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Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina
Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland
Flagge: Sambia Sambia
Capital

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

name: Sarajevo

geographic coordinates: 43 52 N, 18 25 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the name derives from the Turkish noun saray, meaning "palace" or "mansion," and the term ova, signifying "plain(s)," to give a meaning of "palace plains" or "the plains about the palace"

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

name: Athens

geographic coordinates: 37 59 N, 23 44 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: Athens is the oldest European capital city; according to tradition, the city is named after Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom; in actuality, the appellation probably derives from a lost name in a pre-Hellenic language

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

name: Lusaka

geographic coordinates: 15 25 S, 28 17 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: named after a village called Lusaka, located at Manda Hill, near where Zambia's National Assembly building currently stands; the village was named after a headman (chief) LUSAKASA
Citizenship

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina

dual citizenship recognized: yes, provided there is a bilateral agreement with the other state

residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Greece

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

citizenship by birth: only if at least one parent is a citizen of Zambia

citizenship by descent only: yes, if at least one parent was a citizen of Zambia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years for those with an ancestor who was a citizen of Zambia, otherwise 10 years residency is required
Legal system

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

civil legal system based on Roman law

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law
Suffrage

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

17 years of age; universal and compulsory

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

18 years of age; universal
Area

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 51,197 sq km

land: 51,187 sq km

water: 10 sq km

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 131,957 sq km

land: 130,647 sq km

water: 1,310 sq km

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total: 752,618 sq km

land: 743,398 sq km

water: 9,220 sq km
Land use

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

agricultural land: 42.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 42.8% (2018 est.)

other: 15% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

agricultural land: 63.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 19.7% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 8.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 30.5% (2018 est.)

other: 6.1% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

agricultural land: 31.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.8% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 26.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 66.3% (2018 est.)

other: 2% (2018 est.)
Location

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

Southern Africa, east of Angola, south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Age structure

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

0-14 years: 13.14% (male 258,937/female 241,581)

15-64 years: 69% (male 1,319,995/female 1,307,304)

65 years and over: 17.86% (2023 est.) (male 277,555/female 402,392)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

0-14 years: 14.02% (male 758,311/female 713,794)

15-64 years: 62.66% (male 3,285,484/female 3,292,524)

65 years and over: 23.31% (2023 est.) (male 1,086,188/female 1,361,294)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

0-14 years: 42.49% (male 4,334,425/female 4,255,464)

15-64 years: 54.77% (male 5,529,526/female 5,541,857)

65 years and over: 2.74% (2023 est.) (male 250,984/female 303,773)
Birth rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

8.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

7.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

34.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

10.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

12 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Bosnian)

Knjiga svetskih činjenica, neophodan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Serbian)

Knjiga svjetskih činjenica, nužan izvor osnovnih informacija. (Croatian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Greek (official) 99%, other (includes English and French) 1%

major-language sample(s):
Το Παγκόσμιο Βιβλίο Δεδομένων, η απαραίτητη πηγή βασικών πληροφοριών. (Greek)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

Bemba 33.4%, Nyanja 14.7%, Tonga 11.4%, Lozi 5.5%, Chewa 4.5%, Nsenga 2.9%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (North Western) 1.9%, Kaonde 1.8%, Lala 1.8%, Lamba 1.8%, English (official) 1.7%, Luvale 1.5%, Mambwe 1.3%, Namwanga 1.2%, Lenje 1.1%, Bisa 1%, other 9.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2010 est.)

note: Zambia is said to have over 70 languages, although many of these may be considered dialects; all of Zambia's major languages are members of the Bantu family; Chewa and Nyanja are mutually intelligible dialects
Life expectancy at birth

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total population: 78.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 75.3 years

female: 81.4 years

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 79.2 years

female: 84.4 years

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total population: 66.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 64.9 years

female: 68.4 years
Major urban areas - population

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

346,000 SARAJEVO (capital) (2023)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

3.154 million ATHENS (capital), 815,000 Thessaloniki (2023)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

3.181 million LUSAKA (capital), 763,000 Kitwe (2023)
Median age

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 44.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.7 years

female: 46.1 years

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 46.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 44.3 years

female: 47.9 years

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total: 18.2 years (2023 est.)

male: 18 years

female: 18.4 years
Mother's mean age at first birth

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

27.7 years (2019 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

30.7 years (2020 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

19.2 years (2018 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Net migration rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

the northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

one-third of the population lives in and around metropolitan Athens; the remainder of the country has moderate population density mixed with sizeable urban clusters

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

one of the highest levels of urbanization in Africa; high density in the central area, particularly around the cities of Lusaka, Ndola, Kitwe, and Mufulira as shown in this population distribution map
Population growth rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

-0.23% (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

-0.35% (2023 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

2.86% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

1.37 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

1.4 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

4.49 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

urban population: 50.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.61% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

urban population: 80.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

urban population: 46.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

NA

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

4.4% of GDP (2020 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

3.7% of GDP (2020)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2014)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 20 years

male: 20 years

female: 20 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

2.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

0.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

-7.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

8.87% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

10.67% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

4.18% (2021 est.)
Labor force

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

1.169 million (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

4.619 million (2021 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

8.113 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

16.9% (2015 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

17.9% (2018 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

54.4% (2015 est.)
Unemployment rate

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

15.22% (2021 est.)

15.27% (2020 est.)

15.69% (2019 est.)

note: official rate; actual rate is lower as many technically unemployed persons work in the gray economy

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

14.8% (2021 est.)

16.3% (2020 est.)

17.31% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

13.03% (2021 est.)

12.85% (2020 est.)

12.52% (2019 est.)
Public debt

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

46.05% of GDP (2020 est.)

44.63% of GDP (2019 est.)

45.56% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

252.29% of GDP (2020 est.)

212.38% of GDP (2019 est.)

208.84% of GDP (2018 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

103.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

61.93% of GDP (2019 est.)

59.71% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

1.98% (2021 est.)

-1.05% (2020 est.)

0.56% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

1.22% (2021 est.)

-1.25% (2020 est.)

0.25% (2019 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

22.02% (2021 est.)

15.73% (2020 est.)

9.15% (2019 est.)
Exports

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

$9.948 billion (2021 est.)

$6.936 billion (2020 est.)

$8.199 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

$87.521 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$59.022 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$81.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

$11.716 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.558 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.258 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Germany 14%, Italy 12%, Croatia 11%, Serbia 11%, Austria 9%, Slovenia 8% (2019)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Italy 10%, Germany 7%, Turkey 5%, Cyprus 5%, Bulgaria 5% (2019)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

Switzerland 32%, China 14%, Namibia 12%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9%, Singapore 8% (2020)
Imports

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

$12.726 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$9.726 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$11.156 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

$103.532 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$71.758 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$83.192 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

$7.701 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.049 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.036 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Croatia 15%, Serbia 13%, Germany 10%, Italy 9%, Slovenia 7%, China 6% (2019)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Germany 11%, China 9%, Italy 8%, Iraq 7%, Russia 6%, Netherlands 5% (2019)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

South Africa 31%, China 16%, United Arab Emirates 9%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 6%, India 5% (2020)
Airports

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

24 (2021)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

77 (2021)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

88 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 770,424 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 24 (2020 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 4,257,026 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2020 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total: 82,317 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.5 (2020 est.)
Internet users

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 2.508 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 76% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 7.8 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 78% (2021 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total: 3.99 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 21% (2021 est.)
Railways

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 965 km (2014)

standard gauge: 965 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge (565 km electrified)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 2,345 km (2020) 731 km electrified

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total: 3,126 km (2014)

narrow gauge: 3,126 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge

note: includes 1,860 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA)
Roadways

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total: 22,926 km (2010)

paved: 19,426 km (2010) (4,652 km of interurban roads)

unpaved: 3,500 km (2010)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total: 117,000 km (2018)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total: 67,671 km (2018)

paved: 14,888 km (2018)

unpaved: 52,783 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total subscriptions: 689,295 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total subscriptions: 4,913,036 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total subscriptions: 66,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

total subscriptions: 3,728,775 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 114 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

total subscriptions: 11,494,008 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2021 est.)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

total subscriptions: 20 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)
Waterways

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

990 km (2022) (Sava River on northern border; open to shipping but use limited)

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

6 km (2012) (the 6-km-long Corinth Canal crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; it shortens a sea voyage by 325 km)

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

2,250 km (2010) (includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula Rivers)
Disputes - international

Flagge: Bosnien und Herzegowina Bosnien und Herzegowina

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Serbia: Serbia delimited about half of the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections along the Drina River remain in dispute.

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Croatia: none identified

Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro: none identified

Flagge: Griechenland Griechenland

Greece and Turkey continue discussions to resolve their complex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in the Aegean Sea; Greece has a security wall along a portion of its land border with Turkey to deter border crossings by migrants and has announced intentions to extend the wall along the entire border

Flagge: Sambia Sambia

Zambia-Angola: because the straight-line segments along the left bank (Zambian side) of the Cuando/Kwando River do not conform with the physical alignment of the unstable shoreline, Zambian residents in some areas have settled illegally on sections of shoreline that fall on the Angolan side of the boundary

Zambia-Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC):
boundary commission continues discussions over Congolese-administered triangle of land on the right bank of the Lunkinda River claimed by Zambia near the DRC village of Pweto

Zambia-Tanzania: some drug smuggling may take place across the Zambia-Tanzania border; there are no known current territorial issues, as both states have continued to recognize the colonial boundaries last modified in 1937; the boundary in Lake Tanganyika remains undefined.

Zambia-Zimbabwe: in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; in May 2021, Botswana and Zambia agreed in principle to let Zimbabwe be a partner in the bridge project as it enters its lasts phase

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