Capital

Paraguay

name: Asuncion

geographic coordinates: 25 16 S, 57 40 W

time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends last Sunday in March

etymology: the name means "assumption" and derives from the original name given to the city at its founding in 1537, Nuestra Senora Santa Maria de la Asuncion (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Assumption)

Kuwait

name: Kuwait City

geographic coordinates: 29 22 N, 47 58 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name derives from Arabic "al-Kuwayt" a diminutive of "kut" meaning "fortress," possibly a reference to a small castle built on the current location of Kuwait City by the Beni Khaled tribe in the 17th century

Montenegro

name: Podgorica; note - Cetinje retains the status of "Old Royal Capital"

geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name translates as "beneath Gorica"; the meaning of Gorica is "hillock"; the reference is to the small hill named Gorica that the city is built around

Citizenship

Paraguay

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a native-born citizen of Paraguay

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years

Kuwait

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kuwait

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: not specified

Montenegro

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Montenegro

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Legal system

Paraguay

civil law system with influences from Argentine, Spanish, Roman, and French civil law models; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court of Justice

Kuwait

mixed legal system consisting of English common law, French civil law, and Islamic sharia law

Montenegro

civil law

Suffrage

Paraguay

18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 75

Kuwait

21 years of age and at least 20-year citizenship

Montenegro

18 years of age; universal

Area

Paraguay

total: 406,752 sq km

land: 397,302 sq km

water: 9,450 sq km

Kuwait

total: 17,818 sq km

land: 17,818 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Montenegro

total: 13,812 sq km

land: 13,452 sq km

water: 360 sq km

Land use

Paraguay

agricultural land: 53.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.8% (2018 est.)

other: 2.4% (2018 est.)

Kuwait

agricultural land: 8.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 7.6% (2018 est.)

forest: 0.4% (2018 est.)

other: 91.1% (2018 est.)

Montenegro

agricultural land: 38.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 12.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 24.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 40.4% (2018 est.)

other: 21.4% (2018 est.)

Location

Paraguay

Central South America, northeast of Argentina, southwest of Brazil

Kuwait

Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia

Montenegro

Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia

Age structure

Paraguay

0-14 years: 22.4% (male 847,721/female 818,983)

15-64 years: 68.54% (male 2,560,031/female 2,539,378)

65 years and over: 9.06% (2023 est.) (male 320,958/female 352,792)

Kuwait

0-14 years: 23.32% (male 377,040/female 346,791)

15-64 years: 73.28% (male 1,371,010/female 903,309)

65 years and over: 3.4% (2023 est.) (male 45,351/female 60,079)

Montenegro

0-14 years: 17.93% (male 55,690/female 52,340)

15-64 years: 64.65% (male 194,334/female 195,127)

65 years and over: 17.42% (2023 est.) (male 45,993/female 58,961)

Birth rate

Paraguay

16.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kuwait

17.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Montenegro

11 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Paraguay

4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kuwait

2.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Montenegro

10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Paraguay

Spanish (official) and Guarani (official) 46.3%, only Guarani 34%, only Spanish 15.2%, other (includes Portuguese, German, other Indigenous languages) 4.1%, no response 0.4%; note - data represent predominant household language (2012 est.)

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Kuwait

Arabic (official), English widely spoken

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Montenegro

Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian) 

Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Montenegrin/Bosnian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Paraguay

total population: 78.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 76 years

female: 81.4 years

Kuwait

total population: 79.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 77.9 years

female: 80.9 years

Montenegro

total population: 78 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.6 years

female: 80.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Paraguay

3.511 million ASUNCION (capital) (2023)

Kuwait

3.298 million KUWAIT (capital) (2023)

Montenegro

177,000 PODGORICA (capital) (2018)

Median age

Paraguay

total: 31.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 31.1 years

female: 31.5 years

Kuwait

total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 31 years

female: 28.6 years

Montenegro

total: 40.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 39.2 years

female: 42.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Paraguay

22.9 years (2008 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29

Montenegro

26.3 years (2010 est.)

Net migration rate

Paraguay

-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Kuwait

-4.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Montenegro

-5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Paraguay

most of the population resides in the eastern half of the country; to the west lies the Gran Chaco (a semi-arid lowland plain), which accounts for 60% of the land territory, but only 2% of the overall population

Kuwait

densest settlement is along the Persian Gulf, particularly in Kuwait City and on Bubiyan Island; significant population threads extend south and west along highways that radiate from the capital, particularly in the southern half of the country

Montenegro

highest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area

Population growth rate

Paraguay

1.12% (2023 est.)

Kuwait

1.13% (2023 est.)

Montenegro

-0.43% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Paraguay

1.88 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Kuwait

2.22 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Montenegro

1.81 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Paraguay

urban population: 63.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Kuwait

urban population: 100% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Montenegro

urban population: 68.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Paraguay

3.3% of GDP (2020 est.)

Kuwait

6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Montenegro

NA

Kuwait

total: 15 years

male: 13 years

female: 16 years (2015)

Montenegro

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 16 years (2021)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Paraguay

-1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Kuwait

-10% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Montenegro

-5.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Paraguay

4.69% (2021 est.)

Kuwait

-12.2% (2020 est.)

Montenegro

1.39% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Paraguay

3.43 million (2021 est.)

Kuwait

2.363 million (2021 est.)

note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force

Montenegro

277,400 (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Paraguay

23.5% (2019 est.)

Kuwait

NA

Montenegro

24.5% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Paraguay

7.21% (2021 est.)

7.55% (2020 est.)

6.59% (2019 est.)

Kuwait

3.71% (2021 est.)

3.54% (2020 est.)

2.17% (2019 est.)

Montenegro

18.49% (2021 est.)

17.9% (2020 est.)

15.12% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Paraguay

19.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

18.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Kuwait

20.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

9.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

Montenegro

67.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

66.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Paraguay

4.79% (2021 est.)

1.77% (2020 est.)

2.76% (2019 est.)

Kuwait

3.42% (2021 est.)

2.1% (2020 est.)

1.09% (2019 est.)

Montenegro

2.41% (2021 est.)

-0.26% (2020 est.)

0.36% (2019 est.)

Exports

Paraguay

$14.154 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$11.794 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.272 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kuwait

$77.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$47.416 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$72.833 billion (2019 est.)

Montenegro

$2.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.247 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.424 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Paraguay

Brazil 32%, Argentina 22%, Chile 8%, Russia 8% (2019)

Kuwait

China 20%, South Korea 16%, India 15%, Japan 10%, Taiwan 6%, Vietnam 5% (2019)

Montenegro

Serbia 17%, Hungary 15%, China 11%, Russia 7%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6%, Germany 6%, Italy 5%, Poland 5% (2019)

Imports

Paraguay

$13.454 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$10.46 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.146 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Kuwait

$48.954 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$44.015 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$59.654 billion (2019 est.)

Montenegro

$3.637 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.917 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.6 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Paraguay

Brazil 24%, United States 22%, China 17%, Argentina 10%, Chile 5% (2019)

Kuwait

China 14%, United Arab Emirates 12%, United States 10%, Saudi Arabia 6%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, India 5% (2019)

Montenegro

Serbia 30%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 8%, Croatia 8%, Italy 6%, Greece 6%, Germany 5% (2019)

Airports

Paraguay

799 (2021)

Kuwait

7 (2021)

Montenegro

5 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Paraguay

total: 562,369 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2020 est.)

Kuwait

total: 73,948 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)

Montenegro

total: 184,176 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Paraguay

total: 5.159 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 77% (2021 est.)

Kuwait

total: 4.3 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)

Montenegro

total: 516,600 (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Railways

Paraguay

total: 30 km (2014)

standard gauge: 30 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Montenegro

total: 250 km (2017)

standard gauge: 250 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (224 km electrified)

Roadways

Paraguay

total: 78,811 km (2020)

paved: 8,573 km (2020)

unpaved: 70,238 km (2020)

Kuwait

total: 5,749 km (2018)

paved: 4,887 km (2018)

unpaved: 862 km (2018)

Montenegro

total: 7,762 km (2010)

paved: 7,141 km (2010)

unpaved: 621 km (2010)

Telephones - fixed lines

Paraguay

total subscriptions: 203,971 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)

Kuwait

total subscriptions: 580,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2020 est.)

Montenegro

total subscriptions: 189,519 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Paraguay

total subscriptions: 7,975,074 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2021 est.)

Kuwait

total subscriptions: 6,918,180 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 163 (2021 est.)

Montenegro

total subscriptions: 1,120,074 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 178 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Paraguay

3,100 km (2012) (primarily on the Paraguay and Paraná River systems)

Disputes - international

Paraguay

Paraguay-Argentina-Brazil: unruly region at convergence of Paraguay-Argentina-Brazil borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for violent extremist organizations

Kuwait

Kuwait-Iraq: no maritime boundary exists with Iraq in the Persian Gulf; Kuwait has called on Iraq to resolve the domestic legal status of the 2012 Kuwait-Iraq Agreement to regulate maritime navigation in Khor Abdullah and ensure that the agreement remains in force  

Kuwait-Saudi Arabia: their maritime boundary was established in 2000 and has a neutral zone but its extension to Iran’s maritime boundary has not been negotiated

 

Montenegro

Montenegro-Albania: none identified

Montenegro-Bosnia and Herzegovina: the two countries signed a border agreement in August 2015; sovereignty of the disputed Sutorina territory was given to Montenegro

Montenegro-Croatia: the two countries in 2002 reached a temporary agreement designating the Prevlaka Peninsula as part of Croatia, in October 2020, a Montenegrin official resurrected the dormant dispute over the Prevlaka Peninsula by stating that Montenegro had a good chance of winning it through international arbitration

Montenegro-Kosovo: a 2015 border agreement was ratified by Montenegro in 2015 and by Kosovo in 2018, but the actual demarcation has not been completed

Montenegro-Serbia: The former republic boundary – when the two countries were one and called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated