Daten & Fakten
Vietnam
Gabun
Serbien
Capital
Vietnam
name: Hanoi (Ha Noi)
geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the city has had many names in its history going back to A.D. 1010 when it first became the capital of imperial Vietnam; in 1831, it received its current name of Ha Noi, meaning "between the rivers," which refers to its geographic location
geographic coordinates: 21 02 N, 105 51 E
time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the city has had many names in its history going back to A.D. 1010 when it first became the capital of imperial Vietnam; in 1831, it received its current name of Ha Noi, meaning "between the rivers," which refers to its geographic location
Gabun
name: Libreville
geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: original site settled by freed slaves and the name means "free town" in French; named in imitation of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone
geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: original site settled by freed slaves and the name means "free town" in French; named in imitation of Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone
Serbien
name: Belgrade (Beograd)
geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the Serbian "Beograd" means "white fortress" or "white city" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city
geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the Serbian "Beograd" means "white fortress" or "white city" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city
Citizenship
Vietnam
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Vietnam
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Vietnam
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Gabun
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Gabon
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Gabon
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Serbien
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Serbia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Serbia
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years
Legal system
Vietnam
civil law system; note - the civil code of 2005 reflects a European-style civil law
Gabun
mixed legal system of French civil law and customary law
Serbien
civil law system
Suffrage
Vietnam
18 years of age; universal
Gabun
18 years of age; universal
Serbien
18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal
Area
Vietnam
total: 331,210 sq km
land: 310,070 sq km
water: 21,140 sq km
land: 310,070 sq km
water: 21,140 sq km
Gabun
total: 267,667 sq km
land: 257,667 sq km
water: 10,000 sq km
land: 257,667 sq km
water: 10,000 sq km
Serbien
total: 77,474 sq km
land: 77,474 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 77,474 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Land use
Vietnam
agricultural land: 34.8% (2018 est.)
arable land: 20.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 2.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 45% (2018 est.)
other: 20.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 20.6% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 2.1% (2018 est.)
forest: 45% (2018 est.)
other: 20.2% (2018 est.)
Gabun
agricultural land: 19% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.2% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 17.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 81% (2018 est.)
other: 0% (2018 est.)
arable land: 1.2% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 17.2% (2018 est.)
forest: 81% (2018 est.)
other: 0% (2018 est.)
Serbien
agricultural land: 57.9% (2018 est.)
arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 31.6% (2018 est.)
other: 10.5% (2018 est.)
arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 31.6% (2018 est.)
other: 10.5% (2018 est.)
Location
Vietnam
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, as well as China, Laos, and Cambodia
Gabun
Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
Serbien
Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary
Age structure
Vietnam
0-14 years: 23.44% (male 12,975,791/female 11,593,157)
15-64 years: 68.69% (male 36,280,449/female 35,705,586)
65 years and over: 7.87% (2023 est.) (male 3,346,804/female 4,897,387)
15-64 years: 68.69% (male 36,280,449/female 35,705,586)
65 years and over: 7.87% (2023 est.) (male 3,346,804/female 4,897,387)
Gabun
0-14 years: 35.04% (male 424,741/female 415,342)
15-64 years: 60.76% (male 765,729/female 690,931)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2023 est.) (male 50,920/female 49,705)
15-64 years: 60.76% (male 765,729/female 690,931)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2023 est.) (male 50,920/female 49,705)
Serbien
0-14 years: 14.45% (male 498,534/female 468,853)
15-64 years: 65.81% (male 2,216,701/female 2,188,267)
65 years and over: 19.74% (2023 est.) (male 547,344/female 773,676)
15-64 years: 65.81% (male 2,216,701/female 2,188,267)
65 years and over: 19.74% (2023 est.) (male 547,344/female 773,676)
Birth rate
Vietnam
15.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Gabun
25.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Serbien
8.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
Vietnam
5.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Gabun
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Serbien
15.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Vietnam
Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer, mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
major-language sample(s):
Dữ kiện thế giới, là nguồn thông tin cơ bản không thể thiếu. (Vietnamese)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Dữ kiện thế giới, là nguồn thông tin cơ bản không thể thiếu. (Vietnamese)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Gabun
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Serbien
Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8%; note - Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Ruthenian (Rusyn) are official in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina; most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census (2011 est.)
major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
Vietnam
total population: 75.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 73.2 years
female: 78.6 years
male: 73.2 years
female: 78.6 years
Gabun
total population: 70 years (2023 est.)
male: 68.3 years
female: 71.8 years
male: 68.3 years
female: 71.8 years
Serbien
total population: 75.1 years (2023 est.)
male: 72.5 years
female: 77.9 years
male: 72.5 years
female: 77.9 years
Major urban areas - population
Vietnam
9.321 million Ho Chi Minh City, 5.253 million HANOI (capital), 1.865 million Can Tho, 1.423 million Hai Phong, 1.221 million Da Nang, 1.111 million Bien Hoa (2023)
Gabun
870,000 LIBREVILLE (capital) (2023)
Serbien
1.408 million BELGRADE (capital) (2023)
Median age
Vietnam
total: 32.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 31.6 years
female: 33.8 years
male: 31.6 years
female: 33.8 years
Gabun
total: 21.8 years (2023 est.)
male: 22.2 years
female: 21.3 years
male: 22.2 years
female: 21.3 years
Serbien
total: 43.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 42.2 years
female: 45.2 years
male: 42.2 years
female: 45.2 years
Gabun
19.6 years (2012 est.)
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Serbien
28.2 years (2020 est.)
note: data does not cover Kosovo or Metohija
note: data does not cover Kosovo or Metohija
Net migration rate
Vietnam
-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Gabun
3.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Serbien
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
Vietnam
though it has one of the highest population densities in the world, the population is not evenly dispersed; clustering is heaviest along the South China Sea and Gulf of Tonkin, with the Mekong Delta (in the south) and the Red River Valley (in the north) having the largest concentrations of people
Gabun
the relatively small population is spread in pockets throughout the country; the largest urban center is the capital of Libreville, located along the Atlantic coast in the northwest as shown in this population distribution map
Serbien
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Population growth rate
Vietnam
0.93% (2023 est.)
Gabun
2.39% (2023 est.)
Serbien
-0.63% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
Vietnam
2.04 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Gabun
3.26 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Serbien
1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
Vietnam
urban population: 39.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.7% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Gabun
urban population: 91% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Serbien
urban population: 57.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data include Kosovo
rate of urbanization: 0.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
note: data include Kosovo
Education expenditures
Vietnam
4.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Gabun
3.2% of GDP (2020 est.)
Serbien
3.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
Serbien
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2021)
male: 14 years
female: 15 years (2021)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Vietnam
-6.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Gabun
-1.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Serbien
0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
Vietnam
3.58% (2021 est.)
Gabun
3.2% (2021 est.)
Serbien
8.63% (2021 est.)
Labor force
Vietnam
56.203 million (2021 est.)
Gabun
718,400 (2021 est.)
Serbien
3.176 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
Vietnam
6.7% (2018 est.)
Gabun
33.4% (2017 est.)
Serbien
23.2% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
Vietnam
2.17% (2021 est.)
2.39% (2020 est.)
2.04% (2019 est.)
2.39% (2020 est.)
2.04% (2019 est.)
Gabun
22.26% (2021 est.)
21.97% (2020 est.)
20.74% (2019 est.)
21.97% (2020 est.)
20.74% (2019 est.)
Serbien
11.81% (2021 est.)
9.01% (2020 est.)
10.39% (2019 est.)
9.01% (2020 est.)
10.39% (2019 est.)
Public debt
Vietnam
58.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
59.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
59.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: official data; data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Gabun
62.7% of GDP (2017 est.)
64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Serbien
62.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Vietnam
1.83% (2021 est.)
3.22% (2020 est.)
2.8% (2019 est.)
3.22% (2020 est.)
2.8% (2019 est.)
Gabun
1.18% (2020 est.)
2.46% (2019 est.)
4.75% (2018 est.)
2.46% (2019 est.)
4.75% (2018 est.)
Serbien
4.09% (2021 est.)
1.58% (2020 est.)
1.85% (2019 est.)
1.58% (2020 est.)
1.85% (2019 est.)
Exports
Vietnam
$339.984 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$290.229 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$280.826 billion (2019 est.)
$290.229 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$280.826 billion (2019 est.)
Gabun
$10.8 billion (2019 est.)
$9.533 billion (2018 est.)
$9.145 billion (2017 est.)
$9.533 billion (2018 est.)
$9.145 billion (2017 est.)
Serbien
$33.726 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$25.5 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$26.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$25.5 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$26.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Vietnam
US 28%, China 17%, South Korea 6%, Japan 6%, Hong Kong 4% (2021)
Gabun
China 63%, Singapore 5% (2019)
Serbien
Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7%, Romania 6%, Russia 5% (2019)
Imports
Vietnam
$338.021 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$269.808 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$261.683 billion (2019 est.)
$269.808 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$261.683 billion (2019 est.)
Gabun
$5.02 billion (2019 est.)
$4.722 billion (2018 est.)
$4.749 billion (2017 est.)
$4.722 billion (2018 est.)
$4.749 billion (2017 est.)
Serbien
$39.039 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$30.177 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$31.286 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$30.177 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$31.286 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Vietnam
China 39%, South Korea 17%, Japan 5%, Taiwan 4%, Thailand 4% (2021)
Gabun
France 22%, China 17%, Belgium 6%, United States 6%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)
Serbien
Germany 13%, Russia 9%, Italy 8%, Hungary 6%, China 5%, Turkey 5% (2019)
Airports
Vietnam
45 (2021)
Gabun
44 (2021)
Serbien
26 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
Vietnam
total: 16,699,249 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2020 est.)
Gabun
total: 44,607 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)
Serbien
total: 1,730,496 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)
Internet users
Vietnam
total: 71.78 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 74% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 74% (2021 est.)
Gabun
total: 1.656 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 72% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 72% (2021 est.)
Serbien
total: 5.589 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
Railways
Vietnam
total: 2,600 km (2014)
standard gauge: 178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gauge
narrow gauge: 2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
standard gauge: 178 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge; 253 km mixed gauge
narrow gauge: 2,169 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Gabun
total: 649 km (2014)
standard gauge: 649 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
standard gauge: 649 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
Serbien
total: 3,333 km (2020) 1,274 km electrified
Roadways
Vietnam
total: 195,468 km (2013)
paved: 148,338 km (2013)
unpaved: 47,130 km (2013)
paved: 148,338 km (2013)
unpaved: 47,130 km (2013)
Gabun
total: 14,300 km (2001)
paved: 900 km (2001)
unpaved: 13,400 km (2001)
paved: 900 km (2001)
unpaved: 13,400 km (2001)
Serbien
total: 44,248 km (2016)
paved: 28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)
unpaved: 16,248 km (2016)
paved: 28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)
unpaved: 16,248 km (2016)
Telephones - fixed lines
Vietnam
total subscriptions: 3.1 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2021 est.)
Gabun
total subscriptions: 31,708 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2021 est.)
Serbien
total subscriptions: 2,540,276 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
Vietnam
total subscriptions: 140 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2021 est.)
Gabun
total subscriptions: 3,144,609 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 134 (2021 est.)
Serbien
total subscriptions: 8,501,519 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 124 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 124 (2021 est.)
Waterways
Vietnam
47,130 km (2011) (30,831 km weight under 50 tons)
Gabun
1,600 km (2010) (310 km on Ogooue River)
Serbien
587 km (2009) (primarily on the Danube and Sava Rivers)
Disputes - international
Vietnam
Vietnam-Cambodia: Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities; issues include casinos built in Cambodia near the border, narcotics trafficking, trafficking of women and children, petrol smuggling, illegal logging, and illegal migration; progress on a joint development area with Cambodia is hampered by an unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; in December 2021, leaders from the two countries agreed to fully complete the remaining border demarcation and the upgrading of border checkpoints
Vietnam-Cambodia-Laos: Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamese squatters and armed encroachments along border; Cambodia accuses Vietnam of a wide variety of illicit cross-border activities
Vietnam-China: an estimated 300,000 Vietnamese refugees reside in China; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; small territorial exchanges were made during the demarcation; China occupies the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; cross border trafficking in women and children and illegal wildlife trade are problems along this border; In December 2021, China tightened its border controls over COVID concerns, restricting an important trade route for Vietnam
Vietnam-Laos: Laos opened a strategically important international border crossing with Vietnam in 2021, which will shorten the distance for goods and people transiting between Thailand and Vietnam
Gabun
dispute with Equatorial Guinea over Mbane Island and lesser islands in the Corisco Bay submitted to ICJ in 2016
Serbien
Serbia-Bosnia and Herzegovina: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute
Serbia-Bulgaria: none identified
Serbia-Croatia: Serbia and Croatia dispute their border along the Danube; Serbia claims the border is the median between the current Danube shorelines, with the land to the eastern side of the median belonging to Serbia; Croatia contends that the boundary is demarcated according to historic maps, despite the river having meandered since then
Serbia-Hungary: none identified
Serbia-Kosovo: Serbia with several other states protested the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; since 1999, NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) authority have continued to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority; in October 2021, NATO-led KFOR increased patrols along the border with Serbia to deescalate hostilities caused by a dispute over license plates
Serbia-Montenegro: the former republic boundary serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated
Serbia-North Macedonia: none identified
Serbia-Romania: none identified
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