Capital

Liechtenstein

name: Vaduz

geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the High German diutisk (meaning "German") to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town

Mali

name: Bamako

geographic coordinates: 12 39 N, 8 00 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name in the Bambara language can mean either "crocodile tail" or "crocodile river" and three crocodiles appear on the city seal

Australien

name: Canberra

geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E

time difference: UTC+10 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April

time zone note: Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)

etymology: the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area "Nganbra" or "Nganbira"

Citizenship

Liechtenstein

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Mali

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mali

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Australien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years

Legal system

Liechtenstein

civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law

Mali

civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court

Australien

common law system based on the English model

Suffrage

Liechtenstein

18 years of age; universal

Mali

18 years of age; universal

Australien

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Area

Liechtenstein

total: 160 sq km

land: 160 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Mali

total: 1,240,192 sq km

land: 1,220,190 sq km

water: 20,002 sq km

Australien

total: 7,741,220 sq km

land: 7,682,300 sq km

water: 58,920 sq km

note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island

Land use

Liechtenstein

agricultural land: 37.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.1% (2018 est.)

other: 19.3% (2018 est.)

Mali

agricultural land: 34.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 5.6% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est.)

forest: 10.2% (2018 est.)

other: 55.7% (2018 est.)

Australien

agricultural land: 46.65% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)

forest: 17.42% (2018 est.)

other: 33.42% (2018 est.)

Location

Liechtenstein

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Mali

interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger

Australien

Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean

Age structure

Liechtenstein

0-14 years: 15.27% (male 3,389/female 2,718)

15-64 years: 64.38% (male 12,800/female 12,947)

65 years and over: 20.35% (2023 est.) (male 3,738/female 4,401)

Mali

0-14 years: 47.05% (male 5,054,927/female 4,995,605)

15-64 years: 49.88% (male 5,006,470/female 5,647,289)

65 years and over: 3.07% (2023 est.) (male 323,170/female 332,261)

Australien

0-14 years: 18.43% (male 2,515,636/female 2,359,859)

15-64 years: 64.89% (male 8,602,204/female 8,568,004)

65 years and over: 16.69% (2023 est.) (male 2,034,383/female 2,381,080)

Birth rate

Liechtenstein

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mali

40.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Australien

12.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Liechtenstein

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mali

8.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Australien

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Liechtenstein

German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Mali

Bambara (official), French 17.2%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.)

note: Mali has 13 national languages in addition to its official language

Australien

English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent language spoken at home

Life expectancy at birth

Liechtenstein

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.6 years

Mali

total population: 62.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 60.6 years

female: 65.1 years

Australien

total population: 83.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.1 years

female: 85.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Liechtenstein

5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)

Mali

2.929 million BAMAKO (capital) (2023)

Australien

5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023)

Median age

Liechtenstein

total: 44.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.3 years

female: 46 years

Mali

total: 16.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 15.6 years

female: 17 years

Australien

total: 37.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 36.8 years

female: 39 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Liechtenstein

31.3 years (2017)

Mali

19.2 years (2018 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49

Australien

28.7 years (2019 est.)

Net migration rate

Liechtenstein

4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Mali

-3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Australien

6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Liechtenstein

most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River

Mali

the overwhelming majority of the population lives in the southern half of the country, with greater density along the border with Burkina Faso as shown in this population distribution map

Australien

population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population

Population growth rate

Liechtenstein

0.7% (2023 est.)

Mali

2.93% (2023 est.)

Australien

1.19% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Liechtenstein

1.69 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Mali

5.45 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Australien

1.73 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Liechtenstein

urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Mali

urban population: 46.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.57% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Australien

urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island

Education expenditures

Liechtenstein

2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Mali

4.4% of GDP (2021 est.)

Australien

6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Liechtenstein

total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Mali

total: 7 years

male: 8 years

female: 7 years (2017)

Australien

total: 21 years

male: 20 years

female: 22 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Liechtenstein

1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)

Mali

-2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Australien

-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Liechtenstein

NA

Mali

1.01% (2021 est.)

Australien

-0.55% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Liechtenstein

38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)

note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany

Mali

7.9 million (2021 est.)

Australien

13.786 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Liechtenstein

NA

Mali

42.1% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Liechtenstein

2.4% (2015)

2.4% (2014)

Mali

7.72% (2021 est.)

7.7% (2020 est.)

7.44% (2019 est.)

Australien

5.11% (2021 est.)

6.46% (2020 est.)

5.16% (2019 est.)

Mali

35.4% of GDP (2017 est.)

36% of GDP (2016 est.)

Australien

69.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

60.25% of GDP (2019 est.)

54.49% of GDP (2018 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Liechtenstein

-0.4% (2016 est.)

-0.2% (2013)

Mali

3.93% (2021 est.)

0.44% (2020 est.)

-1.66% (2019 est.)

Australien

2.86% (2021 est.)

0.85% (2020 est.)

1.61% (2019 est.)

Exports

Liechtenstein

$3.217 billion (2015 est.)

$3.774 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Mali

$5.196 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.442 billion (2019 est.)

$4.186 billion (2018 est.)

Australien

$389.794 billion (2021 est.)

$300.77 billion (2020 est.)

$342.485 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Mali

United Arab Emirates 66%, Switzerland 26% (2019)

Australien

China 40%, Japan 14%, South Korea 9%, India 6%, Taiwan 4% (2021)

Imports

Liechtenstein

$2.23 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Mali

$6.339 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$6.559 billion (2019 est.)

$6.081 billion (2018 est.)

Australien

$298.712 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$250.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$295.504 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Mali

Senegal 23%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, China 11%, France 9% (2019)

Australien

China 28%, United States 10%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, Thailand 5% (2021)

Mali

25 (2021)

Australien

418 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Liechtenstein

total: 18,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Mali

total: 243,806 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2020 est.)

Australien

total: 9,099,619 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Liechtenstein

total: 37,440 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Mali

total: 7.48 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 34% (2021 est.)

Australien

total: 24.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Railways

Liechtenstein

total: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Mali

total: 593 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 593 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge

Australien

total: 36,064 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified

standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm

narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm

broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm

Roadways

Liechtenstein

total: 630 km (2019)

Mali

total: 139,107 km (2018)

Australien

total: 873,573 km (2015)

urban: 145,928 km (2015)

non-urban: 727,645 km (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 11,712 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Mali

total subscriptions: 301,055 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)

Australien

total subscriptions: 4.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 49,264 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Mali

total subscriptions: 21,882,251 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)

Australien

total subscriptions: 27.09 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Liechtenstein

28 km (2010)

Mali

1,800 km (2011) (downstream of Koulikoro; low water levels on the River Niger cause problems in dry years; in the months before the rainy season the river is not navigable by commercial vessels)

Australien

2,000 km (2011) (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling River systems)

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein

none

Mali

Mali-Burkina Faso: demarcation is underway with Burkina Faso

 

Australien

Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef