Capital

Madagaskar

name: Antananarivo

geographic coordinates: 18 55 S, 47 31 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name, which means "City of the Thousand," was bestowed by 17th century King ADRIANJAKAKING to honor the soldiers assigned to guard the city

Bahrain

name: Manama

geographic coordinates: 26 14 N, 50 34 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-manama" meaning "place of rest" or "place of dreams"

Citizenship

Madagaskar

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Madagascar; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: unknown

Bahrain

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bahrain

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 25 years; 15 years for Arab nationals

Legal system

Madagaskar

civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation

Bahrain

mixed legal system of Islamic (sharia) law, English common law, Egyptian civil, criminal, and commercial codes; customary law

Suffrage

Madagaskar

18 years of age; universal

Bahrain

20 years of age; universal

Area

Madagaskar

total: 587,041 sq km

land: 581,540 sq km

water: 5,501 sq km

Bahrain

total: 760 sq km

land: 760 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Land use

Madagaskar

agricultural land: 71.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 64.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 21.5% (2018 est.)

other: 7.4% (2018 est.)

Bahrain

agricultural land: 11.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 2.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 5.3% (2018 est.)

forest: 0.7% (2018 est.)

other: 88% (2018 est.)

Location

Madagaskar

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique

Bahrain

Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia

Age structure

Madagaskar

0-14 years: 37.47% (male 5,451,018/female 5,343,865)

15-64 years: 58.72% (male 8,481,873/female 8,437,644)

65 years and over: 3.81% (2023 est.) (male 506,495/female 591,300)

Bahrain

0-14 years: 18.14% (male 142,866/female 139,083)

15-64 years: 77.83% (male 759,539/female 449,848)

65 years and over: 4.03% (2023 est.) (male 32,162/female 30,388)

Birth rate

Madagaskar

28.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bahrain

12.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Madagaskar

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bahrain

2.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Madagaskar

Malagasy (official) 99.9%, French (official) 23.6%, English 8.2%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)

note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census

Bahrain

Arabic (official), English, Farsi, Urdu

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Madagaskar

total population: 68.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 67.1 years

female: 69.9 years

Bahrain

total population: 80.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 77.9 years

female: 82.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Madagaskar

3.872 million ANTANANARIVO (capital) (2023)

Bahrain

709,000 MANAMA (capital) (2023)

Median age

Madagaskar

total: 21 years (2023 est.)

male: 20.9 years

female: 21.2 years

Bahrain

total: 33.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 34.6 years

female: 31 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Madagaskar

19.5 years (2021 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29

Net migration rate

Madagaskar

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Bahrain

-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Madagaskar

most of population lives on the eastern half of the island; significant clustering is found in the central highlands and eastern coastline as shown in this population distribution map

Bahrain

smallest population of the Gulf States, but urbanization rate exceeds 90%; largest settlement concentration is found on the far northern end of the island in and around Manamah and Al Muharraq

Population growth rate

Madagaskar

2.22% (2023 est.)

Bahrain

0.85% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Madagaskar

3.55 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Bahrain

1.66 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Madagaskar

urban population: 40.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Bahrain

urban population: 89.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Madagaskar

3.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

Bahrain

2.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Madagaskar

total: 10 years

male: 10 years

female: 10 years (2018)

Bahrain

total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2019)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Madagaskar

-2.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Bahrain

-10.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Madagaskar

-21.56% (2020 est.)

Bahrain

0.4% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Madagaskar

14.813 million (2021 est.)

Bahrain

819,100 (2021 est.)

note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national

Population below poverty line

Madagaskar

70.7% (2012 est.)

Bahrain

NA

Unemployment rate

Madagaskar

2.59% (2021 est.)

2.47% (2020 est.)

1.86% (2019 est.)

Bahrain

1.87% (2021 est.)

1.78% (2020 est.)

1.2% (2019 est.)

note: official estimate; actual rate is higher

Public debt

Madagaskar

36% of GDP (2017 est.)

38.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Bahrain

88.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

81.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Madagaskar

5.81% (2021 est.)

4.2% (2020 est.)

5.61% (2019 est.)

Bahrain

-0.61% (2021 est.)

-2.32% (2020 est.)

1.01% (2019 est.)

Exports

Madagaskar

$3.341 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.589 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.082 billion (2019 est.)

Bahrain

$35.235 billion (2021 est.)

$30.097 billion (2018 est.)

$26.732 billion (2017 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Madagaskar

United States 19%, France 18%, United Arab Emirates 7%, China 6%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, India 5% (2019)

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates 17%, Saudi Arabia 16%, United States 7%, Japan 7%, India 4% (2021)

Imports

Madagaskar

$4.768 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.718 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$4.685 billion (2019 est.)

Bahrain

$27.577 billion (2021 est.)

$27.187 billion (2018 est.)

$23.876 billion (2017 est.)

note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Madagaskar

China 24%, France 11%, United Arab Emirates 9%, India 7%, South Africa 5% (2019)

Bahrain

United Arab Emirates 24%, Saudi Arabia 15%, Brazil 12%, China 9%, India 6% (2021)

Airports

Madagaskar

83 (2021)

Bahrain

4 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Madagaskar

total: 32,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)

Bahrain

total: 148,928 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Madagaskar

total: 5.8 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 20% (2021 est.)

Bahrain

total: 1.5 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)

Railways

Madagaskar

total: 836 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 836 km (2018) 1.000-m gauge

Roadways

Madagaskar

total: 31,640 km (2018)

Bahrain

total: 4,122 km (2010)

paved: 3,392 km (2010)

unpaved: 730 km (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines

Madagaskar

total subscriptions: 26,271 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1

Bahrain

total subscriptions: 266,741 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Madagaskar

total subscriptions: 16,279,633 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 56 (2021 est.)

Bahrain

total subscriptions: 1,923,443 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 131 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Madagaskar

600 km (2011) (432 km navigable)

Disputes - international

Madagaskar

Madagascar-France: claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France); the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claim of France

Madagascar-Comoros: the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claim of the Comoros

Bahrain

none identified