Capital

Ungarn

name: Budapest

geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the Hungarian capital city was formed in 1873 from the merger of three cities on opposite banks of the Danube: Buda and Obuda (Old Buda) on the western shore and Pest on the eastern; the origins of the original names are obscure, but according to the second century A.D. geographer, Ptolemy, the settlement that would become Pest was called "Pession" in ancient times; "Buda" may derive from either a Slavic or Turkic personal name

Citizenship

Ungarn

citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years

Legal system

Ungarn

civil legal system influenced by the German model

Suffrage

Ungarn

18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal

Area

Ungarn

total: 93,028 sq km

land: 89,608 sq km

water: 3,420 sq km

Land use

Ungarn

agricultural land: 58.9% (2018 est.)

arable land: 48.5% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 2% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 8.4% (2018 est.)

forest: 22.5% (2018 est.)

other: 18.6% (2018 est.)

Location

Ungarn

Central Europe, northwest of Romania

Age structure

Ungarn

0-14 years: 14.24% (male 709,089/female 668,143)

15-64 years: 63.97% (male 3,091,384/female 3,094,515)

65 years and over: 21.79% (2023 est.) (male 812,063/female 1,294,815)

Birth rate

Ungarn

9.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Death rate

Ungarn

15 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Languages

Ungarn

Hungarian (official) 99.6%, English 16%, German 11.2%, Russian 1.6%, Romanian 1.3%, French 1.2%, other 4.2%; note - shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Hungarian is the mother tongue of 98.9% of Hungarian speakers (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak.  (Hungarian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

Ungarn

total population: 75.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.1 years

female: 78.7 years

Major urban areas - population

Ungarn

1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)

Median age

Ungarn

total: 44.5 years (2023 est.)

male: 42.6 years

female: 46.4 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

Ungarn

28.4 years (2020 est.)

Net migration rate

Ungarn

2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Population distribution

Ungarn

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Population growth rate

Ungarn

-0.33% (2023 est.)

Total fertility rate

Ungarn

1.59 children born/woman (2023 est.)

Urbanization

Ungarn

urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Education expenditures

Ungarn

4.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

Ungarn

total: 15 years

male: 15 years

female: 15 years (2020)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

Ungarn

-2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Industrial production growth rate

Ungarn

6.64% (2021 est.)

Labor force

Ungarn

4.91 million (2021 est.)

Population below poverty line

Ungarn

12.3% (2018 est.)

Unemployment rate

Ungarn

4.12% (2021 est.)

4.25% (2020 est.)

3.42% (2019 est.)

Public debt

Ungarn

96.11% of GDP (2020 est.)

83.29% of GDP (2019 est.)

86.55% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and national, state, and local government and social security funds.

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

Ungarn

5.11% (2021 est.)

3.33% (2020 est.)

3.34% (2019 est.)

Exports

Ungarn

$148.229 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$124.111 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$133.736 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Exports - partners

Ungarn

Germany 27%, Romania 5%, Italy 5%, Slovakia 5% (2019)

Imports

Ungarn

$147.577 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$121.016 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$129.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Imports - partners

Ungarn

Germany 25%, China 6%, Poland 6%, Austria 6%, Czechia 5%, Slovakia 5%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5% (2019)

Airports

Ungarn

41 (2021)

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

Ungarn

total: 3,382,136 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34.83 (2021 est.)

Internet users

Ungarn

total: 8.633 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 89% (2021 est.)

Railways

Ungarn

total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified

Roadways

Ungarn

total: 203,601 km (2014)

paved: 77,087 km (2014) (includes 1,582 km of expressways)

unpaved: 126,514 km (2014)

Telephones - fixed lines

Ungarn

total subscriptions: 2,955,979 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2021 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

Ungarn

total subscriptions: 10,248,653 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 106 (2021 est.)

Waterways

Ungarn

1,622 km (2011) (most on Danube River)

Disputes - international

Ungarn

Hungary and Slovakia have a long-running dispute over the implementation of a 1970s Soviet-era hydropower project on the Danube, the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros project