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Daten & Fakten

Flagge: Australien Australien
Capital

Flagge: Australien Australien

name: Canberra

geographic coordinates: 35 16 S, 149 08 E

time difference: UTC+10 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in October; ends first Sunday in April

time zone note: Australia has four time zones, including Lord Howe Island (UTC+10:30)

etymology: the name is claimed to derive from either Kambera or Camberry, which are names corrupted from the original native designation for the area "Nganbra" or "Nganbira"
Citizenship

Flagge: Australien Australien

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Australia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years
Legal system

Flagge: Australien Australien

common law system based on the English model
Suffrage

Flagge: Australien Australien

18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Area

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 7,741,220 sq km

land: 7,682,300 sq km

water: 58,920 sq km

note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
Land use

Flagge: Australien Australien

agricultural land: 46.65% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.03% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est.)

forest: 17.42% (2018 est.)

other: 33.42% (2018 est.)
Location

Flagge: Australien Australien

Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Age structure

Flagge: Australien Australien

0-14 years: 18.43% (male 2,515,636/female 2,359,859)

15-64 years: 64.89% (male 8,602,204/female 8,568,004)

65 years and over: 16.69% (2023 est.) (male 2,034,383/female 2,381,080)
Birth rate

Flagge: Australien Australien

12.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate

Flagge: Australien Australien

6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages

Flagge: Australien Australien

English 72%, Mandarin 2.7%, Arabic 1.4%, Vietnamese 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2%, other 15.7%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent language spoken at home
Life expectancy at birth

Flagge: Australien Australien

total population: 83.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 81.1 years

female: 85.5 years
Major urban areas - population

Flagge: Australien Australien

5.235 million Melbourne, 5.121 million Sydney, 2.505 million Brisbane, 2.118 million Perth, 1.367 million Adelaide, 472,000 CANBERRA (capital) (2023)
Median age

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 37.9 years (2023 est.)

male: 36.8 years

female: 39 years
Mother's mean age at first birth

Flagge: Australien Australien

28.7 years (2019 est.)
Net migration rate

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6.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution

Flagge: Australien Australien

population is primarily located on the periphery, with the highest concentration of people residing in the east and southeast; a secondary population center is located in and around Perth in the west; of the States and Territories, New South Wales has, by far, the largest population; the interior, or "outback", has a very sparse population
Population growth rate

Flagge: Australien Australien

1.19% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate

Flagge: Australien Australien

1.73 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization

Flagge: Australien Australien

urban population: 86.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Christmas Island, Cocos Islands, and Norfolk Island
Education expenditures

Flagge: Australien Australien

6.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 21 years

male: 20 years

female: 22 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

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-0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate

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-0.55% (2021 est.)
Labor force

Flagge: Australien Australien

13.786 million (2021 est.)
Unemployment rate

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5.11% (2021 est.)

6.46% (2020 est.)

5.16% (2019 est.)
Public debt

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69.41% of GDP (2020 est.)

60.25% of GDP (2019 est.)

54.49% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Flagge: Australien Australien

2.86% (2021 est.)

0.85% (2020 est.)

1.61% (2019 est.)
Exports

Flagge: Australien Australien

$389.794 billion (2021 est.)

$300.77 billion (2020 est.)

$342.485 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Exports - partners

Flagge: Australien Australien

China 40%, Japan 14%, South Korea 9%, India 6%, Taiwan 4% (2021)
Imports

Flagge: Australien Australien

$298.712 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$250.178 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$295.504 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners

Flagge: Australien Australien

China 28%, United States 10%, Japan 6%, Germany 5%, Thailand 5% (2021)
Airports

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418 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 9,099,619 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2020 est.)
Internet users

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 24.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 96% (2021 est.)
Railways

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 36,064 km (2022) 3,448 km electrified

standard gauge: 18,007 km (2022) 1.435 mm

narrow gauge: 11,914 km (2022) 1.067 mm

broad gauge: 2,685 km (2022) 1.600 mm
Roadways

Flagge: Australien Australien

total: 873,573 km (2015)

urban: 145,928 km (2015)

non-urban: 727,645 km (2015)
Telephones - fixed lines

Flagge: Australien Australien

total subscriptions: 4.6 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 18 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular

Flagge: Australien Australien

total subscriptions: 27.09 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 105 (2021 est.)
Waterways

Flagge: Australien Australien

2,000 km (2011) (mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling River systems)
Disputes - international

Flagge: Australien Australien

Australia-Indonesia: Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing; Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef 

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