Capital

Portugal

name: Lisbon

geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W

time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Portugal has two time zones, including the Azores (UTC-1)

etymology: Lisbon is one of Europe's oldest cities (the second oldest capital city after Athens) and the origin of the name is lost in time; it may have been founded as an ancient Celtic settlement that subsequently maintained close commercial relations with the Phoenicians (beginning about 1200 B.C.); the name of the settlement may have been derived from the pre-Roman appellation for the Tagus River that runs through the city, Lisso or Lucio; the Romans named the city "Olisippo" when they took it from the Carthaginians in 205 B.C.; under the Visigoths the city name became "Ulixbona," under the Arabs it was "al-Ushbuna"; the medieval version of "Lissabona" became today's Lisboa

Kroatien

name: Zagreb

geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name seems to be related to "digging"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or graba and that the name derives from this; za in Slavic means "beyond"; the overall meaning may be "beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)"

Citizenship

Portugal

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Portugal

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; 6 years if from a Portuguese-speaking country

Kroatien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Portugal

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Kroatien

civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations

Suffrage

Portugal

18 years of age; universal

Kroatien

18 years of age; universal

Area

Portugal

total: 92,090 sq km

land: 91,470 sq km

water: 620 sq km

note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Kroatien

total: 56,594 sq km

land: 55,974 sq km

water: 620 sq km

Land use

Portugal

agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 7.8% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 37.8% (2018 est.)

other: 22.5% (2018 est.)

Kroatien

agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 16% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)

other: 41.9% (2018 est.)

Location

Portugal

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Kroatien

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia

Age structure

Portugal

0-14 years: 12.85% (male 672,673/female 641,409)

15-64 years: 65.18% (male 3,274,201/female 3,389,374)

65 years and over: 21.96% (2023 est.) (male 895,576/female 1,349,917)

Kroatien

0-14 years: 13.98% (male 300,575/female 282,165)

15-64 years: 63.39% (male 1,319,878/female 1,322,953)

65 years and over: 22.63% (2023 est.) (male 391,632/female 552,036)

Birth rate

Portugal

8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kroatien

8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Portugal

10.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kroatien

13 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Portugal

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Kroatien

Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Portugal

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 78.6 years

female: 85 years

Kroatien

total population: 77.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 74.4 years

female: 80.8 years

Major urban areas - population

Portugal

3.001 million LISBON (capital), 1.325 million Porto (2023)

Kroatien

684,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2023)

Median age

Portugal

total: 46 years (2023 est.)

male: 44 years

female: 47.9 years

Kroatien

total: 44.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.9 years

female: 46.7 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Portugal

29.9 years (2020 est.)

Kroatien

29 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Portugal

1.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kroatien

-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Portugal

concentrations are primarily along or near the Atlantic coast; both Lisbon and the second largest city, Porto, are coastal cities

Kroatien

more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated

Population growth rate

Portugal

-0.17% (2023 est.)

Kroatien

-0.47% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Portugal

1.44 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Kroatien

1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Portugal

urban population: 67.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Kroatien

urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Portugal

5% of GDP (2020 est.)

Kroatien

5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Portugal

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Kroatien

total: 15 years

male: 14 years

female: 16 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Portugal

-3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Kroatien

0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Portugal

5.63% (2021 est.)

Kroatien

9.11% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Portugal

5.174 million (2021 est.)

Kroatien

1.742 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Portugal

17.2% (2018 est.)

Kroatien

18.3% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Portugal

6.65% (2021 est.)

6.79% (2020 est.)

6.46% (2019 est.)

Kroatien

8.68% (2021 est.)

7.51% (2020 est.)

6.62% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Portugal

125.7% of GDP (2017 est.)

129.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Kroatien

104.89% of GDP (2020 est.)

87.08% of GDP (2019 est.)

89.45% of GDP (2018 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Portugal

1.27% (2021 est.)

-0.01% (2020 est.)

0.34% (2019 est.)

Kroatien

2.55% (2021 est.)

0.15% (2020 est.)

0.77% (2019 est.)

Exports

Portugal

$105.648 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$85.128 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$104.846 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kroatien

$35.308 billion (2021 est.)

$24.007 billion (2020 est.)

$31.504 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Portugal

Spain 26%, France 12%, Germany 12%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5% (2021)

Kroatien

Italy 13%, Germany 13%, Slovenia 10%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9%, Austria 6%, Serbia 5% (2019)

Imports

Portugal

$112.413 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$89.515 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.009 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kroatien

$36.331 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$27.954 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$31.793 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Portugal

Spain 31%, Germany 12%, France 6%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2021)

Kroatien

Italy 14%, Germany 14%, Slovenia 11%, Hungary 7%, Austria 6% (2019)

Airports

Portugal

64 (2021)

Kroatien

69 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Portugal

total: 4,160,795 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Kroatien

total: 1,030,973 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Portugal

total: 8.2 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Kroatien

total: 3.321 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)

Railways

Portugal

total: 2,526 km (2020) 1,696 km electrified

Kroatien

total: 2,617 km (2020) 980 km electrified

Roadways

Portugal

total: 82,900 km (2008)

paved: 71,294 km (2008) (includes 2,613 km of expressways)

unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Kroatien

total: 26,958 km (2015) (includes 1,416 km of expressways)

Telephones - fixed lines

Portugal

total subscriptions: 5,318,750 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 52 (2021 est.)

Kroatien

total subscriptions: 1,268,941 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Portugal

total subscriptions: 12,476,165 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 121 (2021 est.)

Kroatien

total subscriptions: 4,402,213 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Portugal

210 km (2011) (on Douro River from Porto)

Kroatien

4,714 km (2022) Danube 2,859 km, Sava 562 km, Drava 505 km, Neretva 20 km, Bosut 151 km, Kupa 296 km, Mura 53 km, Korana 134 km, Lonja 134 km

Disputes - international

Portugal

Portugal-Spain: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Kroatien

dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Croatia joined the Schengen Zone on 1 January 2023