Capital

Singapur

name: Singapore

geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E

time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pura (city), thus creating the city's epithet "lion city"

Finnland

name: Helsinki

geographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name may derive from the Swedish helsing, an archaic name for "neck" (hals), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; fors refers to "rapids," so helsing fors meaning becomes "the narrows' rapids"

Citizenship

Singapur

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Finnland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Finland

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 6 years

Legal system

Singapur

English common law

Finnland

civil law system based on the Swedish model

Suffrage

Singapur

21 years of age; universal and compulsory

Finnland

18 years of age; universal

Area

Singapur

total: 719 sq km

land: 709.2 sq km

water: 10 sq km

Finnland

total: 338,145 sq km

land: 303,815 sq km

water: 34,330 sq km

Land use

Singapur

agricultural land: 1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 0.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)

forest: 3.3% (2018 est.)

other: 95.7% (2018 est.)

Finnland

agricultural land: 7.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 0.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 72.9% (2018 est.)

other: 19.6% (2018 est.)

Location

Singapur

Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia

Finnland

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia

Age structure

Singapur

0-14 years: 14.82% (male 458,019/female 427,364)

15-64 years: 71.49% (male 2,148,471/female 2,123,102)

65 years and over: 13.7% (2023 est.) (male 379,373/female 439,054)

Finnland

0-14 years: 16.25% (male 466,311/female 446,015)

15-64 years: 60.5% (male 1,726,110/female 1,670,981)

65 years and over: 23.25% (2023 est.) (male 575,259/female 729,895)

Birth rate

Singapur

8.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Finnland

10.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Singapur

4.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Finnland

10.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Singapur

English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4%; note - data represent language most frequently spoken at home (2020 est.)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

世界概況  –  不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)

Finnland

Finnish (official) 86.5%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.6%, other 6.7% (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s):
World Factbook, korvaamaton perustietolähde. (Finnish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Singapur

total population: 86.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 83.8 years

female: 89.3 years

Finnland

total population: 82 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.1 years

female: 85 years

Major urban areas - population

Singapur

6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)

Finnland

1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023)

Median age

Singapur

total: 38.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 37.7 years

female: 40.1 years

Finnland

total: 43.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.7 years

female: 44.8 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Singapur

30.5 years (2015 est.)

note: data represents median age

Finnland

29.5 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Singapur

4.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Finnland

2.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Singapur

most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas

Finnland

the vast majority of people are found in the south; the northern interior areas remain sparsely populated

Population growth rate

Singapur

0.9% (2023 est.)

Finnland

0.22% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Singapur

1.17 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Finnland

1.74 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Singapur

urban population: 100% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Finnland

urban population: 85.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.42% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Singapur

2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)

Finnland

5.9% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Singapur

total: 17 years

male: 16 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Finnland

total: 19 years

male: 18 years

female: 20 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Singapur

-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Finnland

-0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Singapur

13.32% (2021 est.)

Finnland

2.77% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Singapur

3.29 million (2021 est.)

note: excludes non-residents

Finnland

2.82 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Singapur

NA

Finnland

12.2% (2019 est.)

Unemployment rate

Singapur

3.62% (2021 est.)

4.1% (2020 est.)

3.1% (2019 est.)

Finnland

7.53% (2021 est.)

7.76% (2020 est.)

6.69% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Singapur

153.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

128.31% of GDP (2019 est.)

110.73% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: Singapore's public debt consists largely of Singapore Government Securities (SGS) issued to assist the Central Provident Fund (CPF), which administers Singapore's defined contribution pension fund; special issues of SGS are held by the CPF, and are non-tradable; the government has not borrowed to finance deficit expenditures since the 1980s; Singapore has no external public debt

Finnland

61.3% of GDP (2017 est.)

62.9% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Singapur

2.3% (2021 est.)

-0.18% (2020 est.)

0.57% (2019 est.)

Finnland

2.19% (2021 est.)

0.29% (2020 est.)

1.02% (2019 est.)

Exports

Singapur

$733.782 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$627.442 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$658.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Finnland

$116.905 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$97.789 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$107.084 billion (2019 est.)

Exports - partners

Singapur

China 16%, Hong Kong 16%, United States 8%, Malaysia 9%, Indonesia 5% (2021)

Finnland

Germany 13%, Sweden 9%, United States 8%, Netherlands 6%, China 6% (2021)

Imports

Singapur

$609.28 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$517.967 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$550.209 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Finnland

$116.277 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$97.037 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$106.664 billion (2019 est.)

Imports - partners

Singapur

China 15%, Malaysia 14%, Taiwan 9%, United States 9%, Japan 5% (2021)

Finnland

Germany 16%, Sweden 15%, Russia 11%, China 7%, Netherlands 7% (2021)

Airports

Singapur

9 (2021)

Finnland

148 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Singapur

total: 1,509,700 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2020 est.)

Finnland

total: 1.846 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Singapur

total: 5.369 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)

Finnland

total: 5.115 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 93% (2021 est.)

Finnland

total: 5,918 km (2020) 3,349 km electrified

Roadways

Singapur

total: 3,500 km (2017)

paved: 3,500 km (2017) (includes 164 km of expressways)

Finnland

total: 454,000 km (2012)

highways: 78,000 km (2012) (50,000 paved, including 700 km of expressways; 28,000 unpaved)

private and forest roads: 350,000 km (2012)

urban: 26,000 km (2012)

Telephones - fixed lines

Singapur

total subscriptions: 1,887,500 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2021 est.)

Finnland

total subscriptions: 207,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Singapur

total subscriptions: 8,660,700 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 146 (2021 est.)

Finnland

total subscriptions: 7.15 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 129 (2021 est.)

Finnland

8,000 km (2013) (includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport used frequently in the summer and widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in Finland that cover 31,500 km); Finland also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways

Disputes - international

Singapur

piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait

Singapore-Indonesia: Indonesia and Singapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia's Batam Island; subsequent treaties were signed in 2009 (ratified in 2010) and 2014 (ratified in 2017) settling the two countries’ boundaries in the Singapore Strait

Singapore-Malaysia: disputes with Malaysia over territorial waters, airspace, the price of fresh water delivered to Singapore from Malaysia, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works, bridge construction, and maritime boundaries in the Johor and Singapore Straits; in 2008, the International Court of Justice awarded sovereignty of Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh/Horsburgh Island) to Singapore, and Middle Rocks to Malaysia, but did not rule on maritime regimes, boundaries, or disposition of South Ledge, which is only visible at low tide

https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/singapore-and-indonesia-signed-landmark-maritime-boundary-treaty

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Singapore_border

https://www.iseas.edu.sg/media/commentaries/indonesia-ratifies-maritime-border-treaty-with-singapore-a-commentary-by-mustafa-izzuddin/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute

https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Malaysia-in-transition/Singapore-and-Malaysia-make-major-breakthrough-in-maritime-dispute

https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/the-1962-johor-singapore-water-agreement-lessons-learned/

Finnland

various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia and other areas ceded to the former Soviet Union, but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands