46 years

Bangladesch

total: 29.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 28.3 years

female: 30 years

Portugal

total: 46 years (2023 est.)

male: 44 years

female: 47.9 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Liechtenstein

31.3 years (2017)

Bangladesch

18.6 years (2017/18 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Portugal

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Liechtenstein

4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bangladesch

-2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Portugal

1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Liechtenstein

most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River

Portugal

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Population growth rate

Liechtenstein

0.7% (2023 est.)

Bangladesch

0.91% (2023 est.)

Portugal

-0.17% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Liechtenstein

1.69 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Bangladesch

2.08 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Portugal

1.44 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Liechtenstein

urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Bangladesch

urban population: 40.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.88% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Portugal

urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Liechtenstein

2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Bangladesch

2.1% of GDP (2021 est.)

Portugal

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Liechtenstein

total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Bangladesch

total: 12 years

male: 12 years

female: 13 years (2020)

Portugal

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Liechtenstein

1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)

Bangladesch

-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Portugal

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Liechtenstein

NA

Bangladesch

10.29% (2021 est.)

Portugal

5.63% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Liechtenstein

38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)

note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany

Bangladesch

70.961 million (2021 est.)

note: extensive migration of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia

Portugal

5.174 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Liechtenstein

NA

Bangladesch

24.3% (2016 est.)

Portugal

17.2% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Liechtenstein

2.4% (2015)

2.4% (2014)

Bangladesch

5.23% (2021 est.)

5.41% (2020 est.)

4.44% (2019 est.)

note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many persons counted as employed work only a few hours a week and at low wages

Portugal

6.65% (2021 est.)

6.79% (2020 est.)

6.46% (2019 est.)

Bangladesch

33.1% of GDP (2017 est.)

33.3% of GDP (2016 est.)

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Liechtenstein

-0.4% (2016 est.)

-0.2% (2013)

Bangladesch

5.55% (2021 est.)

5.69% (2020 est.)

5.59% (2019 est.)

Portugal

1.27% (2021 est.)

-0.01% (2020 est.)

0.34% (2019 est.)

Exports

Liechtenstein

$3.217 billion (2015 est.)

$3.774 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Bangladesch

$49.386 billion (2021 est.)

$38.476 billion (2020 est.)

$44.961 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Portugal

$105.648 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$85.128 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$104.846 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Bangladesch

United States 15%, Germany 14%, United Kingdom 8%, Spain 7%, France 7% (2019)

Portugal

Spain 26%, France 12%, Germany 12%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5% (2021)

Imports

Liechtenstein

$2.23 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Bangladesch

$85.303 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$56.776 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$64.234 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Portugal

$112.413 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$89.515 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.009 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Bangladesch

China 31%, India 15%, Singapore 5% (2019)

Portugal

Spain 31%, Germany 12%, France 6%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2021)

Bangladesch

18 (2021)

Portugal

64 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Liechtenstein

total: 18,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Bangladesch

total: 10,052,819 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2020 est.)

Portugal

total: 4,160,795 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Liechtenstein

total: 37,440 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Bangladesch

total: 66.3 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 39% (2021 est.)

Portugal

total: 8.2 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Railways

Liechtenstein

total: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Bangladesch

total: 2,460 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 1,801 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

broad gauge: 659 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge

Portugal

total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified

Roadways

Liechtenstein

total: 630 km (2019)

Bangladesch

total: 369,105 km (2018)

paved: 110,311 km (2018)

unpaved: 258,794 km (2018)

Portugal

total: 82,900 km (2008)

paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)

unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Telephones - fixed lines

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 11,712 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Bangladesch

total subscriptions: 587,476 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0 (2021 est.) less than 1

Portugal

total subscriptions: 5,318,750 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 49,264 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Bangladesch

total subscriptions: 181,021,227 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 107 (2021 est.)

Portugal

total subscriptions: 12,476,165 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Liechtenstein

28 km (2010)

Bangladesch

8,370 km (2011) (includes up to 3,060 km of main cargo routes; network reduced to 5,200 km in the dry season)

Portugal

210 km (2011) (on Douro River from Porto)

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein

none

Bangladesch

Bangladesh-Burma: the border area has historically been an area of conflict and instability; militants, particularly ethnic armed groups (EAGs) from Burma, continue to operate in the border region and conduct illegal crossings, and both countries maintain considerable numbers of security personnel along the border; Burmese military forces actively conduct operations against EAGs; in 2022, Burmese artillery struck Bangladesh territory several times during military operations against Arakan Army rebels inside Rakhine; as of 2017, Burmese border authorities had constructed about 130 miles of border fencing and had planned to fence off the remainder of the border

Bangladesh-India: Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Indian Prime Minister Singh's September 2011 visit to Bangladesh resulted in the signing of a Protocol to the 1974 Land Boundary Agreement between India and Bangladesh, which had called for the settlement of longstanding boundary disputes over un-demarcated areas and the exchange of territorial enclaves, but which had never been implemented

Portugal

Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz