Capital

Schweden

name: Stockholm

geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: stock and holm literally mean "log" and "islet" in Swedish, but there is no consensus as to what the words refer to

Turkmenistan

name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)

geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: derived from the Persian words eshq meaning "love" and abad meaning "inhabited place" or "city," and so loosely translates as "the city of love"

Citizenship

Schweden

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sweden; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Sweden and the father unknown

dual citizenship recognized: no, unless the other citizenship was acquired involuntarily

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Turkmenistan

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkmenistan

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Legal system

Schweden

civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law

Turkmenistan

civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences

Suffrage

Schweden

18 years of age; universal

Turkmenistan

18 years of age; universal

Area

Schweden

total: 450,295 sq km

land: 410,335 sq km

water: 39,960 sq km

Turkmenistan

total: 488,100 sq km

land: 469,930 sq km

water: 18,170 sq km

Land use

Schweden

agricultural land: 7.5% (2018 est.)

arable land: 6.4% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 1.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 68.7% (2018 est.)

other: 23.8% (2018 est.)

Turkmenistan

agricultural land: 72% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)

other: 19.2% (2018 est.)

Location

Schweden

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway

Turkmenistan

Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan

Age structure

Schweden

0-14 years: 17.26% (male 936,274/female 882,347)

15-64 years: 62.05% (male 3,346,891/female 3,190,608)

65 years and over: 20.69% (2023 est.) (male 1,021,707/female 1,158,511)

Turkmenistan

0-14 years: 24.63% (male 710,040/female 691,487)

15-64 years: 68.82% (male 1,943,930/female 1,972,723)

65 years and over: 6.55% (2023 est.) (male 163,121/female 209,517)

Birth rate

Schweden

10.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Turkmenistan

17.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Schweden

9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Turkmenistan

6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Schweden

Swedish (official)

major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages

Turkmenistan

Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

major-language sample(s):
Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Schweden

total population: 82.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.1 years

female: 84.7 years

Turkmenistan

total population: 72.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.1 years

female: 75.3 years

Major urban areas - population

Schweden

1.700 million STOCKHOLM (capital) (2023)

Turkmenistan

902,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2023)

Median age

Schweden

total: 41 years (2023 est.)

male: 40 years

female: 42 years

Turkmenistan

total: 30.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 30.2 years

female: 31.2 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Schweden

29.7 years (2020 est.)

Turkmenistan

24.2 years (2019)

Net migration rate

Schweden

3.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Turkmenistan

-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Schweden

most Swedes live in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found all along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated

Turkmenistan

the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat

Population growth rate

Schweden

0.51% (2023 est.)

Turkmenistan

0.95% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Schweden

1.67 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Turkmenistan

2.03 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Schweden

urban population: 88.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Turkmenistan

urban population: 54% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Schweden

7.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Turkmenistan

3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Schweden

total: 20 years

male: 18 years

female: 21 years (2020)

Turkmenistan

total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 13 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Schweden

1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Turkmenistan

-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Schweden

5.72% (2021 est.)

Turkmenistan

1% (2017 est.)

Labor force

Schweden

5.556 million (2021 est.)

Turkmenistan

1.998 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Schweden

17.1% (2018 est.)

Turkmenistan

0.2% (2012 est.)

Unemployment rate

Schweden

8.66% (2021 est.)

8.29% (2020 est.)

6.83% (2019 est.)

Turkmenistan

5.08% (2021 est.)

4.95% (2020 est.)

4.27% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Schweden

44% of GDP (2020 est.)

38.69% of GDP (2019 est.)

42.28% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Turkmenistan

28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Schweden

2.16% (2021 est.)

0.5% (2020 est.)

1.78% (2019 est.)

Turkmenistan

8% (2017 est.)

3.6% (2016 est.)

Exports

Schweden

$290.793 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$241.94 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$257.293 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Turkmenistan

$7.458 billion (2017 est.)

$6.987 billion (2016 est.)

Exports - partners

Schweden

Germany 10%, Norway 9%, United States 8%, Denmark 8%, Finland 6% (2021)

Turkmenistan

China 82% (2019)

Imports

Schweden

$263.269 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$217.165 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$233.648 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Turkmenistan

$4.571 billion (2017 est.)

$5.215 billion (2016 est.)

Imports - partners

Schweden

Germany 18%, Netherlands 9%, Norway 8%, China 7%, Denmark 7% (2021)

Turkmenistan

Turkey 25%, Russia 18%, China 14%, Germany 6% (2019)

Airports

Schweden

231 (2021)

Turkmenistan

26 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Schweden

total: 4,179,574 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Turkmenistan

total: 10,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Schweden

total: 8.8 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 88% (2021 est.)

Turkmenistan

total: 1,563,023 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 25.3% (2022 est.)

Railways

Schweden

total: 10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified

narrow gauge: 65 km

Turkmenistan

total: 5,113 km (2017)

broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge

Roadways

Schweden

total: 573,134 km (2016) (includes 2,050 km of expressways)

paved: 140,100 km (2016)

unpaved: 433,034 km (2016)

note: includes 98,500 km of state roads, 433,034 km of private roads, and 41,600 km of municipal roads

Turkmenistan

total: 58,592 km (2002)

paved: 47,577 km (2002)

unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)

Telephones - fixed lines

Schweden

total subscriptions: 1,382,146 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Turkmenistan

total subscriptions: 800,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Schweden

total subscriptions: 12,843,683 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2021 est.)

Turkmenistan

total subscriptions: 6.3 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Schweden

2,052 km (2010)

Turkmenistan

1,300 km (2011) (Amu Darya River and Kara Kum Canal are important inland waterways)

Disputes - international

Schweden

none identified

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan: in January 2021, the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea

Turkmenistan-Iran: none identified

Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan signed a treaty on the delimitation and demarcation process in 2001; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to their border in the Caspian Sea in 2014

Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan: in 2017, the three countries signed an agreement of the junction of their borders

Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan: cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management