Capital

Saudi-Arabien

name: Riyadh

geographic coordinates: 24 39 N, 46 42 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name derives from the Arabic word "riyadh," meaning "gardens," and refers to various oasis towns in the area that merged to form the city

Dänemark

name: Copenhagen

geographic coordinates: 55 40 N, 12 35 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October; note - applies to continental Denmark only, not to its North Atlantic components

etymology: name derives from the city's Danish appellation Kobenhavn, meaning "Merchant's Harbor"

Panama

name: Panama City

geographic coordinates: 8 58 N, 79 32 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: according to tradition, the name derives from a former fishing area near the present capital - an indigenous village and its adjacent beach - that were called "panama" meaning "an abundance of fish"

Citizenship

Saudi-Arabien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Saudi Arabia; a child born out of wedlock in Saudi Arabia to a Saudi mother and unknown father

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Dänemark

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Denmark

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Panama

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legal system

Saudi-Arabien

Islamic (sharia) legal system with some elements of Egyptian, French, and customary law; note - several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees

Dänemark

civil law; judicial review of legislative acts

Panama

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice

Suffrage

Saudi-Arabien

18 years of age; universal for municipal elections

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/saudi-women-go-to-the-polls-finally

Dänemark

18 years of age; universal

Panama

18 years of age; universal

Area

Saudi-Arabien

total: 2,149,690 sq km

land: 2,149,690 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Dänemark

total: 43,094 sq km

land: 42,434 sq km

water: 660 sq km

note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn) but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland

Panama

total: 75,420 sq km

land: 74,340 sq km

water: 1,080 sq km

Land use

Saudi-Arabien

agricultural land: 80.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 1.5% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 79.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 0.5% (2018 est.)

other: 18.8% (2018 est.)

Dänemark

agricultural land: 63.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 58.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 4.4% (2018 est.)

forest: 12.9% (2018 est.)

other: 23.7% (2018 est.)

Panama

agricultural land: 30.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 43.6% (2018 est.)

other: 25.9% (2018 est.)

Location

Saudi-Arabien

Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen

Dänemark

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm)

Panama

Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica

Age structure

Saudi-Arabien

0-14 years: 23.45% (male 4,298,399/female 4,130,547)

15-64 years: 72.36% (male 15,251,742/female 10,752,649)

65 years and over: 4.19% (2023 est.) (male 799,270/female 707,199)

Dänemark

0-14 years: 16.24% (male 495,887/female 469,976)

15-64 years: 63.13% (male 1,900,182/female 1,854,222)

65 years and over: 20.63% (2023 est.) (male 566,363/female 660,354)

Panama

0-14 years: 25.19% (male 569,439/female 540,143)

15-64 years: 64.87% (male 1,444,638/female 1,412,319)

65 years and over: 9.94% (2023 est.) (male 204,156/female 233,413)

Birth rate

Saudi-Arabien

13.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Dänemark

11.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Panama

17.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Saudi-Arabien

3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Dänemark

9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Panama

5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Saudi-Arabien

Arabic (official)

major-language sample(s):
كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Dänemark

Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority); note - English is the predominant second language

major-language sample(s):
Verdens Faktabog, den uundværlig kilde til grundlæggende oplysninger. (Danish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Panama

Spanish (official), indigenous languages (including Ngabere (or Guaymi), Buglere, Kuna, Embera, Wounaan, Naso (or Teribe), and Bri Bri), Panamanian English Creole (similar to Jamaican English Creole; a mixture of English and Spanish with elements of Ngabere; also known as Guari Guari and Colon Creole), English, Chinese (Yue and Hakka), Arabic, French Creole, other (Yiddish, Hebrew, Korean, Japanese); note - many Panamanians are bilingual

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Saudi-Arabien

total population: 76.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.3 years

female: 78.6 years

Dänemark

total population: 81.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 80 years

female: 83.9 years

Panama

total population: 78.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.6 years

female: 81.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Saudi-Arabien

7.682 million RIYADH (capital), 4.863 million Jeddah, 2.150 million Mecca, 1.573 million Medina, 1.329 million Ad Dammam, 872,000 million Hufuf-Mubarraz (2023)

Dänemark

1.381 million COPENHAGEN (capital) (2023)

Panama

1.977 million PANAMA CITY (capital) (2023)

Median age

Saudi-Arabien

total: 32 years (2023 est.)

male: 34.2 years

female: 29 years

Dänemark

total: 42.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 41 years

female: 43.3 years

Panama

total: 31.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 30.8 years

female: 31.6 years

Dänemark

29.8 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Saudi-Arabien

6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Dänemark

2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Panama

3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Saudi-Arabien

historically a population that was mostly nomadic or semi-nomadic, the Saudi population has become more settled since petroleum was discovered in the 1930s; most of the economic activities - and with it the country's population - is concentrated in a wide area across the middle of the peninsula, from Ad Dammam in the east, through Riyadh in the interior, to Mecca-Medina in the west near the Red Sea

Dänemark

with excellent access to the North Sea, Skagerrak, Kattegat, and the Baltic Sea, population centers tend to be along coastal areas, particularly in Copenhagen and the eastern side of the country's mainland

Panama

population is concentrated towards the center of the country, particularly around the Canal, but a sizeable segment of the populace also lives in the far west around David; the eastern third of the country is sparsely inhabited

Population growth rate

Saudi-Arabien

1.65% (2023 est.)

Dänemark

0.44% (2023 est.)

Panama

1.51% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Saudi-Arabien

1.89 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Dänemark

1.77 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Panama

2.37 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Saudi-Arabien

urban population: 85% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.69% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Dänemark

urban population: 88.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Panama

urban population: 69.5% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Saudi-Arabien

7.8% of GDP (2020) NA

Dänemark

6.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Panama

3.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Saudi-Arabien

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 16 years (2021)

Dänemark

total: 19 years

male: 18 years

female: 19 years (2020)

Panama

total: 13 years

male: 12 years

female: 13 years (2016)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Saudi-Arabien

-8.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Dänemark

1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Panama

-1.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Saudi-Arabien

1.71% (2021 est.)

Dänemark

5.25% (2021 est.)

Panama

37.5% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Saudi-Arabien

16.06 million (2021 est.)

note: comprised of 3.1 million Saudis and 10.7 million non-Saudis

Dänemark

3.051 million (2021 est.)

Panama

1.966 million (2021 est.)

note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor

Population below poverty line

Saudi-Arabien

NA

Dänemark

12.5% (2018 est.)

Panama

22.1% (2016 est.)

Unemployment rate

Saudi-Arabien

7.36% (2021 est.)

7.45% (2020 est.)

5.67% (2019 est.)

note: data are for total population; unemployment among Saudi nationals is more than double

Dänemark

4.8% (2021 est.)

5.64% (2020 est.)

5.02% (2019 est.)

Panama

12.09% (2021 est.)

12.85% (2020 est.)

4.73% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Saudi-Arabien

17.2% of GDP (2017 est.)

13.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Dänemark

35.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Panama

37.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

37.4% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Saudi-Arabien

3.06% (2021 est.)

3.45% (2020 est.)

-2.09% (2019 est.)

Dänemark

1.85% (2021 est.)

0.42% (2020 est.)

0.76% (2019 est.)

Panama

1.63% (2021 est.)

-1.55% (2020 est.)

-0.36% (2019 est.)

Exports

Saudi-Arabien

$286.502 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$182.848 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$285.86 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Dänemark

$234.262 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$195.729 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$205.019 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Panama

$27.237 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$20.179 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$28.622 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

note: includes the Colon Free Zone

Exports - partners

Saudi-Arabien

China 19%, India 10%, Japan 9%, South Korea 8%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2021)

Dänemark

Germany 14%, United States 10%, Sweden 10%, China 6%, Norway 5% (2021)

Panama

Ecuador 20%, Guatemala 14%, China 8%, United States 6%, Netherlands 6% (2019)

Imports

Saudi-Arabien

$213.016 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$182.184 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$218.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Dänemark

$208.121 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$172.868 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$179.356 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Panama

$24.627 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.502 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$27.599 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

note: includes the Colon Free Zone

Imports - partners

Saudi-Arabien

China 19%, United Arab Emirates 15%, United States 8%, India 6%, Germany 4% (2021)

Dänemark

Germany 21%, Sweden 12%, China 9%, Netherlands 8%, Poland 4% (2021)

Panama

China 21%, United States 19%, Japan 16%, Colombia 6%, Ecuador 5% (2019)

Airports

Saudi-Arabien

214 (2021)

Dänemark

80 (2021)

Panama

117 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Saudi-Arabien

total: 7,890,261 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2020 est.)

Dänemark

total: 2,590,282 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2020 est.)

Panama

total: 562,413 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Saudi-Arabien

total: 36 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 100% (2021 est.)

Dänemark

total: 5.841 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 99% (2021 est.)

Panama

total: 2.992 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 68% (2021 est.)

Railways

Saudi-Arabien

total: 5,410 km (2016)

standard gauge: 5,410 km (2016) 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings)

Dänemark

total: 2,682 km (2020) 876 km electrified

Panama

total: 77 km (2014)

standard gauge: 77 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

Roadways

Saudi-Arabien

total: 221,372 km (2006)

paved: 47,529 km (2006) (includes 3,891 km of expressways)

unpaved: 173,843 km (2006)

Dänemark

total: 74,558 km (2017)

paved: 74,558 km (2017) (includes 1,205 km of expressways)

Telephones - fixed lines

Saudi-Arabien

total subscriptions: 6,594,631 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Dänemark

total subscriptions: 706,604 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2021 est.)

Panama

total subscriptions: 790,486 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Saudi-Arabien

total subscriptions: 45,427,321 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2021 est.)

Dänemark

total subscriptions: 7,287,875 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 124 (2021 est.)

Panama

total subscriptions: 6,003,255 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 138 (2021 est.)

Dänemark

400 km (2010)

Panama

800 km (2011) (includes the 82-km Panama Canal that is being widened)

Disputes - international

Saudi-Arabien

Saudi Arabia-Bahrain: none identified

Saudi Arabia-Iraq:  Saudi Arabia has been building a fence along its border with Iraq to keep out militants and smugglers

Saudi Arabia-Jordan: Jordan and Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to demarcate their maritime borders in 2007

Saudi Arabia-Kuwait: Kuwait and Saudi Arabia continue discussions on a maritime boundary with Iran; in December 2019, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait signed an agreement to demarcate land in a neutral zone and to restart oil production in shared fields, which had been suspended since 2014 because of disagreements

Saudi Arabia-Oman: none identified

Saudi Arabia-Qatar: none identified

Saudi Arabia-UAE: Saudi Arabia and UAE have disputed the Shaybah oilfield, which Saudi Arabia controls

Saudi Arabia-Yemen: the two countries signed the Treaty of Jeddah in 2000, which specified the coordinates of their land and maritime border and made provisions for grazing, the placement of armed forces, and future resource exploitation; in 2010, Saudi Arabia reinforced its concrete-filled security barrier along sections of the now fully demarcated border with Yemen to stem illegal crossborder activities

Dänemark

Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; in 2019, Denmark signed continental shelf delimitation agreements with Iceland and Norway to parts of the continental shelf in the Ægir Basin, which is located north of the Faroe Islands

Panama

Panama-Colombia: organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia operate within the remote border region with Panama

Panama-Costa Rica: none identified