Capital

Liechtenstein

name: Vaduz

geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the High German diutisk (meaning "German") to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town

Finnland

name: Helsinki

geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name may derive from the Swedish helsing, an archaic name for "neck" (hals), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; fors refers to "rapids," so helsing fors meaning becomes "the narrows' rapids"

Panama

name: Panama City

geographic coordinates: 8 58 N, 79 32 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: according to tradition, the name derives from a former fishing area near the present capital - an indigenous village and its adjacent beach - that were called "panama" meaning "an abundance of fish"

Citizenship

Liechtenstein

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Finnland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Finland

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 6 years

Panama

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Liechtenstein

civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law

Finnland

civil law system based on the Swedish model

Panama

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice

Suffrage

Liechtenstein

18 years of age; universal

Finnland

18 years of age; universal

Panama

18 years of age; universal

Area

Liechtenstein

total: 160 sq km

land: 160 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Finnland

total: 338,145 sq km

land: 303,815 sq km

water: 34,330 sq km

Panama

total: 75,420 sq km

land: 74,340 sq km

water: 1,080 sq km

Land use

Liechtenstein

agricultural land: 37.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.1% (2018 est.)

other: 19.3% (2018 est.)

Finnland

agricultural land: 7.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 72.9% (2018 est.)

other: 19.6% (2018 est.)

Panama

agricultural land: 30.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.6% (2018 est.)

other: 25.9% (2018 est.)

Location

Liechtenstein

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Finnland

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia

Panama

Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica

Age structure

Liechtenstein

0-14 years: 15.27% (male 3,389/female 2,718)

15-64 years: 64.38% (male 12,800/female 12,947)

65 years and over: 20.35% (2023 est.) (male 3,738/female 4,401)

Finnland

0-14 years: 16.25% (male 466,311/female 446,015)

15-64 years: 60.5% (male 1,726,110/female 1,670,981)

65 years and over: 23.25% (2023 est.) (male 575,259/female 729,895)

Panama

0-14 years: 25.19% (male 569,439/female 540,143)

15-64 years: 64.87% (male 1,444,638/female 1,412,319)

65 years and over: 9.94% (2023 est.) (male 204,156/female 233,413)

Birth rate

Liechtenstein

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Finnland

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Panama

17.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Liechtenstein

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Finnland

10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Panama

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Liechtenstein

German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Finnland

Finnish (official) 86.5%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.6%, other 6.7% (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietolähde. (Finnish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Panama

Spanish (official), indigenous languages (including Ngabere (or Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (or Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (similar to Jamaican English Creole; a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere; also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese); note - many Panamanians are bilingual

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Liechtenstein

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.6 years

Finnland

total population: 82 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.1 years

female: 85 years

Panama

total population: 78.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.6 years

female: 81.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Liechtenstein

5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)

Finnland

1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023)

Panama

1.977 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2023)

Median age

Liechtenstein

total: 44.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.3 years

female: 46 years

Finnland

total: 43.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.7 years

female: 44.8 years

Panama

total: 31.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 30.8 years

female: 31.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Liechtenstein

31.3 years (2017)

Finnland

29.5 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Liechtenstein

4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Finnland

2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Panama

3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Liechtenstein

most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River

Finnland

the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely populated

Panama

population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited

Population growth rate

Liechtenstein

0.7% (2023 est.)

Finnland

0.22% (2023 est.)

Panama

1.51% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Liechtenstein

1.69 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Finnland

1.74 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Panama

2.37 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Liechtenstein

urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Finnland

urban population: 85.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Panama

urban population: 69.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Liechtenstein

2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Finnland

5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

Panama

3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Liechtenstein

total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Finnland

total: 19 years

male: 18 years

female: 20 years (2020)

Panama

total: 13 years

male: 12 years

female: 13 years (2016)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Liechtenstein

1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)

Finnland

-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Panama

-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Liechtenstein

NA

Finnland

2.77% (2021 est.)

Panama

37.5% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Liechtenstein

38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)

note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany

Finnland

2.82 million (2021 est.)

Panama

1.966 million (2021 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor

Population below poverty line

Liechtenstein

NA

Finnland

12.2% (2019 est.)

Panama

22.1% (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

Liechtenstein

2.4% (2015)

2.4% (2014)

Finnland

7.53% (2021 est.)

7.76% (2020 est.)

6.69% (2019 est.)

Panama

12.09% (2021 est.)

12.85% (2020 est.)

4.73% (2019 est.)

Finnland

61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

62.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Panama

37.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Liechtenstein

-0.4% (2016 est.)

-0.2% (2013)

Finnland

2.19% (2021 est.)

0.29% (2020 est.)

1.02% (2019 est.)

Panama

1.63% (2021 est.)

-1.55% (2020 est.)

-0.36% (2019 est.)

Exports

Liechtenstein

$3.217 billion (2015 est.)

$3.774 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Finnland

$116.905 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$97.789 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$107.084 billion (2019 est.)

Panama

$27.237 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$20.179 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$28.622 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

note: includes the Colon Free Zone

Finnland

Germany 13%, Sweden 9%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6% (2021)

Panama

Ecuador 20%, Guatemala 14%, China 8%, United States 6%, Netherlands 6% (2019)

Imports

Liechtenstein

$2.23 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Finnland

$116.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$97.037 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$106.664 billion (2019 est.)

Panama

$24.627 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.502 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$27.599 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

note: includes the Colon Free Zone

Finnland

Germany 16%, Sweden 15%, Russia 11%, China 7%, Netherlands 7% (2021)

Panama

China 21%, United States 19%, Japan 16%, Colombia 6%, Ecuador 5% (2019)

Finnland

148 (2021)

Panama

117 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Liechtenstein

total: 18,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Finnland

total: 1.846 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2020 est.)

Panama

total: 562,413 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Liechtenstein

total: 37,440 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Finnland

total: 5.115 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 93% (2021 est.)

Panama

total: 2.992 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 68% (2021 est.)

Railways

Liechtenstein

total: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Finnland

total: 5,918 km (2020) 3,349 km electrified

Panama

total: 77 km (2014)

standard gauge: 77 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Roadways

Liechtenstein

total: 630 km (2019)

Finnland

total: 454,000 km (2012)

highways: 78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)

private and forest roads: 350,000 km (2012)

urban: 26,000 km (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 11,712 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Finnland

total subscriptions: 207,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2021 est.)

Panama

total subscriptions: 790,486 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 49,264 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Finnland

total subscriptions: 7.15 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 129 (2021 est.)

Panama

total subscriptions: 6,003,255 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 138 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Liechtenstein

28 km (2010)

Finnland

8,000 km (2013) (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport used frequently in the summer and widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km); Finland also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways

Panama

800 km (2011) (includes the 82-km Panama Canal that is being widened)

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein

none

Finnland

various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the former Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands

Panama

Panama-Colombia: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama

Panama-Costa Rica: none identified