Daten & Fakten - Australien

Capital

Australien

name: Canberra

geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E

time difference: UTC+10 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April

time zone note: Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)

etymology: the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area "Nganbra" or "Nganbira"

Citizenship

Australien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years

Legal system

Australien

common law system based on the English model

Suffrage

Australien

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Area

Australien

total: 7,741,220 sq km

land: 7,682,300 sq km

water: 58,920 sq km

note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island

Land use

Australien

agricultural land: 46.65% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)

forest: 17.42% (2018 est.)

other: 33.42% (2018 est.)

Location

Australien

Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean

Age structure

Australien

0-14 years: 18.43% (male 2,515,636/female 2,359,859)

15-64 years: 64.89% (male 8,602,204/female 8,568,004)

65 years and over: 16.69% (2023 est.) (male 2,034,383/female 2,381,080)

Birth rate

Australien

12.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Australien

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Australien

English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent language spoken at home

Life expectancy at birth

Australien

total population: 83.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.1 years

female: 85.5 years

Major urban areas - population

Australien

5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023)

Median age

Australien

total: 37.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 36.8 years

female: 39 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Australien

28.7 years (2019 est.)

Net migration rate

Australien

6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Australien

population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population

Population growth rate

Australien

1.19% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Australien

1.73 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Australien

urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island

Education expenditures

Australien

6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Australien

total: 21 years

male: 20 years

female: 22 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Australien

-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Australien

-0.55% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Australien

13.786 million (2021 est.)

Unemployment rate

Australien

5.11% (2021 est.)

6.46% (2020 est.)

5.16% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Australien

69.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

60.25% of GDP (2019 est.)

54.49% of GDP (2018 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Australien

2.86% (2021 est.)

0.85% (2020 est.)

1.61% (2019 est.)

Exports

Australien

$389.794 billion (2021 est.)

$300.77 billion (2020 est.)

$342.485 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Exports - partners

Australien

China 40%, Japan 14%, South Korea 9%, India 6%, Taiwan 4% (2021)

Imports

Australien

$298.712 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$250.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$295.504 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Australien

China 28%, United States 10%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, Thailand 5% (2021)

Airports

Australien

418 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Australien

total: 9,099,619 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Australien

total: 24.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)

Railways

Australien

total: 36,064 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified

standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm

narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm

broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm

Roadways

Australien

total: 873,573 km (2015)

urban: 145,928 km (2015)

non-urban: 727,645 km (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

Australien

total subscriptions: 4.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Australien

total subscriptions: 27.09 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Australien

2,000 km (2011) (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling River systems)

Disputes - international

Australien

Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef