Daten & Fakten
Saudi-Arabien
Tadschikistan
Capital
Saudi-Arabien
name: Riyadh
geographic coordinates: 24 39 N, 46 42 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name derives from the Arabic word "riyadh," meaning "gardens," and refers to various oasis towns in the area that merged to form the city
geographic coordinates: 24 39 N, 46 42 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name derives from the Arabic word "riyadh," meaning "gardens," and refers to various oasis towns in the area that merged to form the city
Tadschikistan
name: Dushanbe
geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)
geographic coordinates: 38 33 N, 68 46 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: today's city was originally at the crossroads where a large bazaar occurred on Mondays, hence the name Dushanbe, which in Persian means Monday, i.e., the second day (du) after Saturday (shambe)
Citizenship
Saudi-Arabien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Saudi Arabia; a child born out of wedlock in Saudi Arabia to a Saudi mother and unknown father
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Saudi Arabia; a child born out of wedlock in Saudi Arabia to a Saudi mother and unknown father
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Tadschikistan
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Tajikistan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years or 3 years of continuous residence prior to application
Legal system
Saudi-Arabien
Islamic (sharia) legal system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; note - several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees
Tadschikistan
civil law system
Suffrage
Saudi-Arabien
18 years of age; universal for municipal elections
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/saudi-women-go-to-the-polls-finally
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/saudi-women-go-to-the-polls-finally
Tadschikistan
18 years of age; universal
Area
Saudi-Arabien
total: 2,149,690 sq km
land: 2,149,690 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 2,149,690 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Tadschikistan
total: 144,100 sq km
land: 141,510 sq km
water: 2,590 sq km
land: 141,510 sq km
water: 2,590 sq km
Land use
Saudi-Arabien
agricultural land: 80.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.5% (2018 est.)
other: 18.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 0.5% (2018 est.)
other: 18.8% (2018 est.)
Tadschikistan
agricultural land: 34.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 2.9% (2018 est.)
other: 62.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 6.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.9% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est.)
forest: 2.9% (2018 est.)
other: 62.4% (2018 est.)
Location
Saudi-Arabien
Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen
Tadschikistan
Central Asia, west of China, south of Kyrgyzstan
Age structure
Saudi-Arabien
0-14 years: 23.45% (male 4,298,399/female 4,130,547)
15-64 years: 72.36% (male 15,251,742/female 10,752,649)
65 years and over: 4.19% (2023 est.) (male 799,270/female 707,199)
15-64 years: 72.36% (male 15,251,742/female 10,752,649)
65 years and over: 4.19% (2023 est.) (male 799,270/female 707,199)
Tadschikistan
0-14 years: 29.98% (male 1,411,335/female 1,360,882)
15-64 years: 65.84% (male 3,025,782/female 3,061,836)
65 years and over: 4.18% (2023 est.) (male 159,728/female 226,374)
15-64 years: 65.84% (male 3,025,782/female 3,061,836)
65 years and over: 4.18% (2023 est.) (male 159,728/female 226,374)
Birth rate
Saudi-Arabien
13.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Tadschikistan
26.4 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Saudi-Arabien
3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Tadschikistan
4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Saudi-Arabien
Arabic (official)
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Tadschikistan
Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: Russian widely used in government and business
major-language sample(s):
Китоби Фактҳои Ҷаҳонӣ, манбаи бебадали маълумоти асосӣ (Tajik)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: Russian widely used in government and business
Life expectancy at birth
Saudi-Arabien
total population: 76.9 years (2023 est.)
male: 75.3 years
female: 78.6 years
male: 75.3 years
female: 78.6 years
Tadschikistan
total population: 71.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 69.2 years
female: 73.1 years
male: 69.2 years
female: 73.1 years
Major urban areas - population
Saudi-Arabien
7.682 million RIYADH (capital), 4.863 million Jeddah, 2.150 million Mecca, 1.573 million Medina, 1.329 million Ad Dammam, 872,000 million Hufuf-Mubarraz (2023)
Tadschikistan
987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023)
Median age
Saudi-Arabien
total: 32 years (2023 est.)
male: 34.2 years
female: 29 years
male: 34.2 years
female: 29 years
Tadschikistan
total: 22.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 22.3 years
female: 23.2 years
male: 22.3 years
female: 23.2 years
Tadschikistan
23.2 years (2017 est.)
Net migration rate
Saudi-Arabien
6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Tadschikistan
-2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Saudi-Arabien
historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since petroleum was discovered in the 1930s; most of the economic activities - and with it the country's population - is concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east, through Riyadh in the interior, to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea
Tadschikistan
the country's population is concentrated at lower elevations, with perhaps as much as 90% of the people living in valleys; overall density increases from east to west
Population growth rate
Saudi-Arabien
1.65% (2023 est.)
Tadschikistan
1.94% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Saudi-Arabien
1.89 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Tadschikistan
3.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Saudi-Arabien
urban population: 85% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Tadschikistan
urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.73% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
Saudi-Arabien
7.8% of GDP (2020) NA
Tadschikistan
5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
Saudi-Arabien
total: 17 years
male: 17 years
female: 16 years (2021)
male: 17 years
female: 16 years (2021)
Tadschikistan
total: 11 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2013)
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2013)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Saudi-Arabien
-8.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Tadschikistan
-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Saudi-Arabien
1.71% (2021 est.)
Tadschikistan
22.04% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Saudi-Arabien
16.06 million (2021 est.)
note: comprised of 3.1 million Saudis and 10.7 million non-Saudis
note: comprised of 3.1 million Saudis and 10.7 million non-Saudis
Tadschikistan
2.5 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Saudi-Arabien
NA
Tadschikistan
26.3% (2019 est.)
Unemployment rate
Saudi-Arabien
7.36% (2021 est.)
7.45% (2020 est.)
5.67% (2019 est.)
note: data are for total population; unemployment among Saudi nationals is more than double
7.45% (2020 est.)
5.67% (2019 est.)
note: data are for total population; unemployment among Saudi nationals is more than double
Tadschikistan
7.75% (2021 est.)
7.58% (2020 est.)
7.06% (2019 est.)
note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher
7.58% (2020 est.)
7.06% (2019 est.)
note: official rate; actual unemployment is much higher
Public debt
Saudi-Arabien
17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)
13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Tadschikistan
50.4% of GDP (2017 est.)
42% of GDP (2016 est.)
42% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Saudi-Arabien
3.06% (2021 est.)
3.45% (2020 est.)
-2.09% (2019 est.)
3.45% (2020 est.)
-2.09% (2019 est.)
Tadschikistan
7.7% (2019 est.)
3.9% (2018 est.)
7.3% (2017 est.)
3.9% (2018 est.)
7.3% (2017 est.)
Exports
Saudi-Arabien
$286.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$182.848 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$285.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$182.848 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$285.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Tadschikistan
$2.161 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.409 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.243 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.409 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.243 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Saudi-Arabien
China 19%, India 10%, Japan 9%, South Korea 8%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2021)
Tadschikistan
Turkey 24%, Switzerland 22%, Uzbekistan 16%, Kazakhstan 12%, China 10% (2019)
Imports
Saudi-Arabien
$213.016 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$182.184 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$218.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$182.184 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$218.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Tadschikistan
$4.258 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$3.125 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$3.409 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$3.125 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$3.409 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Saudi-Arabien
China 19%, United Arab Emirates 15%, United States 8%, India 6%, Germany 4% (2021)
Tadschikistan
China 40%, Russia 38%, Kazakhstan 19%, Uzbekistan 5% (2019)
Airports
Saudi-Arabien
214 (2021)
Tadschikistan
24 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Saudi-Arabien
total: 7,890,261 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2020 est.)
Tadschikistan
total: 6,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.1 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Saudi-Arabien
total: 36 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)
Tadschikistan
total: 3,009,054 (2022 est.)
percent of population: 30.4% (2022 est.)
percent of population: 30.4% (2022 est.)
Railways
Saudi-Arabien
total: 5,410 km (2016)
standard gauge: 5,410 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings)
standard gauge: 5,410 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings)
Tadschikistan
total: 680 km (2014)
broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge
broad gauge: 680 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge
Roadways
Saudi-Arabien
total: 221,372 km (2006)
paved: 47,529 km (2006) (includes 3,891 km of expressways)
unpaved: 173,843 km (2006)
paved: 47,529 km (2006) (includes 3,891 km of expressways)
unpaved: 173,843 km (2006)
Tadschikistan
total: 30,000 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines
Saudi-Arabien
total subscriptions: 6,594,631 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)
Tadschikistan
total subscriptions: 500,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Saudi-Arabien
total subscriptions: 45,427,321 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)
Tadschikistan
total subscriptions: 12 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Tadschikistan
200 km (2011) (along Vakhsh River)
Disputes - international
Saudi-Arabien
Saudi Arabia-Bahrain: none identified
Saudi Arabia-Iraq: Saudi Arabia has been building a fence along its border with Iraq to keep out militants and smugglers
Saudi Arabia-Jordan: Jordan and Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to demarcate their maritime borders in 2007
Saudi Arabia-Kuwait: Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue discussions on a maritime boundary with Iran; in December 2019, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait signed an agreement to demarcate land in a neutral zone and to restart oil production in shared fields, which had been suspended since 2014 because of disagreements
Saudi Arabia-Oman: none identified
Saudi Arabia-Qatar: none identified
Saudi Arabia-UAE: Saudi Arabia and UAE have disputed the Shaybah oilfield, which Saudi Arabia controls
Saudi Arabia-Yemen: the two countries signed the Treaty of Jeddah in 2000, which specified the coordinates of their land and maritime border and made provisions for grazing, the placement of armed forces, and future resource exploitation; in 2010, Saudi Arabia reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal crossborder activities
Tadschikistan
Tajikistan-Afghanistan: none identified
Tajikistan-China: in 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commence demarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; in 2011, Tajikistan and China ratified the 2002 border demarcation agreement whereby Tajikistan ceded approximately 1,100 square kilometers in the Pamirs to China
Tajikistan-Kyrgyzstan: disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation with Kyrgyzstan; in May 2021, both countries agreed to a ceasefire following recent clashes at their border
Tajikistan-Uzbekistan: talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and clear minefields; as of January 2020, Uzbekistan reported that it had cleared all mines along its side of the border
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