Capital

Liechtenstein

name: Vaduz

geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the High German diutisk (meaning "German") to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which over time simplified and came to refer specifically to Vaduz, the town

Nepal

name: Kathmandu

geographic coordinates: 27 43 N, 85 19 E

time difference: UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Kasthamandap temple that stood in Durbar Square; in Sanskrit, kastha means "wood" and mandapa means "pavilion"; the three-story structure was made entirely of wood, without iron nails or supports, and dated to the late 16th century; it collapsed during a 2015 earthquake

Rumänien

name: Bucharest

geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: related to the Romanian word "bucura" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is "to be glad (happy)"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to "city of joy"

Citizenship

Liechtenstein

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Nepal

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years

Rumänien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Liechtenstein

civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law

Nepal

English common law and Hindu legal concepts; note - new criminal and civil codes came into effect on 17 August 2018

Rumänien

civil law system

Suffrage

Liechtenstein

18 years of age; universal

Nepal

18 years of age; universal

Rumänien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Liechtenstein

total: 160 sq km

land: 160 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Nepal

total: 147,181 sq km

land: 143,351 sq km

water: 3,830 sq km

Rumänien

total: 238,391 sq km

land: 229,891 sq km

water: 8,500 sq km

Land use

Liechtenstein

agricultural land: 37.6% (2018 est.)

arable land: 18.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.1% (2018 est.)

other: 19.3% (2018 est.)

Nepal

agricultural land: 28.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 15.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 12.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 25.4% (2018 est.)

other: 45.8% (2018 est.)

Rumänien

agricultural land: 60.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 28.7% (2018 est.)

other: 10.6% (2018 est.)

Location

Liechtenstein

Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

Nepal

Southern Asia, between China and India

Rumänien

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine

Age structure

Liechtenstein

0-14 years: 15.27% (male 3,389/female 2,718)

15-64 years: 64.38% (male 12,800/female 12,947)

65 years and over: 20.35% (2023 est.) (male 3,738/female 4,401)

Nepal

0-14 years: 26.32% (male 4,175,742/female 3,956,153)

15-64 years: 67.52% (male 10,016,748/female 10,846,101)

65 years and over: 6.16% (2023 est.) (male 930,510/female 974,189)

Rumänien

0-14 years: 15.63% (male 1,472,449/female 1,391,671)

15-64 years: 62.13% (male 5,689,908/female 5,696,224)

65 years and over: 22.24% (2023 est.) (male 1,682,695/female 2,393,380)

Birth rate

Liechtenstein

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Nepal

17.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Rumänien

8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Liechtenstein

8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Nepal

5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Rumänien

14.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Liechtenstein

German 91.5% (official) (Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Nepal

Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9%; note - 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2021 national census; many in government and business also speak English (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s):
विश्व तथ्य पुस्तक,आधारभूत जानकारीको लागि अपरिहार्य स्रोत (Nepali)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Rumänien

Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond

major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Liechtenstein

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 80.5 years

female: 85.6 years

Nepal

total population: 72.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 72 years

female: 73.4 years

Rumänien

total population: 76.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.9 years

female: 80 years

Major urban areas - population

Liechtenstein

5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)

Nepal

1.571 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2023)

Rumänien

1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)

Median age

Liechtenstein

total: 44.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.3 years

female: 46 years

Nepal

total: 27.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 26 years

female: 28.1 years

Rumänien

total: 45.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 43.6 years

female: 46.5 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Liechtenstein

31.3 years (2017)

Nepal

20.4 years (2016 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Rumänien

27.1 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Liechtenstein

4.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Nepal

-4.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Rumänien

-3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Liechtenstein

most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River

Nepal

most of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is quite low

Rumänien

urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania

Population growth rate

Liechtenstein

0.7% (2023 est.)

Nepal

0.74% (2023 est.)

Rumänien

-1.01% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Liechtenstein

1.69 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Nepal

1.88 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Rumänien

1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Liechtenstein

urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Nepal

urban population: 21.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Rumänien

urban population: 54.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Liechtenstein

2.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

Nepal

4.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Rumänien

3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Liechtenstein

total: 15 years

male: 16 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Nepal

total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 13 years (2020)

Rumänien

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Liechtenstein

1.6% (of GDP) (2012 est.)

Nepal

-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Rumänien

-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Liechtenstein

NA

Nepal

4.51% (2021 est.)

Rumänien

4.07% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Liechtenstein

38,520 (2015 est.) (2012)

note: 51% of the labor force in Liechtenstein commute daily from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany

Nepal

16.884 million (2021 est.)

note: severe lack of skilled labor

Rumänien

8.381 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Liechtenstein

NA

Nepal

25.2% (2011 est.)

Rumänien

23.8% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Liechtenstein

2.4% (2015)

2.4% (2014)

Nepal

5.05% (2021 est.)

4.72% (2020 est.)

3.1% (2019 est.)

Rumänien

5.17% (2021 est.)

5.03% (2020 est.)

3.91% (2019 est.)

Nepal

39.05% of GDP (2020 est.)

31.78% of GDP (2019 est.)

Rumänien

57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)

43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)

42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Liechtenstein

-0.4% (2016 est.)

-0.2% (2013)

Nepal

4.09% (2021 est.)

5.05% (2020 est.)

5.57% (2019 est.)

Rumänien

5.05% (2021 est.)

2.63% (2020 est.)

3.83% (2019 est.)

Exports

Liechtenstein

$3.217 billion (2015 est.)

$3.774 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Nepal

$2.52 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.771 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.726 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Rumänien

$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Nepal

India 68%, United States 10% (2019)

Rumänien

Germany 22%, Italy 10%, France 7% (2019)

Imports

Liechtenstein

$2.23 billion (2014 est.)

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Nepal

$16.993 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$10.694 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.836 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Rumänien

$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Nepal

India 70%, China 15% (2019)

Rumänien

Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019)

Nepal

47 (2021)

Rumänien

45 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Liechtenstein

total: 18,050 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Nepal

total: 1.27 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)

Rumänien

total: 5,684,782 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Liechtenstein

total: 37,440 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Nepal

total: 15.6 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 52% (2021 est.)

Rumänien

total: 15.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 84% (2021 est.)

Railways

Liechtenstein

total: 9 km (2018)

standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)

note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland

Nepal

total: 59 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 59 km (2018) 0.762-m gauge

Rumänien

total: 10,628 km (2020) 4,030 km electrified

Roadways

Liechtenstein

total: 630 km (2019)

Nepal

total: 27,990 km (2016)

paved: 11,890 km (2016)

unpaved: 16,100 km (2016)

Rumänien

total: 84,185 km (2012)

paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)

unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 11,712 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Nepal

total subscriptions: 730,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2021 est.)

Rumänien

total subscriptions: 2.606 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Liechtenstein

total subscriptions: 49,264 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Nepal

total subscriptions: 38 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)

Rumänien

total subscriptions: 22.929 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Liechtenstein

28 km (2010)

Rumänien

1,731 km (2010) (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals)

Disputes - international

Liechtenstein

none

Nepal

Nepal-China: China may have constructed 11 buildings in Nepal’s Humla region in 2021

Nepal-India: joint border commission continues to work on contested sections of boundary with India, including the 400 sq km dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; the Kalapani issue resurfaced in November 2019 when India issued a new map showing the contested area within India’s borders and then built a new road in the region through Lipulekh pass, an area controlled by India but claimed by Nepal; Nepal countered by amending its constitution and issuing its own map showing the disputed area within its borders; the countries prime ministers briefly discussed the border dispute in April 2022; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of illegal cross-border activities

Rumänien

Romania-Bulgaria: none identified

Romania-Hungary: none identified

Romania-Moldova: none identified

Romania-Serbia: none identified

Romania-Ukraine: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta