Capital

Liechtenstein

name: Vaduz

geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the High German diutisk (meaning "German") to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town

Spanien

name: Madrid

geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)

etymology: the Romans named the original settlement "Matrice" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became "Majerit," meaning "source of water"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became "Matrit," which over time changed to "Madrid"

Bulgarien

name: Sofia

geographic coordinates: 42 41 N, 23 19 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: named after the Saint Sofia Church in the city, parts of which date back to the 4th century A.D.

Citizenship

Liechtenstein

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Spanien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Spain

dual citizenship recognized: only with select Latin American countries

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years for persons with no ties to Spain

Bulgarien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bulgaria

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Liechtenstein

civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law

Spanien

civil law system with regional variations

Bulgarien

civil law

Suffrage

Liechtenstein

18 years of age; universal

Spanien

18 years of age; universal

Bulgarien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Liechtenstein

total: 160 sq km

land: 160 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Spanien

total: 505,370 sq km

land: 498,980 sq km

water: 6,390 sq km

note: there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera

Bulgarien

total: 110,879 sq km

land: 108,489 sq km

water: 2,390 sq km

Land use

Liechtenstein

agricultural land: 37.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.1% (2018 est.)

other: 19.3% (2018 est.)

Spanien

agricultural land: 54.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 36.8% (2018 est.)

other: 9.1% (2018 est.)

Bulgarien

agricultural land: 46.9% (2018 est.)

arable land: 29.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 15.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 36.7% (2018 est.)

other: 16.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Liechtenstein

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Spanien

Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France

Bulgarien

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey

Age structure

Liechtenstein

0-14 years: 15.27% (male 3,389/female 2,718)

15-64 years: 64.38% (male 12,800/female 12,947)

65 years and over: 20.35% (2023 est.) (male 3,738/female 4,401)

Spanien

0-14 years: 13.37% (male 3,226,491/female 3,087,271)

15-64 years: 66.13% (male 15,649,418/female 15,577,164)

65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 4,169,949/female 5,512,320)

Bulgarien

0-14 years: 14.03% (male 492,147/female 465,612)

15-64 years: 65.17% (male 2,263,479/female 2,185,969)

65 years and over: 20.81% (2023 est.) (male 570,425/female 850,104)

Birth rate

Liechtenstein

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Spanien

7.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bulgarien

8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Liechtenstein

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Spanien

10.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bulgarien

14.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Liechtenstein

German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Spanien

Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan, <5,000 speakers); note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Bulgarien

Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Romani 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Светoвен Алманах, незаменимият източник за основна информация. (Bulgarian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Liechtenstein

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.6 years

Spanien

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.1 years

female: 85.6 years

Bulgarien

total population: 75.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.6 years

female: 79.2 years

Major urban areas - population

Liechtenstein

5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)

Spanien

6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)

Bulgarien

1.288 million SOFIA (capital) (2023)

Median age

Liechtenstein

total: 44.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.3 years

female: 46 years

Spanien

total: 46.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 45.2 years

female: 47.4 years

Bulgarien

total: 44.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 43 years

female: 46.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Liechtenstein

31.3 years (2017)

Spanien

31.2 years (2020 est.)

Bulgarien

26.4 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Liechtenstein

4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Spanien

4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bulgarien

-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Liechtenstein

most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River

Spanien

with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona

Bulgarien

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations

Population growth rate

Liechtenstein

0.7% (2023 est.)

Spanien

0.12% (2023 est.)

Bulgarien

-0.66% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Liechtenstein

1.69 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Spanien

1.29 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Bulgarien

1.51 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Liechtenstein

urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Spanien

urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla

Bulgarien

urban population: 76.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Liechtenstein

2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Spanien

4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Bulgarien

4% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Liechtenstein

total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Spanien

total: 18 years

male: 18 years

female: 19 years (2020)

Bulgarien

total: 14 years

male: 13 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Liechtenstein

1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)

Spanien

-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Bulgarien

1.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Liechtenstein

NA

Spanien

4.03% (2021 est.)

Bulgarien

1.72% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Liechtenstein

38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)

note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany

Spanien

23.382 million (2021 est.)

Bulgarien

3.291 million (2021 est.)

note: number of employed persons

Population below poverty line

Liechtenstein

NA

Spanien

20.7% (2018 est.)

Bulgarien

23.8% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Liechtenstein

2.4% (2015)

2.4% (2014)

Spanien

14.73% (2021 est.)

15.53% (2020 est.)

14.1% (2019 est.)

Bulgarien

5.42% (2021 est.)

5.12% (2020 est.)

4.23% (2019 est.)

Spanien

141.22% of GDP (2020 est.)

108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)

104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)

Bulgarien

32.24% of GDP (2020 est.)

26.92% of GDP (2019 est.)

28.69% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Liechtenstein

-0.4% (2016 est.)

-0.2% (2013)

Spanien

3.09% (2021 est.)

-0.32% (2020 est.)

0.7% (2019 est.)

Bulgarien

3.3% (2021 est.)

1.67% (2020 est.)

3.1% (2019 est.)

Exports

Liechtenstein

$3.217 billion (2015 est.)

$3.774 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Spanien

$497.868 billion (2021 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

$393.774 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

$486.633 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

Bulgarien

$51.505 billion (2021 est.)

$39.541 billion (2020 est.)

$44.041 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Spanien

France 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 8%, Portugal 8%, United Kingdom 7%, United States 5% (2019)

Bulgarien

Germany 16%, Romania 8%, Italy 7%, Turkey 7%, Greece 6% (2019)

Imports

Liechtenstein

$2.23 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Spanien

$476.678 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$375.087 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$445.719 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Bulgarien

$50.059 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$38.197 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$41.843 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Spanien

Germany 13%, France 11%, China 8%, Italy 7% (2019)

Bulgarien

Germany 11%, Russia 9%, Italy 7%, Romania 7%, Turkey 7% (2019)

Spanien

135 (2021)

Bulgarien

68 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Liechtenstein

total: 18,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Spanien

total: 16,188,502 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)

Bulgarien

total: 2,115,053 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Liechtenstein

total: 37,440 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Spanien

total: 44.18 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 94% (2021 est.)

Bulgarien

total: 5.175 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 75% (2021 est.)

Railways

Liechtenstein

total: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Spanien

total: 15,489 km (2020) 9,953 km electrified

Bulgarien

total: 4,029 km (2020) 2,871 km electrified

Roadways

Liechtenstein

total: 630 km (2019)

Spanien

total: 683,175 km (2011)

paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)

Bulgarien

total: 19,512 km (2011)

paved: 19,235 km (2011) (includes 458 km of expressways)

unpaved: 277 km (2011)

note: does not include Category IV local roads

Telephones - fixed lines

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 11,712 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Spanien

total subscriptions: 19,075,931 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2021 est.)

Bulgarien

total subscriptions: 787,637 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 49,264 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Spanien

total subscriptions: 56,805,348 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)

Bulgarien

total subscriptions: 7,902,756 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Liechtenstein

28 km (2010)

Spanien

1,000 km (2012)

Bulgarien

470 km (2009)

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein

none

Spanien

Spain-Andorra: none identified

Spain-France: none identified

Spain-Gibraltar (UK): in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain does not recognize British sovereignty beyond the original fortified perimeter of the city and disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal

Spain-Morocco: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island), which remains unoccupied but was the site of a  military standoff in 2002; Morocco serves as the primary embarkation area for illegal migration into mainland Spain from North Africa

Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Bulgarien

none