Capital

Belarus

name: Minsk

geographic coordinates: 53 54 N, 27 34 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; Minsk may originally have been located 16 km to the southwest, on the banks of Menka River; remnants of a 10th-century settlement on the banks of the Menka have been found

Jamaika

name: Kingston

geographic coordinates: 18 00 N, 76 48 W

time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name is a blending of the words "king's" and "town"; the English king at the time of the city's founding in 1692 was WILLIAM III (r. 1689-1702)

Nepal

name: Kathmandu

geographic coordinates: 27 43 N, 85 19 E

time difference: UTC+5.75 (10.75 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: name derives from the Kasthamandap temple that stood in Durbar Square; in Sanskrit, kastha means "wood" and mandapa means "pavilion"; the three-story structure was made entirely of wood, without iron nails or supports, and dated to the late 16th century; it collapsed during a 2015 earthquake

Citizenship

Belarus

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Belarus

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years

Jamaika

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 out of the previous 5 years

Nepal

citizenship by birth: yes

citizenship by descent only: yes

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years

Legal system

Belarus

civil law system; note - nearly all major codes (civil, civil procedure, criminal, criminal procedure, family, and labor) were revised and came into force in 1999 and 2000

Jamaika

common law system based on the English model

Nepal

English common law and Hindu legal concepts; note - new criminal and civil codes came into effect on 17 August 2018

Suffrage

Belarus

18 years of age; universal

Jamaika

18 years of age; universal

Nepal

18 years of age; universal

Area

Belarus

total: 207,600 sq km

land: 202,900 sq km

water: 4,700 sq km

Jamaika

total: 10,991 sq km

land: 10,831 sq km

water: 160 sq km

Nepal

total: 147,181 sq km

land: 143,351 sq km

water: 3,830 sq km

Land use

Belarus

agricultural land: 43.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 27.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 15.9% (2018 est.)

forest: 42.7% (2018 est.)

other: 13.6% (2018 est.)

Jamaika

agricultural land: 41.4% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 9.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 21.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 31.1% (2018 est.)

other: 27.5% (2018 est.)

Nepal

agricultural land: 28.8% (2018 est.)

arable land: 15.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 12.5% (2018 est.)

forest: 25.4% (2018 est.)

other: 45.8% (2018 est.)

Location

Belarus

Eastern Europe, east of Poland

Jamaika

Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba

Nepal

Southern Asia, between China and India

Age structure

Belarus

0-14 years: 15.83% (male 764,281/female 721,632)

15-64 years: 66.81% (male 3,055,606/female 3,213,751)

65 years and over: 17.36% (2023 est.) (male 544,270/female 1,084,313)

Jamaika

0-14 years: 24.11% (male 346,566/female 333,673)

15-64 years: 65.8% (male 914,208/female 942,134)

65 years and over: 10.08% (2023 est.) (male 135,388/female 149,013)

Nepal

0-14 years: 26.32% (male 4,175,742/female 3,956,153)

15-64 years: 67.52% (male 10,016,748/female 10,846,101)

65 years and over: 6.16% (2023 est.) (male 930,510/female 974,189)

Birth rate

Belarus

8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Jamaika

15.8 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Nepal

17.3 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Belarus

13.3 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Jamaika

7.4 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Nepal

5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Belarus

Russian (official) 71.4%, Belarusian (official) 26%, other 0.3% (includes small Polish- and Ukrainian-speaking minorities), unspecified 2.3% (2009 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Jamaika

English, Jamaican patois

Nepal

Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9%; note - 123 languages reported as mother tongue in 2021 national census; many in government and business also speak English (2021 est.)

major-language sample(s):
विश्व तथ्य पुस्तक,आधारभूत जानकारीको लागि अपरिहार्य स्रोत (Nepali)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Belarus

total population: 74.6 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.6 years

female: 79.9 years

Jamaika

total population: 76 years (2023 est.)

male: 74.3 years

female: 77.9 years

Nepal

total population: 72.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 72 years

female: 73.4 years

Major urban areas - population

Belarus

2.057 million MINSK (capital) (2023)

Jamaika

597,000 KINGSTON (capital) (2023)

Nepal

1.571 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2023)

Median age

Belarus

total: 41.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 39.1 years

female: 44.6 years

Jamaika

total: 30.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 29.7 years

female: 31.3 years

Nepal

total: 27.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 26 years

female: 28.1 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Belarus

26.8 years (2019 est.)

Jamaika

21.2 years (2008 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29

Nepal

20.4 years (2016 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49

Net migration rate

Belarus

0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Jamaika

-7.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Nepal

-4.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Belarus

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Jamaika

population density is high throughout, but increases in and around Kingston, Montego Bay, and Port Esquivel

Nepal

most of the population is divided nearly equally between a concentration in the southern-most plains of the Tarai region and the central hilly region; overall density is quite low

Population growth rate

Belarus

-0.39% (2023 est.)

Jamaika

0.09% (2023 est.)

Nepal

0.74% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Belarus

1.45 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Jamaika

2.05 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Nepal

1.88 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Belarus

urban population: 80.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.28% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Jamaika

urban population: 57.4% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Nepal

urban population: 21.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 3.09% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Belarus

4.7% of GDP (2021 est.)

Jamaika

6% of GDP (2021 est.)

Nepal

4.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Belarus

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2021)

Jamaika

total: 12 years

male: 11 years

female: 13 years (2015)

Nepal

total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 13 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Belarus

2.9% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Jamaika

0.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Nepal

-0.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Belarus

6.7% (2021 est.)

Jamaika

2.38% (2021 est.)

Nepal

4.51% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Belarus

4.95 million (2021 est.)

Jamaika

1.418 million (2021 est.)

Nepal

16.884 million (2021 est.)

note: severe lack of skilled labor

Population below poverty line

Belarus

5% (2019 est.)

Jamaika

17.1% (2016 est.)

Nepal

25.2% (2011 est.)

Unemployment rate

Belarus

4.74% (2021 est.)

4.77% (2020 est.)

4.16% (2019 est.)

note: official registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers

Jamaika

9.18% (2021 est.)

9.48% (2020 est.)

7.69% (2019 est.)

Nepal

5.05% (2021 est.)

4.72% (2020 est.)

3.1% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Belarus

33.24% of GDP (2019 est.)

37.1% of GDP (2018 est.)

39.88% of GDP (2017 est.)

Jamaika

106.28% of GDP (2020 est.)

92.25% of GDP (2019 est.)

102.46% of GDP (2017 est.)

Nepal

39.05% of GDP (2020 est.)

31.78% of GDP (2019 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Belarus

9.46% (2021 est.)

5.55% (2020 est.)

5.6% (2019 est.)

Jamaika

5.86% (2021 est.)

5.23% (2020 est.)

3.91% (2019 est.)

Nepal

4.09% (2021 est.)

5.05% (2020 est.)

5.57% (2019 est.)

Exports

Belarus

$49.425 billion (2021 est.)

$37.183 billion (2020 est.)

$41.975 billion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.

Jamaika

$4.385 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$3.343 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.991 billion (2019 est.)

Nepal

$2.52 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$1.771 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.726 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Belarus

Russia 42%, Ukraine 13%, United Kingdom 7% (2019)

Jamaika

United States 46%, Netherlands 9%, Canada 6%, United Kingdom 4&, Russia 3% (2021)

Nepal

India 68%, United States 10% (2019)

Imports

Belarus

$45.459 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$35.236 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$42.378 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Jamaika

$7.414 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$5.911 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$8.317 billion (2019 est.)

Nepal

$16.993 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$10.694 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$13.836 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Belarus

Russia 57%, China 7%, Poland 5%, Germany 5%, Ukraine 5% (2019)

Jamaika

United States 35%, China 13%, Turkey 5%, Trinidad and Tobago 3%, Japan 3% (2021)

Nepal

India 70%, China 15% (2019)

Airports

Belarus

65 (2021)

Jamaika

28 (2021)

Nepal

47 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Belarus

total: 3,255,552 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)

Jamaika

total: 385,603 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2020 est.)

Nepal

total: 1.27 million (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2020 est.)

Internet users

Belarus

total: 8.352 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 87% (2021 est.)

Jamaika

total: 2.296 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 82% (2021 est.)

Nepal

total: 15.6 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 52% (2021 est.)

Railways

Belarus

total: 5,528 km (2014)

standard gauge: 25 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge

broad gauge: 5,503 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified)

Nepal

total: 59 km (2018)

narrow gauge: 59 km (2018) 0.762-m gauge

Roadways

Belarus

total: 86,600 km (2017)

Jamaika

total: 22,121 km (2011) (includes 44 km of expressways)

paved: 16,148 km (2011)

unpaved: 5,973 km (2011)

Nepal

total: 27,990 km (2016)

paved: 11,890 km (2016)

unpaved: 16,100 km (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

Belarus

total subscriptions: 4,332,754 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 45 (2021 est.)

Jamaika

total subscriptions: 473,617 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2021 est.)

Nepal

total subscriptions: 730,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Belarus

total subscriptions: 11,760,087 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2021 est.)

Jamaika

total subscriptions: 2,905,408 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 103 (2021 est.)

Nepal

total subscriptions: 38 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 130 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Belarus

2,500 km (2011) (major rivers are the west-flowing Western Dvina and Neman Rivers and the south-flowing Dnepr River and its tributaries, the Berezina, Sozh, and Pripyat Rivers)

Disputes - international

Belarus

Belarus-Latvia: boundary demarcated with Latvia

Belarus-Lithuania: boundary demarcated with Lithuania.

Belarus-Poland: as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Poland has implemented strict Schengen border rules to restrict illegal immigration and trade along its border with Belarus.

Jamaika

none identified

Nepal

Nepal-China: China may have constructed 11 buildings in Nepal’s Humla region in 2021

Nepal-India: joint border commission continues to work on contested sections of boundary with India, including the 400 sq km dispute over the source of the Kalapani River; the Kalapani issue resurfaced in November 2019 when India issued a new map showing the contested area within India’s borders and then built a new road in the region through Lipulekh pass, an area controlled by India but claimed by Nepal; Nepal countered by amending its constitution and issuing its own map showing the disputed area within its borders; the countries prime ministers briefly discussed the border dispute in April 2022; India has instituted a stricter border regime to restrict transit of illegal cross-border activities