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Daten & Fakten

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika
Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz
Flagge: Serbien Serbien
Capital

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

name: Pretoria (administrative capital); Cape Town (legislative capital); Bloemfontein (judicial capital)

geographic coordinates: 25 42 S, 28 13 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: Pretoria is named in honor of Andries PRETORIUS, the father of voortrekker (pioneer) leader Marthinus PRETORIUS; Cape Town reflects its location on the Cape of Good Hope; Bloemfontein is a combination of the Dutch words bloem (flower) and fontein (fountain) meaning "fountain of flowers"

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

name: Bern

geographic coordinates: 46 55 N, 7 28 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: origin of the name is uncertain but may derive from a 2nd century B.C. Celtic place name, possibly "berna" meaning "cleft," that was subsequently adopted by a Roman settlement

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

name: Belgrade (Beograd)

geographic coordinates: 44 50 N, 20 30 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the Serbian "Beograd" means "white fortress" or "white city" and dates back to the 9th century; the name derives from the white fortress wall that once enclosed the city
Citizenship

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of South Africa

dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission of the government

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 year

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Switzerland

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 12 years including at least 3 of the last 5 years prior to application

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Serbia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 3 years
Legal system

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

mixed legal system of Roman-Dutch civil law, English common law, and customary law

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except for federal decrees of a general obligatory character

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

civil law system
Suffrage

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

18 years of age; universal

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

18 years of age; universal

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal
Area

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 1,219,090 sq km

land: 1,214,470 sq km

water: 4,620 sq km

note: includes Prince Edward Islands (Marion Island and Prince Edward Island)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 41,277 sq km

land: 39,997 sq km

water: 1,280 sq km

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 77,474 sq km

land: 77,474 sq km

water: 0 sq km
Land use

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

agricultural land: 79.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 9.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 69.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 7.6% (2018 est.)

other: 13% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

agricultural land: 38.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 10.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 31.5% (2018 est.)

other: 29.8% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

agricultural land: 57.9% (2018 est.)

arable land: 37.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 3.4% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 16.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 31.6% (2018 est.)

other: 10.5% (2018 est.)
Location

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary
Age structure

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

0-14 years: 27.29% (male 7,931,943/female 7,906,715)

15-64 years: 66.17% (male 19,158,920/female 19,253,679)

65 years and over: 6.54% (2023 est.) (male 1,596,882/female 2,200,193)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

0-14 years: 15.49% (male 683,053/female 643,067)

15-64 years: 65.13% (male 2,800,880/female 2,777,109)

65 years and over: 19.38% (2023 est.) (male 745,501/female 914,150)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

0-14 years: 14.45% (male 498,534/female 468,853)

15-64 years: 65.81% (male 2,216,701/female 2,188,267)

65 years and over: 19.74% (2023 est.) (male 547,344/female 773,676)
Birth rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

18.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

10.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

8.9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

7.2 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

8.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

15.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

isiZulu or Zulu (official) 25.3%, isiXhosa or Xhosa (official) 14.8%, Afrikaans (official) 12.2%, Sepedi of Pedi (official) 10.1%, Setswana or Tswana (official) 9.1%, English (official) 8.1%, Sesotho or Sotho (official) 7.9%, Xitsonga or Tsonga (official) 3.6%, siSwati or Swati (official) 2.8%, Tshivenda or Venda (official) 2.5%, isiNdebele or Ndebele (official) 1.6%, other (includes South African sign language (official) and Khoi or Khoisan or Khoe languages) 2%; note - data represent language spoken most often at home (2018 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Die Wereld Feite Boek, n’ onontbeerlike bron vir basiese informasie. (Afrikaans)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9%; note - German, French, Italian, and Romansh are all national and official languages; shares sum to more than 100% because respondents could indicate more than one main language (2019 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)

The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)

L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8%; note - Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, and Ruthenian (Rusyn) are official in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina; most ethnic Albanians boycotted the 2011 census (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total population: 71 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.4 years

female: 72.6 years

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total population: 83.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.9 years

female: 85.8 years

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total population: 75.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.5 years

female: 77.9 years
Major urban areas - population

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

10.316 million Johannesburg (includes Ekurhuleni), 4.890 million Cape Town (legislative capital), 3.228 million Durban, 2.818 million PRETORIA (administrative capital), 1.296 million Port Elizabeth, 934,000 West Rand (2023)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

1.432 million Zurich, 441,000 BERN (capital) (2023)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

1.408 million BELGRADE (capital) (2023)
Median age

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 30.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 29.9 years

female: 30.3 years

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 44 years (2023 est.)

male: 43.3 years

female: 44.8 years

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 43.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.2 years

female: 45.2 years

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

31.1 years (2020 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

28.2 years (2020 est.)

note: data does not cover Kosovo or Metohija
Net migration rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

the population concentrated along the southern and southeastern coast, and inland around Pretoria; the eastern half of the country is more densely populated than the west as shown in this population distribution map

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

population distribution corresponds to elevation with the northern and western areas far more heavily populated; the higher Alps of the south limit settlement

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Population growth rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

1.08% (2023 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

0.78% (2023 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

-0.63% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

2.31 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

1.59 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

1.46 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

urban population: 68.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.72% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

urban population: 74.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

urban population: 57.1% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Kosovo
Education expenditures

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

6.6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

3.6% of GDP (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 14 years (2020)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 17 years

male: 17 years

female: 17 years (2020)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2021)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

-4.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

1.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

0.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

6.12% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

7.91% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

8.63% (2021 est.)
Labor force

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

22.398 million (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

4.963 million (2021 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

3.176 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

55.5% (2014 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

16% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

23.2% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

33.56% (2021 est.)

29.22% (2020 est.)

28.47% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

5.32% (2021 est.)

4.82% (2020 est.)

4.39% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

11.81% (2021 est.)

9.01% (2020 est.)

10.39% (2019 est.)
Public debt

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

53% of GDP (2017 est.)

51.6% of GDP (2016 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

20.91% of GDP (2020 est.)

18.95% of GDP (2019 est.)

18.68% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: general government gross debt; gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future; includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights, currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable; all liabilities in the Government Financial Systems Manual 2001 system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

62.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

73.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

4.61% (2021 est.)

3.21% (2020 est.)

4.12% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

0.58% (2021 est.)

-0.73% (2020 est.)

0.36% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

4.09% (2021 est.)

1.58% (2020 est.)

1.85% (2019 est.)
Exports

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

$130.885 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$94.123 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$105.988 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

$571.376 billion (2021 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars

$474.236 billion (2020 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars

$478.505 billion (2019 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars

note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

$33.726 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$25.5 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$26.127 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

China 15%, United Kingdom 8%, Germany 7%, United States 6%, India 6% (2019)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

Germany 16%, United States 14%, United Kingdom 8%, China 7%, France 6%, India 6%, Italy 5% (2019)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7%, Romania 6%, Russia 5%  (2019)
Imports

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

$104.806 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$79.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.92 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

$480.522 billion (2021 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars

$429.979 billion (2020 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars

$413.404 billion (2019 est.) ; note - data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

$39.039 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$30.177 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$31.286 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

China 18%, Germany 11%, United States 6%, India 5% (2019)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

Germany 21%, Italy 8%, France 6%, United States 6%, United Kingdom 5%, United Arab Emirates 5% (2019)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

Germany 13%, Russia 9%, Italy 8%, Hungary 6%, China 5%, Turkey 5% (2019)
Airports

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

407 (2021)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

63 (2021)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

26 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 1,303,057 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2020 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 4,028,238 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2020 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 1,730,496 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 25 (2020 est.)
Internet users

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 42.48 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 72% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 8.352 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 5.589 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
Railways

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 20,986 km (2014)

standard gauge: 80 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (80 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 19,756 km (2014) 1.065-m gauge (8,271 km electrified)

other: (2014) 1,150 km (passenger rail, gauge unspecified, 1,115.5 km electrified)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 5,296 km (2020) 5,296 km electrified; Switzerland remains the only country with a fully electrified network

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 3,333 km (2020) 1,274 km electrified
Roadways

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total: 750,000 km (2016)

paved: 158,124 km (2016)

unpaved: 591,876 km (2016)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total: 71,557 km (2017)

paved: 71,557 km (2017) (includes 1,458 of expressways)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total: 44,248 km (2016)

paved: 28,000 km (2016) (16,162 km state roads, out of which 741 km highways)

unpaved: 16,248 km (2016)
Telephones - fixed lines

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total subscriptions: 1,472,191 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total subscriptions: 2,956,500 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total subscriptions: 2,540,276 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 37 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

total subscriptions: 100,328,005 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 169 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

total subscriptions: 11,060,700 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

total subscriptions: 8,501,519 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 124 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

1,292 km (2010) (there are 1,227 km of waterways on lakes and rivers for public transport and 65 km on the Rhine River between Basel-Rheinfelden and Schaffhausen-Bodensee for commercial goods transport)

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

587 km (2009) (primarily on the Danube and Sava Rivers)
Disputes - international

Flagge: Südafrika Südafrika

South Africa-Botswana: none identified

South Africa-Eswatini: Eswatini seeks to reclaim land it says was stolen by South Africa

South Africa-Lesotho: crossborder livestock thieving, smuggling of drugs and arms, and illegal migration are problematic

South Africa-Mozambique: animal poachers cross the South Africa-Mozambique border to hunt wildlife in South Africa’s Kruger National Park; border fences were removed in some areas to allow animals to roam between nature reserves in the two countries; improved patrols, technology, and crossborder cooperation are reducing the problem

South Africa-Namibia: the governments of South Africa and Namibia have not signed or ratified the text of the 1994 Surveyor's General agreement placing the boundary in the middle of the Orange River; the location of the border could affect diamond mining rights; South Africa has always claimed that the northern bank of the Orange River is the border between the two countries, while Namibia’s constitution states that the border lies in the middle of the Orange River

South Africa-various: South Africa has placed military units to assist police operations along the border of Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique to control smuggling, poaching, and illegal migration

South Africa-Zimbabwe: Zimbabweans migrate illegally into South Africa in search of work or smuggle goods to sell at a profit back home

Flagge: Schweiz Schweiz

none identified

Flagge: Serbien Serbien

Serbia-Bosnia and Herzegovina: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute

Serbia-Bulgaria: none identified

Serbia-Croatia: Serbia and Croatia dispute their border along the Danube; Serbia claims the border is the median between the current Danube shorelines, with the land to the eastern side of the median belonging to Serbia; Croatia contends that the boundary is demarcated according to historic maps, despite the river having meandered since then

Serbia-Hungary: none identified

Serbia-Kosovo: Serbia with several other states protested the US and other states' recognition of Kosovo's declaration of its status as a sovereign and independent state in February 2008; ethnic Serbian municipalities along Kosovo's northern border challenge final status of Kosovo-Serbia boundary; since 1999, NATO-led Kosovo Force peacekeepers under UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) authority have continued to keep the peace within Kosovo between the ethnic Albanian majority and the Serb minority; in October 2021, NATO-led KFOR increased patrols along the border with Serbia to deescalate hostilities caused by a dispute over license plates

Serbia-Montenegro: the former republic boundary serves as the boundary until a line is formally delimited and demarcated

Serbia-North Macedonia: none identified

Serbia-Romania: none identified

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