Daten & Fakten
Rumänien
Slowenien
Kroatien
Capital
Rumänien
name: Bucharest
geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: related to the Romanian word "bucura" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is "to be glad (happy)"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to "city of joy"
geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: related to the Romanian word "bucura" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is "to be glad (happy)"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to "city of joy"
Slowenien
name: Ljubljana
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: likely related to the Slavic root "ljub", meaning "to like" or "to love"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word "ljubljena" meaning "beloved"
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: likely related to the Slavic root "ljub", meaning "to like" or "to love"; by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word "ljubljena" meaning "beloved"
Kroatien
name: Zagreb
geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name seems to be related to "digging"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or graba and that the name derives from this; za in Slavic means "beyond"; the overall meaning may be "beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)"
geographic coordinates: 45 48 N, 16 00 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name seems to be related to "digging"; archeologists suggest that the original settlement was established beyond a water-filled hole or graba and that the name derives from this; za in Slavic means "beyond"; the overall meaning may be "beyond the trench (fault, channel, ditch)"
Citizenship
Rumänien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Slowenien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
Kroatien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Croatia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
Rumänien
civil law system
Slowenien
civil law system
Kroatien
civil law system influenced by legal heritage of Austria-Hungary; note - Croatian law was fully harmonized with the European Community acquis as of the June 2010 completion of EU accession negotiations
Suffrage
Rumänien
18 years of age; universal
Slowenien
18 years of age; universal
Kroatien
18 years of age; universal
Area
Rumänien
total: 238,391 sq km
land: 229,891 sq km
water: 8,500 sq km
land: 229,891 sq km
water: 8,500 sq km
Slowenien
total: 20,273 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
Kroatien
total: 56,594 sq km
land: 55,974 sq km
water: 620 sq km
land: 55,974 sq km
water: 620 sq km
Land use
Rumänien
agricultural land: 60.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 28.7% (2018 est.)
other: 10.6% (2018 est.)
arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 28.7% (2018 est.)
other: 10.6% (2018 est.)
Slowenien
agricultural land: 22.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 62.3% (2018 est.)
other: 14.9% (2018 est.)
arable land: 8.4% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 62.3% (2018 est.)
other: 14.9% (2018 est.)
Kroatien
agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)
other: 41.9% (2018 est.)
arable land: 16% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 34.4% (2018 est.)
other: 41.9% (2018 est.)
Location
Rumänien
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Slowenien
south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia
Kroatien
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Age structure
Rumänien
0-14 years: 15.63% (male 1,472,449/female 1,391,671)
15-64 years: 62.13% (male 5,689,908/female 5,696,224)
65 years and over: 22.24% (2023 est.) (male 1,682,695/female 2,393,380)
15-64 years: 62.13% (male 5,689,908/female 5,696,224)
65 years and over: 22.24% (2023 est.) (male 1,682,695/female 2,393,380)
Slowenien
0-14 years: 14.55% (male 156,499/female 148,987)
15-64 years: 62.73% (male 685,750/female 631,553)
65 years and over: 22.72% (2023 est.) (male 208,832/female 268,169)
15-64 years: 62.73% (male 685,750/female 631,553)
65 years and over: 22.72% (2023 est.) (male 208,832/female 268,169)
Kroatien
0-14 years: 13.98% (male 300,575/female 282,165)
15-64 years: 63.39% (male 1,319,878/female 1,322,953)
65 years and over: 22.63% (2023 est.) (male 391,632/female 552,036)
15-64 years: 63.39% (male 1,319,878/female 1,322,953)
65 years and over: 22.63% (2023 est.) (male 391,632/female 552,036)
Birth rate
Rumänien
8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Slowenien
8.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Kroatien
8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Rumänien
14.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Slowenien
10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Kroatien
13 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Rumänien
Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)
note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond
major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond
major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Slowenien
Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Kroatien
Croatian (official) 95.6%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3% (including Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and Albanian), unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Rumänien
total population: 76.3 years (2023 est.)
male: 72.9 years
female: 80 years
male: 72.9 years
female: 80 years
Slowenien
total population: 82 years (2023 est.)
male: 79.2 years
female: 85 years
male: 79.2 years
female: 85 years
Kroatien
total population: 77.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 74.4 years
female: 80.8 years
male: 74.4 years
female: 80.8 years
Major urban areas - population
Rumänien
1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)
Slowenien
286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
Kroatien
684,000 ZAGREB (capital) (2023)
Median age
Rumänien
total: 45.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 43.6 years
female: 46.5 years
male: 43.6 years
female: 46.5 years
Slowenien
total: 45.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 44.6 years
female: 47.5 years
male: 44.6 years
female: 47.5 years
Kroatien
total: 44.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 42.9 years
female: 46.7 years
male: 42.9 years
female: 46.7 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
Rumänien
27.1 years (2020 est.)
Slowenien
29 years (2020 est.)
Kroatien
29 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
Rumänien
-3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Slowenien
1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Kroatien
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Rumänien
urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
Slowenien
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest exhibit less density than elsewhere
Kroatien
more of the population lives in the northern half of the country, with approximately a quarter of the populace residing in and around the capital of Zagreb; many of the islands are sparsely populated
Population growth rate
Rumänien
-1.01% (2023 est.)
Slowenien
-0.08% (2023 est.)
Kroatien
-0.47% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Rumänien
1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Slowenien
1.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Kroatien
1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Rumänien
urban population: 54.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Slowenien
urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Kroatien
urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Rumänien
3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Slowenien
5.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Kroatien
5.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Rumänien
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2020)
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2020)
Slowenien
total: 18 years
male: 17 years
female: 18 years (2020)
male: 17 years
female: 18 years (2020)
Kroatien
total: 15 years
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2020)
male: 14 years
female: 16 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Rumänien
-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Slowenien
0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Kroatien
0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Rumänien
4.07% (2021 est.)
Slowenien
9.43% (2021 est.)
Kroatien
9.11% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Rumänien
8.381 million (2021 est.)
Slowenien
1.036 million (2021 est.)
Kroatien
1.742 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Rumänien
23.8% (2018 est.)
Slowenien
12% (2018 est.)
Kroatien
18.3% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
Rumänien
5.17% (2021 est.)
5.03% (2020 est.)
3.91% (2019 est.)
5.03% (2020 est.)
3.91% (2019 est.)
Slowenien
4.42% (2021 est.)
4.97% (2020 est.)
4.45% (2019 est.)
4.97% (2020 est.)
4.45% (2019 est.)
Kroatien
8.68% (2021 est.)
7.51% (2020 est.)
6.62% (2019 est.)
7.51% (2020 est.)
6.62% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Rumänien
57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)
43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)
42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)
42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Slowenien
73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
78.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
78.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
Kroatien
104.89% of GDP (2020 est.)
87.08% of GDP (2019 est.)
89.45% of GDP (2018 est.)
87.08% of GDP (2019 est.)
89.45% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Rumänien
5.05% (2021 est.)
2.63% (2020 est.)
3.83% (2019 est.)
2.63% (2020 est.)
3.83% (2019 est.)
Slowenien
1.92% (2021 est.)
-0.05% (2020 est.)
1.63% (2019 est.)
-0.05% (2020 est.)
1.63% (2019 est.)
Kroatien
2.55% (2021 est.)
0.15% (2020 est.)
0.77% (2019 est.)
0.15% (2020 est.)
0.77% (2019 est.)
Exports
Rumänien
$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Slowenien
$51.634 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$41.823 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$45.516 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$41.823 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$45.516 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Kroatien
$35.308 billion (2021 est.)
$24.007 billion (2020 est.)
$31.504 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
$24.007 billion (2020 est.)
$31.504 billion (2019 est.)
note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Exports - partners
Rumänien
Germany 22%, Italy 10%, France 7% (2019)
Slowenien
Germany 18%, Italy 11%, Croatia 8%, Austria 7%, France 5%, Switzerland 5% (2019)
Kroatien
Italy 13%, Germany 13%, Slovenia 10%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9%, Austria 6%, Serbia 5% (2019)
Imports
Rumänien
$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Slowenien
$47.665 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$36.804 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$40.809 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$36.804 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$40.809 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Kroatien
$36.331 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$27.954 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$31.793 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$27.954 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$31.793 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Rumänien
Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019)
Slowenien
Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Austria 8%, Switzerland 8%, China 7% (2019)
Kroatien
Italy 14%, Germany 14%, Slovenia 11%, Hungary 7%, Austria 6% (2019)
Airports
Rumänien
45 (2021)
Slowenien
16 (2021)
Kroatien
69 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Rumänien
total: 5,684,782 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Slowenien
total: 651,604 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
Kroatien
total: 1,030,973 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Rumänien
total: 15.96 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 84% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 84% (2021 est.)
Slowenien
total: 1.869 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 89% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 89% (2021 est.)
Kroatien
total: 3.321 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
Railways
Rumänien
total: 10,628 km (2020) 4,030 km electrified
Slowenien
total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified
Kroatien
total: 2,617 km (2020) 980 km electrified
Roadways
Rumänien
total: 84,185 km (2012)
paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)
unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)
paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)
unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)
Slowenien
total: 38,985 km (2012)
paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)
paved: 38,985 km (2012) (includes 769 km of expressways)
Kroatien
total: 26,958 km (2015) (includes 1,416 km of expressways)
Telephones - fixed lines
Rumänien
total subscriptions: 2.606 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
Slowenien
total subscriptions: 695,444 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2021 est.)
Kroatien
total subscriptions: 1,268,941 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Rumänien
total subscriptions: 22.929 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2021 est.)
Slowenien
total subscriptions: 2,607,268 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2021 est.)
Kroatien
total subscriptions: 4,402,213 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 108 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Rumänien
1,731 km (2010) (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals)
Slowenien
710 km (2022) (some transport on the Drava River)
Kroatien
4,714 km (2022) Danube 2,859 km, Sava 562 km, Drava 505 km, Neretva 20 km, Bosut 151 km, Kupa 296 km, Mura 53 km, Korana 134 km, Lonja 134 km
Disputes - international
Rumänien
Romania-Bulgaria: none identified
Romania-Hungary: none identified
Romania-Moldova: none identified
Romania-Serbia: none identified
Romania-Ukraine: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta
Slowenien
Slovenia-Austria: none identified
Slovenia-Croatia: since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piran Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led Slovenia to lift its objections to Croatia joining the EU; in June 2017, the Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a ruling on the border, but Croatia had withdrawn from the proceedings in 2015 and refused to implement it; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia
Slovenia-Hungary: none identified
Slovenia-Italy: none identified
Kroatien
dispute remains with Bosnia and Herzegovina over several small sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinders ratification of the 1999 border agreement; since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, Croatia and Slovenia have each claimed sovereignty over Piranski Bay and four villages, and Slovenia has objected to Croatia's claim of an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic Sea; in 2009, however Croatia and Slovenia signed a binding international arbitration agreement to define their disputed land and maritime borders, which led to Slovenia lifting its objections to Croatia joining the EU; Croatia joined the Schengen Zone on 1 January 2023
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