Daten & Fakten
Myanmar
Iran
Ukraine
Capital
Myanmar
name:
Rangoon (Yangon); note - Nay Pyi Taw is the administrative capital
geographic coordinates:
16 48 N, 96 09 E
time difference:
UTC+6.5 (11.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Rangoon (Yangon) is a compound of "yan" signifying "enemies" and "koun" meaning "to run out of" and so denoting "End of Strife"; Nay Pyi Taw translates as: "Great City of the Sun" or "Abode of Kings"
Islamische Republik Iran
name: Tehran
geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September
etymology: various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words tah meaning "end or bottom" and ran meaning "[mountain] slope" to signify "bottom of the mountain slope"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains
geographic coordinates: 35 42 N, 51 25 E
time difference: UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September
etymology: various explanations of the city's name have been proffered, but the most plausible states that it derives from the Persian words tah meaning "end or bottom" and ran meaning "[mountain] slope" to signify "bottom of the mountain slope"; Tehran lies at the bottom slope of the Elburz Mountains
Ukraine
name: Kyiv (Kiev as the transliteration from Russian)
geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him
note: pronounced KAY-yiv
geographic coordinates: 50 26 N, 30 31 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name is associated with that of Kyi, who along with his brothers Shchek and Khoryv, and their sister Lybid, are the legendary founders of the medieval city of Kyiv; Kyi being the eldest brother, the city was named after him
note: pronounced KAY-yiv
Citizenship
Myanmar
citizenship by birth:
no
citizenship by descent only:
both parents must be citizens of Burma
dual citizenship recognized:
no
residency requirement for naturalization:
none
note: an applicant for naturalization must be the child or spouse of a citizen
Islamische Republik Iran
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Iran
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Iran
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Ukraine
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ukraine
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ukraine
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Regierungstyp
Myanmar
parliamentary republic
Legal system
Myanmar
mixed legal system of English common law (as introduced in codifications designed for colonial India) and customary law
Islamische Republik Iran
religious legal system based on secular and Islamic law
Ukraine
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Suffrage
Myanmar
18 years of age; universal
Islamische Republik Iran
18 years of age; universal
Ukraine
18 years of age; universal
Area
Myanmar
total:
676,578 sq km
land:
653,508 sq km
water:
23,070 sq km
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 1,648,195 sq km
land: 1,531,595 sq km
water: 116,600 sq km
land: 1,531,595 sq km
water: 116,600 sq km
Ukraine
total: 603,550 sq km
land: 579,330 sq km
water: 24,220 sq km
note: approximately 43,133 sq km, or about 7.1% of Ukraine's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Crimea and about one-third of both Luhans'k and Donets'k oblasts
land: 579,330 sq km
water: 24,220 sq km
note: approximately 43,133 sq km, or about 7.1% of Ukraine's area, is Russian occupied; the seized area includes all of Crimea and about one-third of both Luhans'k and Donets'k oblasts
Land use
Myanmar
agricultural land:
19.2%
(2011 est.)
arable land:
16.5%
(2011 est.)
/
permanent crops:
2.2%
(2011 est.)
/
permanent pasture:
0.5%
(2011 est.)
forest:
48.2%
(2011 est.)
other:
32.6%
(2011 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
agricultural land: 30.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.8% (2018 est.)
other: 63.1% (2018 est.)
arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 6.8% (2018 est.)
other: 63.1% (2018 est.)
Ukraine
agricultural land: 71.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 56.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 16.8% (2018 est.)
other: 12% (2018 est.)
arable land: 56.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.6% (2018 est.)
forest: 16.8% (2018 est.)
other: 12% (2018 est.)
Location
Myanmar
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand
Islamische Republik Iran
Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Ukraine
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
Age structure
Myanmar
0-14 years:
26.56%
(male 7,556,848 /female 7,216,374)
15-24 years:
17.51%
(male 4,900,092 /female 4,837,726)
25-54 years:
42.51%
(male 11,577,883 /female 12,068,190)
55-64 years:
7.75%
(male 2,011,057 /female 2,301,983)
65 years and over:
5.67%
(male 1,373,892 /female 1,778,461)
(2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
0-14 years: 23.51% (male 10,533,573/female 10,060,225)
15-64 years: 69.82% (male 31,140,117/female 30,014,613)
65 years and over: 6.67% (2023 est.) (male 2,723,298/female 3,119,047)
15-64 years: 69.82% (male 31,140,117/female 30,014,613)
65 years and over: 6.67% (2023 est.) (male 2,723,298/female 3,119,047)
Ukraine
0-14 years: 15.9% (male 3,549,814/female 3,334,617)
15-64 years: 65.95% (male 13,856,470/female 14,705,547)
65 years and over: 18.15% (2023 est.) (male 2,680,500/female 5,179,529)
15-64 years: 65.95% (male 13,856,470/female 14,705,547)
65 years and over: 18.15% (2023 est.) (male 2,680,500/female 5,179,529)
Birth rate
Myanmar
17.7 births/1,000 population
(2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
14.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Ukraine
5.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Myanmar
7.30
Islamische Republik Iran
5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Ukraine
19.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Myanmar
Burmese (official)
note: minority ethnic groups use their own languages
Islamische Republik Iran
Persian Farsi (official), Azeri and other Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic
major-language sample(s):
چکیده نامه جهان، منبعی ضروری برای کسب اطلاعات کلی جهان (Persian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
چکیده نامه جهان، منبعی ضروری برای کسب اطلاعات کلی جهان (Persian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Ukraine
Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldovan/Romanian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.); note - in February 2018, the Constitutional Court ruled that 2012 language legislation entitling a language spoken by at least 10% of an oblast's population to be given the status of "regional language" - allowing for its use in courts, schools, and other government institutions - was unconstitutional, thus making the law invalid; Ukrainian remains the country's only official nationwide language
major-language sample(s):
Свiтова Книга Фактiв – найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Свiтова Книга Фактiв – найкраще джерело базової інформації. (Ukrainian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Myanmar
68.60
Islamische Republik Iran
total population: 75.4 years (2023 est.)
male: 74.1 years
female: 76.9 years
male: 74.1 years
female: 76.9 years
Ukraine
total population: 69.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 64.5 years
female: 75.4 years
male: 64.5 years
female: 75.4 years
Major urban areas - population
Myanmar
5.157 million RANGOON (Yangon) (capital), 1.374 million Mandalay
(2018)
Islamische Republik Iran
9.500 million TEHRAN (capital), 3.368 million Mashhad, 2.258 million Esfahan, 1.721 million Shiraz, 1.661 million Tabriz, 1.594 million Karaj (2023)
Ukraine
3.017 million KYIV (capital), 1.421 million Kharkiv, 1.008 million Odesa, 942,000 Dnipropetrovsk, 888,000 Donetsk (2023)
Median age
Myanmar
total:
28.5 years
male:
27.7 years
female:
29.4 years
(2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 33.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 33.1 years
female: 33.5 years
male: 33.1 years
female: 33.5 years
Ukraine
total: 45.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 41.3 years
female: 50 years
male: 41.3 years
female: 50 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Myanmar
25 years
(2015/16 est.)
Ukraine
26.2 years (2019 est.)
Net migration rate
Myanmar
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Ukraine
37.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Myanmar
population concentrated along coastal areas and in general proximity to the shores of the Irrawaddy River; the extreme north is relatively underpopulated
Islamische Republik Iran
population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much lower population density
Ukraine
densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; noteable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa
Population growth rate
Myanmar
0.89%
(2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
0.93% (2023 est.)
Ukraine
2.33% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Myanmar
2.13 children born/woman
(2018 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
1.92 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Ukraine
1.22 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Myanmar
rate of urbanization:
1.74% annual rate of change
(2015-20 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
urban population: 77.3% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Ukraine
urban population: 70.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: -0.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Myanmar
0.80
Islamische Republik Iran
3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Ukraine
5.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Myanmar
female:
10 years
(2017)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2020)
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2020)
Ukraine
total: 15 years
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2014)
male: 15 years
female: 15 years (2014)
Country Comparison :: GDP - real growth rate
Myanmar
6.80
Country Comparison :: Gross national saving
Myanmar
17.70
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Myanmar
-3.2% (of GDP)
(2017 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
-2.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Ukraine
-5.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
GDP (purchasing power parity)
Myanmar
$329,800,000,000
Industrial production growth rate
Myanmar
8.90
Islamische Republik Iran
3.21% (2021 est.)
Ukraine
2.57% (2021 est.)
Country Comparison :: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
Myanmar
4.0
Country Comparison :: GDP - per capita (PPP)
Myanmar
$6,300
Country Comparison :: Labor force
Myanmar
22,300,000
Country Comparison :: Unemployment rate
Myanmar
4.00
Labor force
Myanmar
22,300,000
Islamische Republik Iran
27.682 million (2021 est.)
note: shortage of skilled labor
note: shortage of skilled labor
Ukraine
20.463 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Myanmar
25.6%
(2016 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
18.7% (2007 est.)
Ukraine
1.1% (2019 est.)
Unemployment rate
Myanmar
4%
(2017 est.)
4%
(2016 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
11.46% (2021 est.)
12.17% (2020 est.)
10.74% (2019 est.)
note: data are Iranian Government numbers
12.17% (2020 est.)
10.74% (2019 est.)
note: data are Iranian Government numbers
Ukraine
8.88% (2021 est.)
9.13% (2020 est.)
8.19% (2019 est.)
note: officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers
9.13% (2020 est.)
8.19% (2019 est.)
note: officially registered workers; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
Myanmar
total:
4%
male:
3.3%
female:
4.8%
(2017 est.)
Country Comparison :: Public debt
Myanmar
33.60
Public debt
Myanmar
33.60
Islamische Republik Iran
39.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
47.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: includes publicly guaranteed debt
Ukraine
58.72% of GDP (2020 est.)
48.33% of GDP (2019 est.)
56.91% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)
48.33% of GDP (2019 est.)
56.91% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: the total public debt of $64.5 billion consists of: domestic public debt ($23.8 billion); external public debt ($26.1 billion); and sovereign guarantees ($14.6 billion)
Country Comparison :: Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Myanmar
4.00
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Myanmar
4.00
Islamische Republik Iran
43.39% (2021 est.)
30.59% (2020 est.)
39.91% (2019 est.)
note: official Iranian estimate
30.59% (2020 est.)
39.91% (2019 est.)
note: official Iranian estimate
Ukraine
9.36% (2021 est.)
2.73% (2020 est.)
7.89% (2019 est.)
note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone
2.73% (2020 est.)
7.89% (2019 est.)
note: Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, the city of Sevastopol and part of the anti-terrorist operation zone
Country Comparison :: Central bank discount rate
Myanmar
9.95
Central bank discount rate
Myanmar
9.95
Country Comparison :: Exports
Myanmar
$9,832,000,000
Exports
Myanmar
$9,832,000,000
Islamische Republik Iran
$101.4 billion (2017 est.)
$83.98 billion (2016 est.)
$83.98 billion (2016 est.)
Ukraine
$81.504 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$60.707 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$63.556 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$60.707 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$63.556 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Myanmar
China 36.5%, Thailand 21.8%, Japan 6.6%, Singapore 6.4%, India 5.9%
(2017)
Islamische Republik Iran
China 48%, India 12%, South Korea 8%, Turkey 6%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)
Ukraine
China 12%, Poland 7%, Turkey 6%, Russia 5%, Italy 5% (2021)
Country Comparison :: Imports
Myanmar
$15,780,000,000
Imports
Myanmar
$15,780,000,000
Islamische Republik Iran
$76.39 billion (2017 est.)
$63.14 billion (2016 est.)
$63.14 billion (2016 est.)
Ukraine
$84.175 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$63.085 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$76.067 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$63.085 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$76.067 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Myanmar
China 31.4%, Singapore 15%, Thailand 11.1%, Saudi Arabia 7.5%, Malaysia 6.2%, Japan 6%, India 5.5%, Indonesia 4.5%
(2017)
Islamische Republik Iran
China 28%, United Arab Emirates 20%, India 11%, Turkey 7%, Brazil 6%, Germany 5% (2019)
Ukraine
China 14%, Russia 11%, Poland 9%, Germany 9%, Belarus 6% (2021)
Country Comparison :: Electricity - production
Myanmar
17,320,000,000
Country Comparison :: Electricity - consumption
Myanmar
14,930,000,000
Country Comparison :: Electricity - exports
Myanmar
2016 est.
Country Comparison :: Electricity - imports
Myanmar
2016 est.
Country Comparison :: Crude oil - production
Myanmar
12,000
Country Comparison :: Crude oil - exports
Myanmar
1,824
Country Comparison :: Crude oil - imports
Myanmar
2015 est.
Country Comparison :: Natural gas - production
Myanmar
18,410,000,000
Country Comparison :: Natural gas - exports
Myanmar
14,070,000,000
Country Comparison :: Natural gas - imports
Myanmar
2017 est.
Country Comparison :: Telephones - fixed lines
Myanmar
556,112
Country Comparison :: Telephones - mobile cellular
Myanmar
47,951,228
Country Comparison :: Internet users
Myanmar
14,264,308
Country Comparison :: Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Myanmar
404,932
Country Comparison :: Airports
Myanmar
64
Country Comparison :: Railways
Myanmar
5,031
Country Comparison :: Waterways
Myanmar
12,800
Airports
Myanmar
64
Islamische Republik Iran
319 (2021)
Ukraine
215 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Myanmar
total:
404,932
(2017 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
less than 1
(2017 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 9,564,195 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est.)
Ukraine
total: 7,769,401 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 19 (2020 est.)
Crude oil - exports
Myanmar
1,824
Crude oil - imports
Myanmar
0 bbl/day
(2015 est.)
Crude oil - production
Myanmar
12,000 bbl/day
(2017 est.)
Electricity - consumption
Myanmar
14,930,000,000
Electricity - exports
Myanmar
0
Electricity - imports
Myanmar
0
Electricity - production
Myanmar
17,320,000,000
Internet users
Myanmar
total:
14,264,308
(July 2016 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 69.52 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
Ukraine
total: 34,596,356 (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 79% (2021 est.)
Natural gas - exports
Myanmar
14,070,000,000
Natural gas - imports
Myanmar
0 cu m
(2017 est.)
Natural gas - production
Myanmar
18.41 billion cu m
(2017 est.)
Railways
Myanmar
total:
5,031 km
(2008)
narrow gauge:
5,031 km
1.000-m gauge
(2008)
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 8,483.5 km (2014)
standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified)
broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge
standard gauge: 8,389.5 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (189.5 km electrified)
broad gauge: 94 km (2014) 1.676-m gauge
Ukraine
total: 21,733 km (2014)
standard gauge: 49 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (49 km electrified)
broad gauge: 21,684 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified)
standard gauge: 49 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (49 km electrified)
broad gauge: 21,684 km (2014) 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified)
Roadways
Myanmar
157,000
Islamische Republik Iran
total: 223,485 km (2018)
paved: 195,485 km (2018)
unpaved: 28,000 km (2018)
paved: 195,485 km (2018)
unpaved: 28,000 km (2018)
Ukraine
total: 169,694 km (2012)
paved: 166,095 km (2012) (includes 17 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,599 km (2012)
paved: 166,095 km (2012) (includes 17 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,599 km (2012)
Telephones - fixed lines
Myanmar
total subscriptions:
556,112
(2017 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:
1
(2017 est.)
Islamische Republik Iran
total subscriptions: 29,306,782 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)
Ukraine
total subscriptions: 2.3 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 6 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Myanmar
47,951,228
Islamische Republik Iran
total subscriptions: 135,899,424 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (2021 est.)
Ukraine
total subscriptions: 56 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Myanmar
12,800
Islamische Republik Iran
850 km (2012) (on Karun River; some navigation on Lake Urmia)
Ukraine
1,672 km (2012) (most on Dnieper River)
Disputes - international
Myanmar
over half of Burma's population consists of diverse ethnic groups who have substantial numbers of kin in neighboring countries; the Naf River on the border with Bangladesh serves as a smuggling and illegal transit route; Bangladesh struggles to accommodate 741,792 Rohingya, Burmese Muslim minority from Arakan State, living as refugees in Cox's Bazar; Burmese border authorities are constructing a 200 km (124 mi) wire fence designed to deter illegal cross-border transit and tensions from the military build-up along border with Bangladesh in 2010; Bangladesh referred its maritime boundary claims with Burma and India to the International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea; Burmese forces attempting to dig in to the largely autonomous Shan State to rout local militias tied to the drug trade, prompts local residents to periodically flee into neighboring Yunnan Province in China; fencing along the India-Burma international border at Manipur's Moreh town is in progress to check illegal drug trafficking and movement of militants; over 100,000 mostly Karen refugees and asylum seekers fleeing civil strife, political upheaval, and economic stagnation in Burma were living in remote camps in Thailand near the border as of May 2017
Islamische Republik Iran
Iran-Afghanistan: Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey
Iran-Azerbaijan-Kazakhstan-Russia: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified a Caspian seabed delimitation treaty in 2018 based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea
Iran-Iraq: Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf
Iran-Kuwait: dispute over undemarcated maritime border and Al Durra offshore gasfield in the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Iran-UAE: Iran and UAE dispute the Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa islands, which are occupied by Iran; Iran has conducted military drills on and around the disputed islands
Caspian Sea (Maritime Boundary): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea
Ukraine
Ukraine-Belarus: in 1997, Ukraine and Belarus signed a boundary delimitation treaty; the instruments of ratification were exchanged in 2013; a joint commission should be established to enable the actual demarcation to begin
Ukraine-Hungary: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Hungary to escape the Russian invasion in their country
Ukraine-Moldova: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Moldova to escape the Russian invasion in their country; Ukraine and Moldova signed an agreement officially delimiting their border in 1999, but the border has not been demarcated due to Moldova's difficulties with the break-away region of Transnistria; Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transit of people and commodities through Moldova's Transnistria Region, which remains under the auspices of an Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe-mandated peacekeeping mission comprised of Moldovan, Transnistrian, Russian, and Ukrainian troops
Ukraine-Poland: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Poland to escape the Russian invasion in their country
Ukraine-Romania: hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Romania to escape the Russian invasion in their country, the ICJ in 2009 ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
Ukraine-Russia: the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia
Ukraine-Slovakia: tens of thousands of Ukrainian refugees are crossing the border to Slovakia to escape the Russian invasion of their country
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